60 research outputs found
Variational methods for solving nonlinear boundary problems of statics of hyper-elastic membranes
A number of important results of studying large deformations of hyper-elastic
shells are obtained using discrete methods of mathematical physics. In the
present paper, using the variational method for solving nonlinear boundary
problems of statics of hyper-elastic membranes under the regular hydrostatic
load, we investigate peculiarities of deformation of a circular membrane whose
mechanical characteristics are described by the Bidermann-type elastic
potential. We develop an algorithm for solving a singular perturbation of
nonlinear problem for the case of membrane loaded by heavy liquid. This
algorithm enables us to obtain approximate solutions both in the presence of
boundary layer and without it. The class of admissible functions, on which the
variational method is realized, is chosen with account of the structure of
formal asymptotic expansion of solutions of the corresponding linearized
equations that have singularities in a small parameter at higher derivatives
and in the independent variable. We give examples of calculations that
illustrate possibilities of the method suggested for solving the problem under
consideration
"Rural Agglomerationsβ and "Rural Associations of Settlementsβ β Possible Directions for the Development of Local Self-Government in the North-West of Russia
The problem of improving the effectiveness of local self-government in the Russian Federation is particularly complex. Geographical and historical prerequisites work against economic efficiency and proportional political representation. The concepts of rural agglomerations and rural associations of human settlements can be considered as search directions in the search for a solution to the problem of βefficiency or equalityβ. The North-West of Russia can be considered as an effective training ground for the development of new management approaches
On the Question of New Forms of Urbanization in the Context of Spatial Development Management in the Republic of Karelia. Article One
In modern conditions, classical approaches to urbanization need to be supplemented. The concept of rural agglomerations based on the development of inter-territorial cooperation of local governments arose. The question about new criteria for the formation of agglomerations was raised. The concept of actual urban settlements is proposed, which involves taking into account the modern characteristics of environmental processes
Features and Prospects for the Development of the Western Planning Sector of the Suburban Zone of the St. Petersburg City Agglomeration
The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, like any other Russian and international agglomeration, is not only a spatial, but also a socio-economic process. The genesis of agglomeration is associated with economic and political changes. Spatial change is the consequence of new economic and political challenges. The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration can and should be considered as a single integrated process, which does not mean denying the advisability of considering agglomeration by sector. This article addresses some issues in the western agglomeration sector
The spheroplastics destruction mechanisms under hydrostatic compression
This paper is devoted to hydrostatic compression testing of glass microspheres and spheroplastics (syntactic foam) based on them. Despite a significant share of the void, for example, with a volume fraction of glass microspheres in the syntactic foam of 0.5, the share of the void will be equal to 0.447. The opposition to hydrostatic compression of this material is surprising.The authors consider that the whole point here is to determine the signs and criteria of destruction of these materials. That is why tests were conducted to determine the strength of spheroplastics and a set of glass microspheres with modeling in the composition of an aqueous emulsion
On the Question of New Forms of Urbanization in the Context of Spatial Development Management in the Republic of Karelia. Article Two
In modern conditions, classical approaches to urbanization need to be supplemented. The concept of rural agglomerations based on the development of inter-territorial cooperation of local governments arose. The question about new criteria for the formation of agglomerations was raised. The concept of actual urban settlements, which involves taking into account the modern characteristics of environmental processes is proposed. The territorial base is the southern part of the Republic of Karelia
ΠΠΠΠ―ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ£ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π£Π‘Π’ΠΠΠ
Aim. To establish peculiarity of the influence of gonarthrosis on kinematics indices of the knee joint at people at the age of 45β60 with the help of markless motion method.Materials and methods. In the research 81 people took part. In the group of the control entered 42 people without symptomatic evidences of gonarthrosis, in the experimental group β 39 people with gonarthrosis of the 1 and 2 degrees at the age of 40 to 65. With the help of the markless motion method and software Brekel Pro BodyΒ» was made biomechanical analysis of the kinematics of knee joints.Results. It is established that people at the age of 40 to 65, suffering with gonarthrosis have authentically more angular moments of lateral mode of motions and rotations in knee joints.Conclusion. Under analysis of the kinematics of knee joints, between the control and the experimental groups were fixed significant differences (t-test, p < 0,01). Besides there were fixed differences between dominant and non-dominant limbs, which mean that the force of muscles of lower limbs can also be a modificative factor, which influences on the strain in joints that potentially can lead to the development and/or advance of degenerative damage in the knee joint.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 40β65 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 81 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ 42 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°, Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ β 39 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 40β65 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Brekel Pro Body ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 40β65 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ
