A water channel closely related to rat brain aquaporin 4 is expressed in acid- and pepsinogen-secretory cells of human stomach

AbstractWe isolated a cDNA clone encoding a water channel protein, aquaporin (AQP), from human stomach. The encoded protein consisted of 323 amino acid residues, containing six putative transmembrane domains. The protein was designated human aquaporin 4 (hAQP4) because of its 94% sequence similarity to rat brain AQP4. Expression of hAQP4 cRNA in Xenopus oocytes resulted in a significant increase in osmotic water permeability, indicating that this protein functions as a water channel. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a strong signal of hAQP4 mRNA in brain, lung, and skeletal muscle as well as in stomach. Immunohistochemical experiments with human stomach tissues showed that hAQP4 as a protein is expressed mainly in cells located in the glandular portion of the fundic mucosa. These include chief cells which secrete pepsinogen and parietal cells which secrete hydrochloric acid. These results strongly indicate that hAQP4 is a principal factor involved in the osmotic regulation of pepsinogen and acid secretion in the stomach

Coordinated regulation of hepatic and adipose tissue transcriptomes by the oral administration of an amino acid mixture simulating the larval saliva of Vespa species

Genes mapped on Fig. 3. (XLSX 13 kb

Cultural Transmission in a R&D sector and Business Cycle

The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between bounded rationality of the worker in a R&D sector and a business cycle. For this purpose, I propose the RBC model including the cultural transmission mechanism in a R&D sector which has something in common with Francois and Zabojnik (2005). In this paper, it is shown that a government’s financial support to the traditional sector and the developing sector are compatible at least the short-term effects. Futhermore, the paper highlits that a more eagerer government’s support to hardworking households leads to a more larger fluctuation of the business cycle

A reconsideration of the Ricardo’s debt neutrality in DSGE model

本稿の目的は，リカードの中立命題を成立させないようにするための条件について，いくつかの選択肢を比較し，それぞれの扱いやすさおよび妥当性について検討することである。とりわけ，近年のDSGEモデルにおいてしばしば用いられる「近視眼的家計」に対して，他のいくつかの代替案を提示する。本稿の分析を通して，家計の予算制約式に国債の調整コストを導入したDSGEモデルを用いることで，非中立性を実現できることがわかった。その一方で，近視眼的家計の導入は，その前提に関するいくつかの問題点を内包するものの，さらに「政府支出パズル」の解消も同時に実現できるという点において優位性を持つことが明らかとなった。The objective of this paper is to analyze the tractability and validity of the assumptions which violate the Ricardo’s debt neutrality. For this purpose, I propose the alternatives to the “rule of thumb consumers” which frequently employed in DSGE approach. In this paper, it is shown that non-neutrality will be established if an adjustment cost for bonds is introduced into consumer’s budget constraint. However, the assumption about the “rule of thumb consumers”, which imposing some severe constraints, is particularly useful when we try to solve the “fiscal pazzle”