54 research outputs found
The effect of simvastatin treatment on endothelial cell response to shear stress and tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulation
Useful pharmacodynamic endpoints in children: selection, measurement, and next steps.
Pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints are essential for establishing the benefit-to-risk ratio for therapeutic interventions in children and neonates. This article discusses the selection of an appropriate measure of response, the PD endpoint, which is a critical methodological step in designing pediatric efficacy and safety studies. We provide an overview of existing guidance on the choice of PD endpoints in pediatric clinical research. We identified several considerations relevant to the selection and measurement of PD endpoints in pediatric clinical trials, including the use of biomarkers, modeling, compliance, scoring systems, and validated measurement tools. To be useful, PD endpoints in children need to be clinically relevant, responsive to both treatment and/or disease progression, reproducible, and reliable. In most pediatric disease areas, this requires significant validation efforts. We propose a minimal set of criteria for useful PD endpoint selection and measurement. We conclude that, given the current heterogeneity of pediatric PD endpoint definitions and measurements, both across and within defined disease areas, there is an acute need for internationally agreed, validated, and condition-specific pediatric PD endpoints that consider the needs of all stakeholders, including healthcare providers, policy makers, patients, and families.Pediatric Research advance online publication, 11 April 2018; doi:10.1038/pr.2018.38
Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is not a single disease and can be subdivided into at least five different histological subtypes that have different identifiable risk factors, cells of origin, molecular compositions, clinical features and treatments. Ovarian cancer is a global problem, is typically diagnosed at a late stage and has no effective screening strategy. Standard treatments for newly diagnosed cancer consist of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. In recurrent cancer, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are used, and immunological therapies are currently being tested. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most commonly diagnosed form of ovarian cancer and at diagnosis is typically very responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, in addition to the other histologies, HGSCs frequently relapse and become increasingly resistant to chemotherapy. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms underlying platinum resistance and finding ways to overcome them are active areas of study in ovarian cancer. Substantial progress has been made in identifying genes that are associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), as well as a precursor lesion of HGSC called serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, which holds promise for identifying individuals at high risk of developing the disease and for developing prevention strategies
Water extraction and implications on soil moisture sensor placement in the root zone of banana
Salinomycin inhibits metastatic colorectal cancer growth and interferes with Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CD133+ human colorectal cancer cells
Lithological variability of the Kupferschiefer in depressions of the Weissliegend relief in the area of the Rudna and Sieroszowice copper deposits
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analiz przestrzennego zróżnicowania pionowego następstwa odmian litologicznych łupku miedzionośnego na obszarze trzech depresji stropu białego spągowca w granicach centralnej i północnej części złóż rud miedzi Rudna i Sieroszowice. Wyróżniono następujące odmiany litologiczne łupku: smolisty (ilasto-organiczny), ilasty i dolomityczny. W celu graficznej wizualizacji zmienności pionowych następstw wykonano zestawienia własnych profili litologicznych oraz profili pozyskanych z bazy danych KGHM wzdłuż 13 wyznaczonych linii przekrojowych. Próbki z profili własnych poddano analizie makroskopowej. Wyróżniono osiem typów pionowych następstw odmian litologicznych łupku, a następnie przeanalizowano częstość ich występowania wzdłuż linii przekrojowych i w poszczególnych strefach depresji. Na tej podstawie zarówno w profilach własnych, jak i kopalnianych stwierdzono najczęstsze sekwencje łupku smolistego z łupkiem dolomitycznym. W profilach przeanalizowanych przez autorkę dominowała sekwencja modelowa, zbudowana z łupku smolistego, ilastego i dolomitycznego oraz następstwo łupku smolistego i ilastego. Obecność takich profili stwierdzono wzdłuż czterech linii przekrojowych na obu skłonach Północnej Elewacji Rudnej, co wskazuje na lokalną zależność litologii od lokalizacji w obrębie depresji. Wystąpienia kilku profili z sekwencjami nietypowymi mogą sugerować większą zmienność warunków sedymentacji w usytuowanej najdalej w kierunku północno-wschodnim Depresji Tarnówka.The paper presents analyses of spatial diversity of the Kupferschiefer lithologies in the area of three top surface depressions of the Weissliegend relief in the central and northern part of the Rudna and Sieroszowice copper deposits. These are organic-rich (pitchy) shale, clay shale, and dolomitic shale. Sequences of author’s own lithological profiles and those received from the KGHM database were analyzed along 13 cross-section lines. Macroscopic studies were conducted on samples from author’s profiles. Eight types of lithological successions were distinguished and then the frequency of their occurrence along each cross-section and depression was analyzed. The most common sequence with organic-rich and dolomitic shale is observed both in author’s profiles as well as in the profiles received from the mine. In the profiles tested by the author, the dominant configurations were (1) organic-rich shale, clay shale and dolomitic shale (model sequence) and (2) organic-rich shale and clay shale. Such assemblages were observed in four cross-section lines on both slopes of the Northern Rudna Elevation, which suggests a local dependence between different lithological successions of shale and their location in the depression zones. Occurrences of a few profiles with non-standard shale sequences may suggest wider variability of sedimentation conditions in the north-easternmost Tarnówek Depression
Test methods for concrete impregnation agents
W 2006 r. została wprowadzona do stosowania w kraju norma PN-EN 1504-2, dotycząca systemów ochrony powierzchni betonu. Wymaganiami normy objęto dwie grupy wyrobów używanych do zabezpieczeń powierzchniowych betonu: preparaty do impregnacji oraz wyroby powłokowe. Omówiono właściwości użytkowe impregnowanego betonu zgodnie z wymaganiami nowej normy oraz scharakteryzowano powołane do kontroli tych właściwości metody badań.In 2006, the new standard concerning the systems of concrete surface protection was established in Poland. Two groups of products used for concrete surface protection were covered by the requirements of standard: agents for concrete impregnation and surface coatings. In paper, interpretation of this standard in the range of performance and test methods for impregnated concrete are presented
New approach of European standards to problems of concrete surface protection
Nowe przepisy dotyczące ochrony powierzchniowej betonu wynikają z dostosowania ich do norm europejskich. Zmiany objęły między innymi klasyfikację agresywnych chemicznie środowisk oraz szkodliwych oddziaływań na beton, definicje i określenia, wymagania techniczne oraz zasady i metody ochrony. W artykule przedstawiono ważniejsze aspekty nowego podejścia do wybranych zagadnień ochrony powierzchniowej betonu.New requirements in the field of surface protection of concrete result from adaptation of Polish regulations to European Union standards. Among others the changes include: corrosive mediums classification and their infuence on concrete, definitions and terms, technical requirements as well as the rules and methods of concrete protection. Paper presents the main aspects of new approach for chosen problems of concrete surface protection
Comparative tests of water vapour permeability through polymer coatings as an adaptation of test methods to the European standards requirements
Porównano metody badań przenikalności pary wodnej przez powłoki polimerowe według procedury ITB i według normy PN-EN. Podano także wyniki badań porównawczych przenikalności pary wodnej przez wybrane powłoki tego typu, wykonane zgodnie z procedurą ITB oraz zgodnie z normami PN-EN.Requirements for testing of water vapour permeability through polymer and paint coatings according to Polish test procedure No LO-4 and European Standards: EN 1931, EN ISO 7783-1, EN ISO 7783-2 are presented in the paper. It presents also several results of comparative tests of water vapour permeability through paint and polymer coatings carried out according to above mentioned procedure and European standards
- …