.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ (t-test, p < 0,01). ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΌΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ) ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ: ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ
Background.The combination of classical anterior and posterior approaches, as well as their modifications, is recognized as the most effective in acetabular fractures surgical treatment. The use of classical and modified approaches is accompanied byΒ seriousΒ intra-Β andΒ postoperativeΒ complicationsΒ associatedΒ primarilyΒ withΒ theΒ durationΒ ofΒ surgery,Β significantΒ blood loss, tissue trauma, surgical site infection. The aim of review β to determine the main and most frequent complications associated with surgical approaches to the acetabulum. material and methods. Access to literature sources is carried out in the information systems and databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Π‘ochran Library, eLibrary, Wiley Online Library. Keywords: acetabular fractures, surgical treatment, approach to the acetabulum, total hip replacement.Results. The most common intraoperative complications are incorrect fragments reduction, sciatic nerve injury, less often β intraarticular implant position, damage to the superior gluteal artery and other vessels, among the early postoperative complications - wound infection, both superficial and deep, less often β venous thrombosis. Late postoperative complications are mainly representedΒ byΒ theΒ developmentΒ of Β heterotopicΒ ossification,Β post-traumaticΒ coxarthrosis,Β lessΒ oftenΒ revealedΒ aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, residual protrusion and secondary femoral head lesion. Conclusion. The main approach to the acetabulum are the ileo-inguinal and the Kocher-Langenbeck approach, as well as their combination.Complications were more common using two approaches, especially in cases of simultaneous use. The main intraoperative complications are the sciatic nerve and the superior gluteal artery injury with posterior approaches, the femoral lateral cutaneous nerve with expanded ilio-femoral approach, and the obturator nerve with anterior approaches.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Π‘ochran Library, Π΅Library, Wiley Online Library. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΡ ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ β ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ.Β ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡ
Π΅ΡΠ°-ΠΠ°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Π±Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Ρ
, Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½-ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ
The effect of temperature and external electric field on the adhesion characteristics in the polychloroprene-schungite system was investigated. It is shown that an increase in temperature and orientation of macromolecules of polychloroprene in an external electric field significantly increase the bond strength between the studied components. The detected effects are explained from the viewpoint of the possibility of direct chemical interaction ofshungite with polychloroprene macromolecules oriented in a certain way in the region of an adhesive compound formation. This is facilitated by the structural features of schungite (the presence of paramagnetic centers, fullerene-like structures, metal oxides) and polychloroprene in shungite, as well as by the creation of the most optimal modes for implementing this interaction. To assess the strength of the interaction between polychloroprene and the surface of shungite we used a method for determining the stress of exfoliation of a polymer film from the surface of a shungite plate. It was established that the greatest effect in strengthening the bond between polychloroprene and the surface of shungite is achieved when a polymer film is formed from a solution in carbon tetrachloride on a negative electrode (cathode). The strength of the bond between shungite and the polychloroprene film formed on the cathode is more than two times higher than this parameter when forming the same film on the anode. The energy expended during the peeling of a film formed on the cathode is twice the energy of exfoliation from the shungite plate of the film formed on the anode. The analysis of the change in the supramolecular structure of polychloroprene in the polychloroprene-shungite system as a result of the orientational influence of an external electrostatic field was carried out using the temperature dependence of the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the systems under study. It is shown that a polychloroprene film formed in an electrostatic field has a more ordered structure compared to a similar sample formed without a field. This fact is evidenced by the shift of the maxima toward higher temperatures in the relaxation spectra of the dipole polarization for the system formed without the field, and the system formed on the cathode. The polychloroprene film containing finely dispersed shungite as a filler and formed on the cathode is characterized by an increased value of the tangent of dielectric loss angle and an increased number of peaks of dipole relaxation in the temperature range studied.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½-ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠ° (Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ²) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ (ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅). ΠΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½-ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ³Π»Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ³Π»Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
- β¦