60 research outputs found

    Variational methods for solving nonlinear boundary problems of statics of hyper-elastic membranes

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    A number of important results of studying large deformations of hyper-elastic shells are obtained using discrete methods of mathematical physics. In the present paper, using the variational method for solving nonlinear boundary problems of statics of hyper-elastic membranes under the regular hydrostatic load, we investigate peculiarities of deformation of a circular membrane whose mechanical characteristics are described by the Bidermann-type elastic potential. We develop an algorithm for solving a singular perturbation of nonlinear problem for the case of membrane loaded by heavy liquid. This algorithm enables us to obtain approximate solutions both in the presence of boundary layer and without it. The class of admissible functions, on which the variational method is realized, is chosen with account of the structure of formal asymptotic expansion of solutions of the corresponding linearized equations that have singularities in a small parameter at higher derivatives and in the independent variable. We give examples of calculations that illustrate possibilities of the method suggested for solving the problem under consideration

    "Rural Agglomerations” and "Rural Associations of Settlements” β€” Possible Directions for the Development of Local Self-Government in the North-West of Russia

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    The problem of improving the effectiveness of local self-government in the Russian Federation is particularly complex. Geographical and historical prerequisites work against economic efficiency and proportional political representation. The concepts of rural agglomerations and rural associations of human settlements can be considered as search directions in the search for a solution to the problem of β€œefficiency or equality”. The North-West of Russia can be considered as an effective training ground for the development of new management approaches

    On the Question of New Forms of Urbanization in the Context of Spatial Development Management in the Republic of Karelia. Article One

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    In modern conditions, classical approaches to urbanization need to be supplemented. The concept of rural agglomerations based on the development of inter-territorial cooperation of local governments arose. The question about new criteria for the formation of agglomerations was raised. The concept of actual urban settlements is proposed, which involves taking into account the modern characteristics of environmental processes

    Features and Prospects for the Development of the Western Planning Sector of the Suburban Zone of the St. Petersburg City Agglomeration

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    The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, like any other Russian and international agglomeration, is not only a spatial, but also a socio-economic process. The genesis of agglomeration is associated with economic and political changes. Spatial change is the consequence of new economic and political challenges. The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration can and should be considered as a single integrated process, which does not mean denying the advisability of considering agglomeration by sector. This article addresses some issues in the western agglomeration sector

    The spheroplastics destruction mechanisms under hydrostatic compression

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    This paper is devoted to hydrostatic compression testing of glass microspheres and spheroplastics (syntactic foam) based on them. Despite a significant share of the void, for example, with a volume fraction of glass microspheres in the syntactic foam of 0.5, the share of the void will be equal to 0.447. The opposition to hydrostatic compression of this material is surprising.The authors consider that the whole point here is to determine the signs and criteria of destruction of these materials. That is why tests were conducted to determine the strength of spheroplastics and a set of glass microspheres with modeling in the composition of an aqueous emulsion

    On the Question of New Forms of Urbanization in the Context of Spatial Development Management in the Republic of Karelia. Article Two

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    In modern conditions, classical approaches to urbanization need to be supplemented. The concept of rural agglomerations based on the development of inter-territorial cooperation of local governments arose. The question about new criteria for the formation of agglomerations was raised. The concept of actual urban settlements, which involves taking into account the modern characteristics of environmental processes is proposed. The territorial base is the southern part of the Republic of Karelia

    Π’Π›Π˜Π―ΠΠ˜Π• Π“ΠžΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠžΠ—Π НА ΠšΠ˜ΠΠ•ΠœΠΠ’Π˜ΠšΠ£ ΠšΠžΠ›Π•ΠΠΠžΠ“Πž БУБВАВА

