Supplementary Material for: One-Year Mortality Rates in US Children with End-Stage Renal Disease

<p><b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Few published data describe survival rates for pediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. We aimed to describe one-year mortality rates for US pediatric ESRD patients over a 15-year period. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this retrospective cohort study, we used the US Renal Data System database to identify period-prevalent cohorts of patients aged younger than 19 for each year during the period 1995-2010. Yearly cohorts averaged approximately 1,200 maintenance dialysis patients (60% hemodialysis, 40% peritoneal dialysis) and 1,100 transplant recipients. Patients were followed for up to 1 year and censored at change in modality, loss to follow-up, or death. We calculated the unadjusted model-based mortality rates per time at risk, within each cohort year, by treatment modality (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, transplant) and patient characteristics; percentage of deaths by cause; and overall adjusted odds of mortality by characteristics and modality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Approximately 50% of patients were in the age group 15-18, 55% were male, and 45% were female. The most common causes of ESRD were congenital/reflux/obstructive causes (55%) and glomerulonephritis (30%). One-year mortality rates showed evidence of a decrease in the number of peritoneal dialysis patients (6.03 per 100 patient-years, 1995; 2.43, 2010; p = 0.0263). Mortality rates for transplant recipients (average 0.68 per 100 patient-years) were consistently lower than the rates for all dialysis patients (average 4.36 per 100 patient-years). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> One-year mortality rates differ by treatment modality in pediatric ESRD patients.</p

Supplementary Material for: Impact of Renal Disease on Patients with Hepatitis C: A Retrospective Analysis of Disease Burden, Clinical Outcomes, and Health Care Utilization and Cost

<p><b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Few studies explore the magnitude of the disease burden and health care utilization imposed by renal disease among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aimed to describe the characteristics, outcomes, and health care utilization and costs of patients with HCV with and without renal impairment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective analysis used 2 administrative claims databases: the US commercially insured population in Truven Health MarketScan® data (aged 20-64 years), and the US Medicare fee-for-service population in the Medicare 20% sample (aged ≥65 years). Baseline characteristics and comorbid conditions were identified from claims during 2011; patients were followed for up to 1 year (beginning January 1, 2012) to identify health outcomes of interest and health care utilization and costs. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the MarketScan and Medicare databases, 35,965 and 10,608 patients with HCV were identified, 8.5 and 26.5% with evidence of renal disease (chronic kidney disease [CKD] or end-stage renal disease [ESRD]). Most comorbid conditions and unadjusted outcome rates increased across groups from patients with no evidence of renal disease to non-ESRD CKD to ESRD. Health care utilization followed a similar pattern, as did the costs. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings suggest that HCV patients with concurrent renal disease have significantly more comorbidity, a higher likelihood of negative health outcomes, and higher health care utilization and costs.</p