Conceptual Design of a Solid State Telescope for Small scale magNetospheric Ionospheric Plasma Experiments

The present paper describes the design of a Solid State Telescope (SST) on board the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute satellite-1 (KASISat-1) consisting of four [TBD] nanosatellites. The SST will measure these radiation belt electrons from a low-Earth polar orbit satellite to study mechanisms related to the spatial resolution of electron precipitation, such as electron microbursts, and those related to the measurement of energy dispersion with a high temporal resolution in the sub-auroral regions. We performed a simulation to determine the sensor design of the SST using GEometry ANd Tracking 4 (GEANT4) simulations and the Bethe formula. The simulation was performed in the range of 100 ~ 400 keV considering that the electron, which is to be detected in the space environment. The SST is based on a silicon barrier detector and consists of two telescopes mounted on a satellite to observe the electrons moving along the geomagnetic field (pitch angle 0°) and the quasi-trapped electrons (pitch angle 90°) during observations. We determined the telescope design of the SST in view of previous measurements and the geometrical factor in the cylindrical geometry of Sullivan (1971). With a high spectral resolution of 16 channels over the 100 keV ~ 400 keV energy range, together with the pitch angle information, the designed SST will answer questions regarding the occurrence of microbursts and the interaction with energetic particles. The KASISat-1 is expected to be launched in the latter half of 2020

Reproduction of Gastric Cancer Prognostic Score by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay in an independent cohort

Purpose Addition of molecular markers to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system would allow further refinements in predicting recurrence and help individualize treatment decisions. We aimed to validate the Gastric Cancer Prognostic Score (GCPS) in an independent cohort using an easy and cost effective quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Methods We performed qRT-PCR using 48 samples from our previous study and expanded to 128 independent patients. The GCPS was recalculated using Cox regression estimates and the performance of cutoff values for GCPS was reassessed. Results The qRT-PCR results showed a similar pattern to nanostring data by scale function data comparison. Using a new cutoff value, GCPS stratified 95 stage IB–III patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy into 74 high-risk patients and 21 low-risk patients with significantly different recurrence-free survival (P< 0.0001). The survival difference remained significant (P= 0.028) in 27 patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Among stage I and II patients who were treated with surgery only, one AJCC stage IIA patient was defined as low-risk and showed long-term survival. Nine of 12 high-risk patients showed recurrence less than 67 months after operation. Conclusion We reproduced the GCPS with an easily applicable qRT-PCR assay and successfully predicted recurrence in patients with gastric cancer

Impact of Prior Statin Use on Reperfusion Rate and Stroke Outcomes in Patients Receiving Endovascular Treatment

Background: We evaluated the impact of prior statin use on successful reperfusion and stroke outcomes after endovascular treatment (EVT). Method: Using consecutive multicenter databases, we enrolled acute ischemic stroke patients receiving EVT between 2015 and 2021. Patients were classified into prior statin users and no prior statin users after a review of premorbid medications. The primary outcome measure was successful reperfusion defined as modified TICI grade 2b or 3 after EVT. Secondary outcome measures were early neurologic deterioration (END) and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 2. Results: Among 385 patients receiving EVT, 74 (19.2%) were prior statin users, who had a significantly higher successful reperfusion rate compared with no prior statin users (94.6% versus 78.8%, p = 0.002). Successful reperfusion and END occurrence were improved according to statin intensity with a dose–response relationship. In multivariate analysis, prior statin was associated with successful reperfusion after EVT (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 5.31 (1.67–16.86)). In addition, prior statin was associated with a lower occurrence of END and good functional status. Conclusion: Our study showed that prior statin use before ischemic stroke might improve successful reperfusion and stroke outcomes after EVT

Relaxation Effect of Synthetic Ceramide Analogues in Cat Esophageal Smooth Muscle Cells

Ceramide has emerged as a novel second messenger for intracellular signalling. It is produced from sphingomyelin and is involved in the control of cell differntiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. C2-ceramide, short chain ceramide, plays a role in mediating contraction of cat esophageal smooth muscle cells. We examined the effect of synthesized ceramide analogues on the C2-ceramide and ACh-induced contraction in esophageal smooth muscle cells isolated with collagenase. CY3523, CY3525, or CY3723 inhibited C2-ceramide induced contraction, in a time dependent manne. Each analogue also inhibited the contraction in concentration dependent manners. CY 3523, CY 3525, and CY 3723 had no effect to the contraction induced by PMA. The inhibition with CY3523, CY3525 and CY3723 on the C2-ceramide induced contraction was recovered by PMA. These analogues decreased the density of MAPK bands (p44/42 or p38) in the western blot. These results suggest that ceramide analogues can inhibit C2-ceramide induced contraction via PKC and MAPK dependent pathway

