Aspects of topology of condensates and knotted solitons in condensed matter systems

The knotted solitons introduced by Faddeev and Niemi is presently a subject of great interest in particle and mathematical physics. In this paper we give a condensed matter interpretation of the recent results of Faddeev and Niemi.Comment: v2: Added a reference to the paper E. Babaev, L.D. Faddeev and A.J. Niemi cond-mat/0106152 where an exact equivalence was shown between the two-condensate Ginzburg-Landau model and a version of Faddeev model. Miscelaneous links related to knotted solitons are available at the author homepage at http://www.teorfys.uu.se/PEOPLE/egor/ . Animations of knotted solitons by Hietarinta and Salo are available at http://users.utu.fi/h/hietarin/knots/c45_p2.mp

Spatial variability of microbial biomass and organic matter labile pools in a haplic planosol soil

The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of soil microbial biomass (SMB) and labile soil organic matter pools (labile SOM), under different management systems and plant cover. The experiment was conducted in a Haplic Planosol soil on an Integrated Agroecological Production System (SIPA), in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. The evaluated management systems were: alley cropping, pasture, and bush garden, the late one was used as reference area. Three grids of regular spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 meters were used for sampling, consisting of 25 georeferenced points each, where soil samples were taken at 0-10 cm depth. The following labile constituents of soil organic matter were determined: free light fraction (FLF), water soluble C and N, C and N of SMB (SMB-C and SMB-N), and glomalin content. The textural fractions (sand, silt, and clay), pH in water, and chemical attributes (organic C, total N, Ca, Mg, Al, P, K, and CEC-cation exchange capacity) were also determined. The areas of alley cropping and pasture showed spatial dependence to the attributes of SOM. The occurrence of high spatial dependence for the attributes associated to microbial biomass in the alley cropping system (C, FLF, SMB-N and respiration), probably was due to external factors related to management, such as: intensive rotational cropping system, diversity of crops and different inputs of organic matter to soil such as pruning material and organic compost

Atenção primária à saúde: diretrizes, desafios e recomendações. Revisão de bibliografia internacional Primary health care: guidelines, challenges and recommendations. A review of international literature

Apresentamos uma revisão de bibliografia internacional que teve por objetivo identificar e analisar a diversidade de temas associados à Atenção Primária à Saúde, especialmente o cotidiano de trabalho de seus profissionais, suas diretrizes e seus desafios políticos e clínicos. Analisamos os resumos de 105 artigos publicados entre 1999 e 2009. Selecionamos, para análise, 34 artigos identificados de acordo com critérios específicos. Criamos categorias temáticas e comparamos os dados com certa literatura brasileira sobre o tema. Os artigos centram-se no profissional de medicina e enfatizam a noção de medicina baseada em evidências. Abordam principalmente a implementação de diretrizes na Atenção Primária e as relações entre profissionais e usuários. Admitem a complexidade da Atenção Primária e a importância de aproximação à realidade dos pacientes. Entretanto, não abordam a intersetorialidade, não questionam radicalmente o especialismo curativista e não mencionam a promoção de cidadania, autonomia e cogestão junto aos usuários. Falam da necessidade de abordar problemas "humanos" nos níveis de implementação de diretrizes, encontro clínico etc., mas se mostram distanciados das ciências humanas.<br>We present a review of international literature, aiming at identifying and analyzing the diversity of themes associated to Primary Health Care. We focused on the characteristics of the work of health care personnel, its guidelines and its political and clinical challenges. We analyzed the abstracts of 105 articles published between 1999 and 2009. Then, we integrally read and analyzed 34 articles, creating thematic categories. We compared data to Brazilian literature on the subject. The articles focus on physician's work and emphasize the notion of evidence-based medicine. They mainly approach the implementation of guidelines to primary health care and the professional-patient relations. They acknowledge the complexity of Primary Care and the importance of patient-centered care. However, they do not mention integrated actions with other public policies. The authors do not radically overthrow the cure-centered specialism and they do not write about fostering patients' participation, autonomy and empowerment. They acknowledge the need to approach "human" issues at the levels of guidelines implementation, clinical practices etc. Nevertheless, in general, these authors are far from the social sciences