John Donne's metaphors of self and empire: a cognitive analysis

Donne's strategies to win the authority of the 'domain' of love in his poetry are attempts to claim a personal domain for himself. This essay focuses on this personal domain in order to analyse the concept of self in Donne's poetry. Lakoff and Johnson's discussion about the basic metaphors embedded in our childhood by which we conceptualise the notion of self presents the cognitive bases of Donne's different metaphors of self. Significantly, as a poet of late Renaissance, Donne's metaphors have close association with imperial and colonial patterns. Combining insights from cognitive poetics and Edward Said's views about culture and imperialism, the writers try to look into the way the poet uses these metaphors to fashion a sense of communal/national identity. The essay will further focus on the multiple representations of self in Donne's poetry and the paradoxical signification of his identity

Investigating and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Technology Selection Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods in the National Iranian Petrochemical Company

Technology can be considered as the most important factor in changing human experiences. Much of the success of most top companies in the field of competition rests on innovative activities that often rely on technology. On the other hand, defining valid and reliable as well as measurable indicators is necessary in order to make the most accurate decision. This refers to the famous saying that anything that can be measured can be managed. Therefore, using various scientific sources, the present study seeks to identify indicators of appropriate technology selection and then, prioritize them using multi-criteria decision making methods in the National Iranian Petrochemical Company. For this purpose, first important factors have been identified by studying the research literature and utilizing experts’ opinion gathered and aggregated by Delphi method. Then, by these factors have been ranked by screening and final identification through a hybrid approach of TOPSIS and Shannon entropy. According to the obtained results, technology efficiency has the highest priority among the factors which shows that in technology with the highest level of efficiency must be transferred and used in petrochemical industry. The competitive effects of technology have the lowest priority which shows that it is the least impact for technology transfer in this industry, and it need less attention from the industry practitioners

Ljubav je imperij: Kognitivna analiza metafora imperija u ljubavnoj poeziji Johna Donnea

The poetry of John Donne is replete with elaborate metaphors. As the products of an age of nascent imperialism and colonization, the metaphors he uses to describe the concept of love demonstrate his deep preoccupation with the question of imperial domain. These metaphors have mostly been studied in the light of his political and religious tendencies. However, according to cognitive poetics as a recent literary discipline, these metaphors are windows across the way the poet understands different concepts. Lakoff and Johnson argue that the metaphor is not merely a linguistic matter, but our very conceptual system is fundamentally metaphorical, and we understand the world metaphorically. A cognitive poetic approach will help us reveal how the poet constructs his metaphors cognitively, what are the internal structures of his metaphors, and what are the interrelations between these metaphors and the ideologies of the time. By combining insights from cognitive poetics and Edward Said’s views about culture and imperialism, we can better understand the world of love Donne creates in his poetry and its relations with the world outside.Poezija Johna Donnea obiluje raskošnim metaforama. Kao proizvod razdoblja ranog imperijalizma i kolonizacije, metafore koje rabi za opisivanje koncepta ljubavi pokazuju Donneovu duboku preokupaciju pitanjem imperijalne vladavine. Te su metafore uglavnom proučavane u svjetlu Donneovih političkih i religijskih sklonosti. Međutim, sukladno postavkama nove discipline kognitivne poetike, te metafore pružaju uvid u način na koji pjesnik razumije različite pojmove. Lakoff i Johnson tvrde da metafora nije samo lingvistički fenomen, već da je naš konceptualni sustav u osnovi metaforičan te da svijet shvaćamo metaforički. Kognitivnopoetički pristup pomaže nam otkriti kako pjesnik kognitivno oblikuje svoje metafore, koje su unutarnje strukture njegovih metafora te koji su međusobni odnosi između tih metafora i ideologija određenog razdoblja. Kombiniranjem saznanja kognitivne poetike i postavki Edwarda Saida o kulturi i imperijalizmu možemo bolje razumjeti svijet ljubavi koji Donne stvara u svojoj poeziji i njegov odnos prema svijetu koji ga okružuje

Investigating the Effect of Modifying Aggregate Surface by Micronized Calcium Carbonate on Increasing the Moisture Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures

