Evaluation of chemical composition and energy value of of the diets of highly skilled athletes

159 highly skilled athletes were surveyed in the pre-competition period of sports training. A comparative assessment of the energy value and chemical composition of athletes diets on the basis of the questionnaire method of 24-hour (daily) reproduction of nutrition showed significant variability and dependence on the type of sports specialization of activities and gender of athletes. In particular, statistically significant (p <0.05) increase in the energy consumption value of rations in biathlonists was shown in comparison with athletes specializing in bullet shooting of various specializations of bobsleigh (overclockers and pilots) both in the male group (33.4%, 14, 8%, 31.5%), respectively, and female (33.9%, 13.8%, 41.7%), respectively. In the bobsledder of both sex groups specializing in overclocking, the energy values of rations were also statistically higher than those of athletes from the group of bullet shooting and bobsleigh pilots: by 21.7% and 19.6%, respectively, in the male group and 23.2% and 32.3%, respectively, in the female. Depending on the type of athletic activity and gender of athletes, the consumption of the main macro-intravenous animals varied significantly. In particular, the amount of protein ranged from 119.2 to 200.2 g/day in men and from 79.5 to 170.1 g/day in women; fat - 119.1-164.2 g / day for men and 84.6-148.8 g/day for women; carbohydrates - 385.1-594.6 g/day, in men and 285.5-475.6 in women

Исследование противогриппозной активности комплексов миРНК против клеточных генов FLT4, Nup98 и Nup205 на модели in vitro

Objectives. Evaluation of changes in the viral activity of influenza A/WSN/33 after complex knockdown of combinations of cellular genes FLT4, Nup98 and Nup205 in human lung cell culture A549. Methods. The work was carried out using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use of the I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Russia. The authors performed transfection of combinations of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) complexes that cause simultaneous disruption of the expression of cellular genes FLT4, Nup98, and Nup205. Within three days from the moment of transfection and infection, the supernatant fluid and cell lysate were taken for subsequent viral reproduction intensity determination using the titration method for cytopathic action. The dynamics of changes in the concentration of viral ribonucleic acid (vRNA) was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). The nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was used to calculate statistically significant differences between groups.Results. Using all of the combinations of siRNA complexes, cell viability did not decrease below the threshold level of 70%. In cells treated with complex FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 + Nup205 at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) equal to 0.1, a significant decrease in viral reproduction by 1.5 lg was noted on the first day in relation to nonspecific and viral controls. The use of siRNA complexes at MOI 0.01 resulted in a more pronounced antiviral effect. The viral titer in cells treated with siRNA complexes FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 and Nup98.1 + Nup205 decreased by 1.5 lg on the first day. In cells treated with complexes FLT4.2 + Nup205 and FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 + Nup205, it decreased by 1.8 and 2.0 lg on the first day and by 1.8 and 2.5 lg on the second day, respectively, in relation to nonspecific and viral controls. When conducting real-time RT-PCR, a significant decrease in the concentration of vRNA was noted. At MOI 0.1, a 295, 55, and 63-fold decrease in the viral load was observed with the use of siRNA complexes FLT4.2 + Nup98.1, Nup98.1 + Nup205, and FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 + Nup205, respectively. On the second day, a decrease in vRNA was also observed in cells treated with complex A. A 415-fold decrease in vRNA on the third day was noted in cells treated with complex FLT4.2 + Nup205. At MOI 0.01, the concentration of vRNA decreased 9.5 times when using complex B relative to nonspecific and viral control.Conclusions. The study showed a pronounced antiviral effect of siRNA combinations while simultaneously suppressing the activity of cellular genes (FLT4, Nup98, and Nup205), whose expression products are playing important role in the viral reproduction process, and obtained original designs of siRNA complexes. The results obtained are of great importance for the creation of emergence prophylactic and therapeutic drugs, whose action is based on the mechanism of RNA interference.Цели. Оценка изменения вирусной активности гриппа A/WSN/33 после комплексного нокдауна комбинаций клеточных генов FLT4, Nup98 и Nup205 в культуре легочных кле­ток человека А549.Методы. Работа выполнена с использованием оборудования центра коллективного поль­зования Научно-исследовательского института вакцин и сывороток им И.И. Мечникова (Россия). Авторами выполнялась трансфекция комбинаций комплексов миРНК, вызыва­ющих одновременное нарушение экспрессии клеточных генов FLT4, Nup98 и Nup205. В течение трех дней с момента трансфекции и заражения проводился отбор надосадоч­ной жидкости и клеточного лизата для последующего определения интенсивности ви­русной репродукции по методу титрования по цитопатическому действию. Динамику изменения концентрации вирусной рибонуклеиновой кислоты (вРНК) определяли мето­дом обратной транскрипции и полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального вре­мени (ОТ-ПЦР-РВ). Для вычисления статистически значимых различий между группами использовали непараметрический критерий Манна-Уитни.Результаты. При использовании всех комбинаций комплексов малых интерферирую­щих РНК (миРНК) жизнеспособность клеток не снижалась ниже порогового уровня в 70%. В клетках, обработанных комплексом FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 + Nup205 при множественности заражения (Multiplicity of infection, MOI) 0.1 достоверное снижение вирусной репродукции на 1.5 lg отмечалось на первые сутки по отношению к неспецифическому и вирусному контролям. Использование комплексов миРНК при MOI 0.01 приводило к более выражен­ному противовирусному эффекту. Вирусный титр в клетках, обработанных комплек­сами миРНК FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 и Nup98.1 + Nup205 снижался на первые сутки на 1.5 lg. В клетках, обработанных комплексами FLT4.2 + Nup205 и FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 + Nup205 снижался на 1.8 и 2 lg на первые сутки и на 1.8 и 2.5 lg на вторые сутки соответствен­но по отношению к неспецифическому и вирусному контролям. При проведении ОТ-ПЦР-РВ отмечено достоверное снижение концентрации вирусной РНК. При MOI 0.1 снижение ви­русной в 295, 55 и 63 раза отмечался при использовании комплексов миРНК FLT4.2 + Nup98.1, Nup98.1 + Nup205 и FLT4.2 + Nup98.1 + Nup205 соответственно. На вторые сутки сниже­ние вирусной РНК также отмечалось в клетках, обработанных комплексом FLT4.2 + Nup98.1. Снижение вРНК на третьи сутки в 415 раз отмечалось в клетках, обработанных ком­плексом FLT4.2 + Nup205. При MOI 0.01 концентрация вРНК снизилась в 9.5 раз при ис­пользовании комплекса Nup98.1 + Nup205 относительно неспецифического и вирусного контроля.Выводы. В ходе исследования был показан выраженный противовирусный эффект ком­бинаций миРНК при одновременном подавлении активности клеточных генов (FLT4, Nup98 и Nup205), чьи продукты экспрессии играют важное участие в процессе вирусной репродукции, а также получены оригинальные конструкции комплексов миРНК. Полу­ченные результаты имеют важное значение для создания препаратов для экстренной профилактики и терапии, чье действие основано на механизме РНК-интерференции

