Antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of Phlomis fruticosa L.

In the ethanolic extract of Phlomis fruticosa L. two flavonoid aglycones, luteolin and chrysoeriol were identified. Antifungal activity of the total ethanolic extract, extract hydrolyzed with β-glucosidase and that hydro-lyzed with HCI against seven micromycetes: Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, Penicillium ochrochloron, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Thchoderma viride, Fusamim tricinctum and Phomopsis helianthi was tested. The ethanolic extract hydrolyzed with HCI possessed the greatest antifungal activity against all fungal species tested.U etanolnom ekstraktu vrste Phlomis fruticosa L. identifikovana su dva aglikona flavonoida, luteolin i hrizoeriol. Antifungaliia aktivnost ukupnog etapolnogekstrakta, etanolpog ekstrakta hidrolizovapog β-glukozidazom i ekstrakta hidrolizovanog hlorovodoničnom kiselinom istraživana je na sedam mikromiceta: Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, Penicillium ochrochloron, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Fusarium tricinctum i Phomopsis helianthi. Najosetljivije mikromicete cy P. helianthi i C. cladosporioides. Pomenute vrste pokazale su najmanju rezistentnost na sva tri ispitivana ekstrakta. Mikromicete koje su pokazale najveću rezistentnost na sva tri ispitivana ekstrakta su P. ochrochloron i T. viride. Ukupni etanolni ekstrakt pokazao je najmanji antifungalni potencijal. Etanolni ekstakt hidrolizovan enzimom pokazuje porast antifungalnog potencijala, dok etanolni ekstrakt hidrolizovan hlorovodoničnom kiselinom poseduje najveći antifugalni potencijal.Projekat ministarstva br. 03E08/1, 03E2

Antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of Phlomis fruticosa L.

In the ethanolic extract of Phlomis fruticosa L. two flavonoid aglycones, luteolin and chrysoeriol were identified. Antifungal activity of the total ethanolic extract, extract hydrolyzed with β-glucosidase and that hydro-lyzed with HCI against seven micromycetes: Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, Penicillium ochrochloron, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Thchoderma viride, Fusamim tricinctum and Phomopsis helianthi was tested. The ethanolic extract hydrolyzed with HCI possessed the greatest antifungal activity against all fungal species tested.U etanolnom ekstraktu vrste Phlomis fruticosa L. identifikovana su dva aglikona flavonoida, luteolin i hrizoeriol. Antifungaliia aktivnost ukupnog etapolnogekstrakta, etanolpog ekstrakta hidrolizovapog β-glukozidazom i ekstrakta hidrolizovanog hlorovodoničnom kiselinom istraživana je na sedam mikromiceta: Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, Penicillium ochrochloron, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Fusarium tricinctum i Phomopsis helianthi. Najosetljivije mikromicete cy P. helianthi i C. cladosporioides. Pomenute vrste pokazale su najmanju rezistentnost na sva tri ispitivana ekstrakta. Mikromicete koje su pokazale najveću rezistentnost na sva tri ispitivana ekstrakta su P. ochrochloron i T. viride. Ukupni etanolni ekstrakt pokazao je najmanji antifungalni potencijal. Etanolni ekstakt hidrolizovan enzimom pokazuje porast antifungalnog potencijala, dok etanolni ekstrakt hidrolizovan hlorovodoničnom kiselinom poseduje najveći antifugalni potencijal.Projekat ministarstva br. 03E08/1, 03E2

Antimicrobial activity of lozenge with garlic bulb powder

According to the tested antimicrobial activity of constituents and their chemical characteristics, a new formulation of oral antiseptic was made based on garlic bulb powder and its active principles with strong antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of garlic bulb powder, allicin and the lozenge with 15% of garlic powder was tested using broth microdilution method. The tested garlic powder, as well the lozenge, have shown very high antimicrobial activity with MIC 1.25-5.00 mg/ml, and 1.87-7.50 mg/ml, respectively. The major compound, allicin, was highly active at a very low concentration. The minimal inhibitory concentration of allicin was from 6.25-12.50 μg/ml for antibacterial activity and 0.4 μg/ml for antifungal activity. Those concentrations are comparable with concentrations of commercially available antibiotics and fungicides. The formulation of an antiseptic with herbal constituents, high antibacterial and antifungal activity and pleasant taste could be an alternative to classical pharmaceutical oral antiseptics.Na osnovu ispitane antimikrobne aktivnosti komponenata i njihovih hemijskih karakteristika, napravljena je nova formulacija oralnog antiseptika koji kao aktivnu komponentu ima prašak belog luka čiji sastojci pokazuju veoma izraženu aktivnost protiv širokog spektra bakterija i gljive Candida albicans. Antimikrobna aktivnost praška belog luka, alicina i lozengi sa 15% praška belog luka je ispitivana bujon mikrodilucionom metodom. Testiran prašak belog luka, kao i lozenge imaju veoma jaku antimikrobnu aktivnost sa minimalnim inhibitornim koncentracijama (MIC) 1,25-5,00 mg/ml (prašak belog luka) i 1,87-7,50 mg/ml (lozenge). Glavna aktivna komponeta belog luka, alicin, pokazuje antimikrobnu aktivnost u veoma niskim koncentracijama. Minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije alicina se kreću od 6,25-12,5 μg/ml protiv bakterija i 0,4 μg/ml protiv gljivice Candida albicans. Ove koncentracije se mogu uporediti sa koncentracijama komercijalnih antibiotika i fungicida. Naši rezultati su u skladu sa prethodnim ispitivanjima alicina i različitih ekstrakta belog luka, i potvrđuju najvažniju ulogu alicina u antimikrobnoj aktivnosti. Veoma je važna visoka aktivnost ovako formulisanog oralnog preparata protiv gljivice C. albicans koja je čest uzročnik infekcija usne duplje. Formulisan proizvod sa antiseptičkim osobinama karakteriše stanje čvrstog rastvora gde su aktivne supstance molekularno-disperzno ugrađene u obliku dobro rastvornog polimernog matriksa (sorbitola) velike specifične površine. Dobra rastvorljivost polimernog matriksa i velika specifična površina omogućuju zadovoljavajuću brzinu otpuštanja aktivnih principa iz belog luka (alicin). Pored visoke antimikrobne aktivnosti, lozenge poseduju prijatan ukus i osvežavaju dah, pa se mogu koristiti kao prirodni antiseptik u prevenciji i terapiji infekcija sluzokože usta i ždrela. Formulacija antiseptika sa biljnim sastojcima i visokom antibakterijskom i antifungalnom aktivnošću može biti alternativa farmaceutskim oralnim antisepticima.Projekat ministarstva br. 173021, br. 34012 i br. 17303

Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) plants growing in nature and cultured in vitro

Projekat ministarstva br. 143026B i 143041

Investigation on antibacterial synergism of Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris essential oils

Essential oils are well known as strong antimicrobial agents of plant origin. In spite of this, the antimicrobial synergism of essential oils isolated from different plant species is poorly investigated. The following study examines the synergism of the essential oils of Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L against pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium. First, the antibacterial effect of the oils was tested, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of both oils were determined using the microdilution method. To test whether the oils act synergistically, every possible combination of essential oil concentrations was used in a dynamic checkerboard method. The results indicated that the oils indeed acted synergistically with fractional inhibitory concentration indexes of 0.45 and 0.50. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173032

Characteristics of local pulmonary response following intranasal application of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia

In this study, histopathology of local pulmonary response following intranasal inoculation of different doses of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in laboratory rats was evaluated. Development of response was evaluated on days seven and twenty one, following conidia inoculation by cell infiltration and by presence of A. fumigatus conidia in homogenates of lung tissue. Total and differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts and state of leukocyte adhesion/aggregation were monitored to estimate the presence of systemic response in infected individuals. Mycological examination revealed the presence of conidia in lung tissue homogenates of infected animals, with high number of non-germinating spores on day twenty one, following the inoculation of lower conidia dose. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of lymphocytes perivascularly and in vascular lumen in the lungs. Presented data demonstrate pulmonary immune response following A. fumigatus conidia administration

Extract of Herba Anthrisci cerefolii: Chemical Profiling and Insights into Its Anti-Glioblastoma and Antimicrobial Mechanism of Actions

Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. is a plant traditionally used around the globe since antiquity. Although widely used in many traditional medicines in different cultures, from the scientific point of view it is poorly investigated. Glioblastoma, a tumor type with poor prognosis, is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Current therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. On the other hand, it has been revealed that patients with cancers are highly susceptible to microbial infections due to the invasive nature of cancer treatment approaches. This study was designed to investigate the chemical profile of herba Anthriscii cerefoli methanolic extract by applying UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS4 analysis and to analyze its anti-glioblastoma and antimicrobial activities. This study revealed that methanolic extract of herba Anthrisc cerefolii contained phenolic acids and flavonoids, with 32 compounds being identified. Anti-glioblastoma activity was investigated in vitro using A172 glioblastoma cell line. The cytotoxic effects of the extract on A172 cells were compared to the same effect on primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells. Decreased rate of proliferation and changes in cell morphology were detected upon treatment of A172 cells with the extract. The antimicrobial activity of extract was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species. The extract was active against the tested bacterium and yeasts, inhibiting free floating cells and microbial biofilms. This study is the first one to provide a detailed description of the chemical profile of A. cerefolium extract dealing with scientific insights into its anti-glioblastoma and antimicrobial activities

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Cynara cardunculus extracts

The whole, fresh involucral bracts of cardoon, Cynara cardunculus L. (Compositae), were extracted with EtOH and an aqueous suspension of the obtained EtOH extract was partitioned successively with CHCl3, EtOAc and n-BuOH, leaving a residual water extract. All obtained extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using following in vitro methods: FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay, and scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Antimicrobial activity was estimated using a microdilution technique against food-borne, mycotoxin producers and human pathogenic bacteria and micromycetes. The following bacteria were tested: Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as micromycetes: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium ochrochloron, Penicillium funiculosum, Trichoderma viride, Fusarium tricinctum and Alternaria alternata. Results showed that all extracts possessed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. In biological assays, C. cardunculus extracts showed antimicrobial activity comparable with standard antibiotics.This is peer-reviewed version of the folowing article: Kukić, J.; Popović, V.; Petrović, S.; Mucaji, P.; Ćirić, A.; Stojković, D.; Soković, M. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Cynara Cardunculus Extracts. Food Chem. 2008, 107 (2), 861–868. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.09.005