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    Aim. To establish peculiarity of the influence of gonarthrosis on kinematics indices of the knee joint at people at the age of 45–60 with the help of markless motion method.Materials and methods. In the research 81 people took part. In the group of the control entered 42 people without symptomatic evidences of gonarthrosis, in the experimental group – 39 people with gonarthrosis of the 1 and 2 degrees at the age of 40 to 65. With the help of the markless motion method and software Brekel Pro BodyΒ» was made biomechanical analysis of the kinematics of knee joints.Results. It is established that people at the age of 40 to 65, suffering with gonarthrosis have authentically more angular moments of lateral mode of motions and rotations in knee joints.Conclusion. Under analysis of the kinematics of knee joints, between the control and the experimental groups were fixed significant differences (t-test, p < 0,01). Besides there were fixed differences between dominant and non-dominant limbs, which mean that the force of muscles of lower limbs can also be a modificative factor, which influences on the strain in joints that potentially can lead to the development and/or advance of degenerative damage in the knee joint. ЦСль. Π£ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ влияния Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π° кинСматичСскиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сустава Ρƒ людСй Π² возрастС 40–65 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ исслСдовании приняли участиС 81 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. Π’ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ контроля вошли 42 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π· симптоматичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π°, Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ – 39 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ с Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни Π² возрастС 40–65 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обСспСчСния Brekel Pro Body сдСлан биомСханичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… суставов.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ люди Π² возрастС 40–65 Π»Π΅Ρ‚, ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ достовСрно большиС ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… суставах.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… суставов ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ зафиксированы сущСствСнныС различия (t-test, p < 0,01). ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ этого зафиксированы различия ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ конСчностями, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сила ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡ† Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… конСчностСй Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° напряТСниС Π² суставах, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ привСсти ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ) ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ суставС.

    ОслоТнСния хирургичСского лСчСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² со свСТими ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹: систСматичСский ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€

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    Background.The combination of classical anterior and posterior approaches, as well as their modifications, is recognized as the most effective in acetabular fractures surgical treatment. The use of classical and modified approaches is accompanied byΒ  seriousΒ  intra-Β  andΒ  postoperativeΒ  complicationsΒ  associatedΒ  primarilyΒ  withΒ  theΒ  durationΒ  ofΒ  surgery,Β  significantΒ  blood loss, tissue trauma, surgical site infection. The aim of review β€” to determine the main and most frequent complications associated with surgical approaches to the acetabulum. material and methods. Access to literature sources is carried out in the information systems and databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Π‘ochran Library, eLibrary, Wiley Online Library. Keywords: acetabular fractures, surgical treatment, approach to the acetabulum, total hip replacement.Results. The most common intraoperative complications are incorrect fragments reduction, sciatic nerve injury, less often β€” intraarticular implant position, damage to the superior gluteal artery and other vessels, among the early postoperative complications - wound infection, both superficial and deep, less often β€” venous thrombosis. Late postoperative complications are mainly representedΒ  byΒ  theΒ  developmentΒ  of Β heterotopicΒ  ossification,Β  post-traumaticΒ  coxarthrosis,Β  lessΒ  oftenΒ  revealedΒ  aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, residual protrusion and secondary femoral head lesion. Conclusion. The main approach to the acetabulum are the ileo-inguinal and the Kocher-Langenbeck approach, as well as their combination.Complications were more common using two approaches, especially in cases of simultaneous use. The main intraoperative complications are the sciatic nerve and the superior gluteal artery injury with posterior approaches, the femoral lateral cutaneous nerve with expanded ilio-femoral approach, and the obturator nerve with anterior approaches.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. НаиболСС эффСктивным Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ (Π’Π’) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ с сочСтаниСм классичСских ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… доступов, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ классичСских ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… доступов сопровоТдаСтся Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°- ΠΈ послСопСрационными ослоТнСниями, связанными, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго, с Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ хирургичСской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ.ЦСль – ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ основных ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ частых ослоТнСний, связанных с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ хирургичСских доступов ΠΊ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Доступ ΠΊ источникам Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ осущСствлСн Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСмах ΠΈ Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Π‘ochran Library, Π΅Library, Wiley Online Library. Π˜ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова: ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, доступы ΠΊ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, эндопротСзированиС Ρ‚Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сустава. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Из ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ослоТнСний Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ нСкоррСктная рСпозиция ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сСдалищного Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°, ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ – располоТСниС части ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° Π² Π’Π’, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ ягодичной Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… сосудов. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… послСопСрационных ослоТнСний ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° ранСвая хирургичСская инфСкция, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ повСрхностная, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ глубокая, ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹. ПоздниС послСопСрационныС ослоТнСния Π² основном прСдставлСны Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ гСтСротопичСской оссификациСй, посттравматичСским коксартрозом, Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ асСптичСский Π½Π΅ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ· голоски Π±Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ кости, остаточная протрузия ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ голоски Π±Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ кости.Β Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ доступами ΠΊ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ подвздошно-ΠΏΠ°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠšΠΎΡ…Π΅Ρ€Π°-Π›Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Π±Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… сочСтаниС. ОслоТнСния Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… доступов, особСнно Π² случаях ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… примСнСния. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ослоТнСний, Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… послСопСрационных ослоТнСний. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ослоТнСниями ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сСдалищного Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ ягодичной Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… доступах, Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π° Π±Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ подвздошно-Π±Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… доступах

