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Development and Applications of Photosensitive Device Systems to Studies of Biological and Organic Materials
R&D and application testing are proceeding on Pixel Array Detectors (PADs) for time-resolved and crystallographic applications at synchrotron radiation (SR) sources [1, 2, 4, 23, 24]. In conjunction with an NIH-funded SBIR grant, a novel mixed-mode analog/digital pixel design is being developed. Reports and publications on recent developments in the hybrid detector will be presented at the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium in Rome in October, 2004 [21-23]. We've been invited to help prepare a special issue of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation on x-ray detectors; additionally, we will contribute an article on fast time-resolved PADs [24]. Application of a PAD developed under a DOE Facilities Initiative Grant, in collaboration with Dr. Jin Wang's group at the Advanced Photon Source, is being intensively used for microsecond time-resolved x-ray imaging of fuel injectors [3, 15]. This detector is the primary data acquisition device used by the Wang collaboration for work which was awarded the 2002 DOE Combustion and Emission Control R&D award
What Future Will We Choose for Physics?
Science in the United States is in a time of pain and uncertainty. The pain is felt most acutely by young scientists, who are having great difficulty establishing their careers. The uncertainty about the duration and outcome of the current situation stems from its roots in ponderous events of recent history—the end of the cold war, industrial downsizing, government deficits and demographic trends. Although budget difficulties and lack of jobs plague most of the sciences, the atmosphere of uncertainty about the future is palpably different from one profession to the next. Our concern here is with the profession of physics
Considerations about future hard x-ray area detectors
X-ray sources continue to advance in both intensity and temporal domains, thereby opening new ways to analyze the structure and properties of matter, provided that the resultant x-ray images can be efficiently and quantitatively recorded. In this perspective we focus on specific limitations of pixel area x-ray detectors. Although pixel area x-ray detectors have also advanced in recent years, many experiments are still detector limited. Specifically, there is need for detectors that can acquire successive images at GHz rates; detectors that can accurately measure both single photon and millions of photons per pixel in the same image at frame rates of hundreds of kHz; and detectors that efficiently capture images of very hard x-rays (20Â keV to several hundred keV). The data volumes and data rates of state-of-the-art detection exceeds most practical data storage options and readout bandwidths, thereby necessitating on-line processing of data prior to, or in lieu of full frame readouts
X-ray analog pixel array detector for single synchrotron bunch time-resolved imaging
Dynamic x-ray studies may reach temporal resolutions limited by only the
x-ray pulse duration if the detector is fast enough to segregate synchrotron
pulses. An analog integrating pixel array detector with in-pixel storage and
temporal resolution of around 150 ns, sufficient to isolate pulses, is
presented. Analog integration minimizes count-rate limitations and in-pixel
storage captures successive pulses. Fundamental tests of noise and linearity as
well as high-speed laser measurements are shown. The detector resolved
individual bunch trains at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)
at levels of up to 3.7x10^3 x-rays/pixel/train. When applied to turn-by-turn
x-ray beam characterization single-shot intensity measurements were made with a
repeatability of 0.4% and horizontal oscillations of the positron cloud were
detected. This device is appropriate for time-resolved Bragg spot single
crystal experiments.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure
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