The adhesion between aggregate and asphalt binder in dry conditions, and the amount of its reduction in wet conditions are amongst fundamental indicators that moisture sensitivity amount of asphalt mixtures is dependent to. Among different methods to increase adhesion, modification of aggregates surface with anti-stripping materials is known as an effective method. Therefore, the effect of covering aggregates surface with micronized calcium carbonate as a proper and inexpensive anti-stripping material was investigated. Accordingly, in order to evaluate mixes, first, mechanical methods were used, and then thermodynamic methods were employed to determine the mechanism of the effect of calcium carbonate on increasing asphalt mix resistance to moisture damage. In order to conduct this research, three types of aggregates including limestone, granite, and quartzite, for their different degrees of hydrophilic, and two types of asphalt binder 60–70 and 85–100 were used to produce mixtures. Results obtained by mechanical methods show that modification of aggregates surface causes an increase in the tensile strength ratio (TSR) in the samples made by both two types of asphalt binder. In addition, results of surface free energy method indicate the increase of adhesion energy (except in granite samples) and reduction of debonding energy in all modified samples. Generally, evaluations conducted by the use of both methods show that covering aggregates by micronized calcium carbonate has a positive effect on reducing moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixes

Relationship Between Self-differentiation in Bowen's family Therapy and Psychological Health

AbstractFamily is a multi-dimensional structure that has particular intricacies in its internal relationships which should be taken into account in the family studies. Differentiation is one of these intricacies that Bowen has established his Family Therapy Theory upon it. This study is aimed to consider the relationship between self-differentiation and psychological health. This study is a correlation study and the statistical population includes the clients of counseling centers of Tabriz city. To collect data, we used Differentiation of Self Inventory-2 (DSI-2) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as instruments. Step by step Multiple Regression was used to analyze data. The findings indicates that there is a significantly positive relationship between self - differentiation and psychological health (P<0/001). Regarding to the findings, it could be concluded that those who apply appropriate Self-differentiation in their lives, they would have less psychological vulnerability comparing to the ones who lack Self-differentiation

Investigating the Effect of Metal Nanomaterials on the Moisture Sensitivity Process of Asphalt Mixes

One of the most common damages in asphalt mixes is the destructive effect of moisture on the binder cohesion and binder–aggregate adhesion which is called moisture damage. There are various methods to improve adhesion and reduce moisture damage in asphalt mixes. The most common of them is using an appropriate additive for binder modification. Accordingly, the current research was conducted to investigate the effect of two nanomaterials (Nano CuO, and Nano SnO2) in 2 different percentages on 2 types of aggregates (granite and limestone) and a type of base binder. In order to investigate the effect of nanomaterials, indirect tensile cyclic loading (the same as resilient modulus test) in dry and wet conditions and surface free energy (SFE) method were used. The moisture sensitivity indicator which shows stripping percentage of aggregate surface in loading cycles using SFE results and indirect tensile cyclic loading, has been considered as the moisture sensitivity indicator in this research. Results of mechanical tests used in this research show that nanomaterials have significantly increased asphalt mixes strength in comparison to control specimens. Results obtained from SFE method show that nanomaterials increase the cohesion free energy; this change causes a reduction in the possibility of failure in binder membrane. Additionally, nanoparticles have increased and reduced basic component and acidic component of SFE, respectively. This leads to improvement of their adhesion with acidic aggregates, which is sensitive to moisture damage

Investigating the Effect of Various Fillers on Cohesive Failure Mechanism in Asphalt Mixtures

In the current research attempts have been made to investigate the effect of various fillers on the resistance to mastic failure using mechanical and thermodynamic methods. Two types of granite and limestone aggregates with acidic and basic characteristics were used, respectively. Besides, four types of filler including calcium carbonate, hydrated lime, Portland cement and stone powder and two types asphalt binder PEN 60-70 and PEN 85-100 were used. Calcium carbonate and hydrated lime had the most effect and Portland cement and stone powder had the least effect on strength reduction. In addition, the results obtained by modified Lottman test showed that the use of hydrated lime and calcium carbonate increased resistance to moisture damage. The results of correlation coefficients show the necessity of using the effect of filler on cohesion free energy calculation in the surface free energy to investigate cohesion failure in different asphalt mixtures