    ВлияниС элСктричСского поля Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики систСмы ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½-ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚

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    The effect of temperature and external electric field on the adhesion characteristics in the polychloroprene-schungite system was investigated. It is shown that an increase in temperature and orientation of macromolecules of polychloroprene in an external electric field significantly increase the bond strength between the studied components. The detected effects are explained from the viewpoint of the possibility of direct chemical interaction ofshungite with polychloroprene macromolecules oriented in a certain way in the region of an adhesive compound formation. This is facilitated by the structural features of schungite (the presence of paramagnetic centers, fullerene-like structures, metal oxides) and polychloroprene in shungite, as well as by the creation of the most optimal modes for implementing this interaction. To assess the strength of the interaction between polychloroprene and the surface of shungite we used a method for determining the stress of exfoliation of a polymer film from the surface of a shungite plate. It was established that the greatest effect in strengthening the bond between polychloroprene and the surface of shungite is achieved when a polymer film is formed from a solution in carbon tetrachloride on a negative electrode (cathode). The strength of the bond between shungite and the polychloroprene film formed on the cathode is more than two times higher than this parameter when forming the same film on the anode. The energy expended during the peeling of a film formed on the cathode is twice the energy of exfoliation from the shungite plate of the film formed on the anode. The analysis of the change in the supramolecular structure of polychloroprene in the polychloroprene-shungite system as a result of the orientational influence of an external electrostatic field was carried out using the temperature dependence of the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the systems under study. It is shown that a polychloroprene film formed in an electrostatic field has a more ordered structure compared to a similar sample formed without a field. This fact is evidenced by the shift of the maxima toward higher temperatures in the relaxation spectra of the dipole polarization for the system formed without the field, and the system formed on the cathode. The polychloroprene film containing finely dispersed shungite as a filler and formed on the cathode is characterized by an increased value of the tangent of dielectric loss angle and an increased number of peaks of dipole relaxation in the temperature range studied.ИсслСдовано влияниС Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ внСшнСго элСктричСского поля Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики Π² систСмС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½-ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ ориСнтация ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎ внСшнСм элСктричСском ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ сущСствСнно ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ связи ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ исслСдованными ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ эффСкты, ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ с Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния возмоТности нСпосрСдствСнного химичСского взаимодСйствия ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚Π° с ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½Π° Π² области формирования Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ соСдинСния. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ особСнности строСния ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚Π° (Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ„ΡƒΠ»Π»Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… структур, оксидов ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ²) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½Π°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ полярным эластомСром, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ созданиС ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² для Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ взаимодСйствия. Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ прочности взаимодСйствия ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ использован ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ опрСдСлСния напряТСния отслаивания ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ повСрхности ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ пластинки. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ наибольший эффСкт Π² ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ связи ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚Π° достигаСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· раствора Π² чСтырСххлористом ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ элСктродС (ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π΅). ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ связи ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚Π° с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, сформированной Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² Π΄Π²Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ этот ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. Анализ измСнСния надмолСкулярной структуры ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½Π° Π² систСмС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½-ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ воздСйствия внСшнСго элСктростатичСского поля ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ зависимости тангСнса ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° диэлСктричСских ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ исслСдуСмых систСм. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½Π°, сформированная Π² элСктростатичСском ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ структуру ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ сформированном Π±Π΅Π· поля. Об этом Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ сдвиг максимумов Π² сторону Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ Π² спСктрах рСлаксации дипольной поляризации для систСмы, сформированной Π±Π΅Π· воздСйствия поля, ΠΈ систСмы, сформированной Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ПлСнка ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π½Π°, содСрТащая Π² качСствС наполнитСля мСлкодиспСрсный ΡˆΡƒΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΈ сформированная Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, характСризуСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ тангСнса ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° диэлСктричСских ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ количСством ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² дипольной рСлаксации Π² исслСдованной Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ области
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