Mechanically derived short-range order and its impact on the multi-principal-element alloys

Chemical short-range order in disordered solid solutions often emerges with specific heat treatments. Unlike thermally activated ordering, mechanically derived short-range order (MSRO) in a multi-principal-element Fe40Mn40Cr10Co10 (at%) alloy originates from tensile deformation at 77 K, and its degree/extent can be tailored by adjusting the loading rates under quasistatic conditions. The mechanical response and multi-length-scale characterisation pointed to the minor contribution of MSRO formation to yield strength, mechanical twinning, and deformation-induced displacive transformation. Scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and the anlaysis of electron diffraction patterns revealed the microstructural features responsible for MSRO and the dependence of the ordering degree/extent on the applied strain rates. Here, we show that underpinned by molecular dynamics, MSRO in the alloys with low stacking-fault energies forms when loaded at 77 K, and these systems that offer different perspectives on the process of strain-induced ordering transition are driven by crystalline lattice defects (dislocations and stacking faults)

Efficient solar fuel production enabled by an iodide oxidation reaction on atomic layer deposited MoS2

Abstract Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as a half‐anodic reaction of water splitting hinders the overall reaction efficiency owing to its thermodynamic and kinetic limitations. Iodide oxidation reaction (IOR) with low thermodynamic barrier and rapid reaction kinetics is a promising alternative to the OER. Herein, we present a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) electrocatalyst for a high‐efficiency and remarkably durable anode enabling IOR. MoS2 nanosheets deposited on a porous carbon paper via atomic layer deposition show an IOR current density of 10 mA cm–2 at an anodic potential of 0.63 V with respect to the reversible hydrogen electrode owing to the porous substrate as well as the intrinsic iodide oxidation capability of MoS2 as confirmed by theoretical calculations. The lower positive potential applied to the MoS2‐based heterostructure during IOR electrocatalysis prevents deterioration of the active sites on MoS2, resulting in exceptional durability of 200 h. Subsequently, we fabricate a two‐electrode system comprising a MoS2 anode for IOR combined with a commercial Pt@C catalyst cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, the photovoltaic–electrochemical hydrogen production device comprising this electrolyzer and a single perovskite photovoltaic cell shows a record‐high current density of 21 mA cm–2 at 1 sun under unbiased conditions

Development of metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum for enhanced production of cadaverine and its use for the synthesis of bio-polyamide 510

Lysine decarboxylases (LDCs) from Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus saerimneri, Streptomyces coelicolor, Selemonas ruminantium, Hafnia alvei, and Vibrio vulnificus were examined for their ability to enhance the fermentative production of cadaverine in Corynebacterium glutamcium. Among these LDCs, the plasmid-based expression of the H. alvei LDC gene (ldcC(Ha)) under strong promoters (P-H30, P-H36) produced high concentrations of cadaverine (11.411.5 g/L), which is similar to 12.5 g/L of cadaverine produced by the plasmid-based expression of the E. coli LDC gene (ldcC(Ec)) by the PH30 promoter in our previous report. The production of cadaverine in batch (30.8 g/L) and fed-batch (93.7 g/L) fermentation cultures using recombinant strain Corynebacterium glutamicum H30HaLDC expressing plasmid-borne ldcC(Ha) under control of the PH30 promoter was 18 and 14% higher than that obtained using C. glutamicum P-H30 expressing plasmid-borne ldcC(Ec) under control of the PH30 promoter, in which production was only 26 and 82.2 g/L in batch and fed-batch cultures, respectively. Finally, C. glutamicum GH30HaLDC was constructed by integration of ldcC(Ha) into C. glutamicum PKC at the lysE site. C. glutamicum GH30HaLDC produced 125 g/L of cadaverine in fed-batch culture, which was 20% higher than the cadaverine production of 104 g/L by C. glutamicum G-H30 in our previous report. Cadaverine produced by fed-batch culture of C. glutamicum GH30HaLDC was purified and used for the synthesis of bio-based polyamide PA510 by copolymerization with sebacic acid. Synthesized PA510 showed thermal and material properties comparable to those of chemical-based PA510