"Комп'ютерне моделювання і керування в техніці та технологіях КМКТТ-2021", Дев’ята міжнародна науково-практична конференція

На основі запропонованої термокінетичної моделі вивчено теплову поведінку реакційної системи нікелю з алюмінієм під час спікання. Із використанням комп'ютерного експерименту досліджено вплив температур зовнішнього середовища, температурного ініціювання на характер процесів, що протікають у системі. Встановлено, що оптимальним для реакційної спікання є забезпечення близькості за величиною температур ініціювання та зовнішнього середовища.On the basis of the proposed thermokinetic model, the thermal behavior of the reaction system of nickel with aluminum during sintering has been studied. A computer experiment has been used to study the influence of the temperature of the external environment, as well as the temperature of initiation on the nature of the ongoing processes. It has been established that the optimal for reaction sintering is to ensure the proximity in terms of the initiation temperature and the external environment.На основе предложенной термокинетической модели изучено тепловое поведение реакционной системы никеля с алюминием при спекании. Компьютерным экспериментом исследовано влияние температуры внешней среды, температуры инициирования на характер протекающих процессов. Установлено, что оптимальным для реакционного спекания является обеспечение близости по величине температур инициирования и внешней среды

Efficiency of Endovascular Haemostasis at Delivery in Patients with Previa and Placenta Invasion

Aim. Analysis of operative delivery outcomes in pregnant women with abnormal invasive placenta depending on the endovascular treatment for intraoperative haemostasis.Materials and methods. A retrospective study of operative delivery outcomes was performed in 178 patients with placental invasion using ultrasonography (US) data obtained at the Perinatal Centre of the Regional Clinic Hospital No. 2, Ministry of Health of Krasnodar Krai, in the years 2012–2018. In 2012–2014, delivery was managed without endovascular haemostasis (n = 44), and from May 2014 to December 2018 – with prophylactic balloon catheterization of common iliac arteries (n = 134). Upon intraoperative diagnosis of placental invasion, temporary balloon occlusion (TBO, n = 115) and/or uterine artery embolization (UAE, n = 33) were performed. Efficiency of endovascular methods for intraoperative haemostasis was assessed by comparing the degree of placental invasion, amount of blood loss and transfusion, frequency of hysterectomies (HE), duration of surgery, length of stay in intensive care units (ICU) and outcomes for the foetus.Results. Adoption of endovascular methods for intraoperative haemostasis allowed the blood loss (p = 0.02), haemotransfusion (p = 0.012) and HE frequency (p &lt;0.001) to be significantly reduced. In the absence of clinical and histological manifestations of placental invasion, no difference in blood loss was detected between the groups. The amount of blood loss increased with the degree of invasion. Surgery duration in patients with TBO was signifi cantly longer (p = 0.04). No difference was detected between the groups with respect to the ICU length of stay and outcomes for the foetus.Conclusions. Establishment of endovascular haemostasis at the planned delivery of pregnant women with abnormal invasive placenta allows the blood loss and HE frequency to be reduced. Further improvement of US diagnostics of placental invasions is essential in pre-selection of patients for X-ray surgical care

Comorbidities and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Elderly Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Aim. To assess comorbidities in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to analyze patient subgroups with different treatment strategies in the Regional Vascular Center (RVC).Material and methods. The prospective study included 205 patients with confirmed ACS 75 years and older, the mean age was 81±4.9 years, and 68% were women. ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was diagnosed in 46 (22.4 %) patients, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was diagnosed in 159 (77,6 %) patients. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated in every patient. Early outcomes were defined as those assessed during hospital stay. Late outcomes were assessed at 6 months after the discharge using phone calls and/or clinic visits. All patients provided written informed consent.Results. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 42% of patients. In patients with STEMI and NSTEMI PCI was performed in 73% and 32%, respectively. Mean CCI score was 7.9 points: 7.6 points in men and 8.04 in women. Patients with STEMI had higher CCI score than NSTEMI patients (p&lt;0.01): 8.1 points and 7.1 points, respectively. Patients who underwent PCI had lower CCI score (7.2 points) than patients in non-PCI group (8.2 points; p&lt;0.05). Patients with STEMI in PCI and non-PCI groups had significant difference in CCI score (p&lt;0.05): 7.4 and 8.4 points, respectively. Mean CCI score in patients who died in hospital was 8.5 while discharged patients had 7.6 points (p&lt;0.01). In 6 months 13 patients (6.3%) died, their mean age was 84.9 years, mean CCI was 9 points, PCI was performed in 3 (23%) patients.Conclusions. Elderly patients with ACS had high comorbidity level assessed by CCI score. Higher CCI score was associated with PCI non-performance in elderly patients. Elderly patients with STEMI had higher CCI score than patients with NSTEMI which was significantly associated with PCI non-performance. Patients who died in hospital or in 6 months after the ACS onset had higher CCI score than other elderly patients with ACS

THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIAGNOSTICS AND ALIMENTARY PREVENTION SYSTEM OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Background: Violation of dietary intake structure leads to changes in nutritional status. This contributes to the development of non-communicable diseases, which account for more than half of causes of death inRussia. Materials and methods: In a consultative and diagnostic center "Healthy Nutrition" of theInstituteofNutritionthe nutritional status of 3580 patients (mean age 48.4±0.3  years) has been examined, including genomic and post-translational analysis. 30.0% of patients were overweight and 34.1% were obese.Results: Analysis of actual dietary intake showed an increase in energy intake due to excess intake of total (44.2%  energy) and saturated fat (13.6%). Serum biochemistry analyses revealed increased cholesterol levels in 68.7%  of patients, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 63.9%, increased triglycerides in 22.5%, and increased blood glucose in 29.4%. The frequencies of risk alleles of genes associated with development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus were as follows: 47.8% for the polymorphism rs9939609 (FTO gene), 8.3% for the polymorphism rs4994 (gene ADRB3), 60.2% for the polymorphism rs659366 (gene UCP2), 36.6% for the rs5219  polymorphism in the gene of ATPdependent potassium channel.Conclusion: These results can be used for development of a personalized diet based on assessment of a patient's nutritional status