Survey the Status of Capital Market Liquidity in Financial Crisis

Liquidity is one of the desirable features of the competitive markets which can be defined as” the ability to buy and sell assets at the lowest possible cost and time. One of the key issues of investment is the amount of liquidity of assets. The present study have investigated the capital market liquidity in financial crisis. To this aim it has been investigated the capital market in two levels of in-company and out of company. The main objective of this study was to find the effect of the financial crisis on the liquidity of the stock market in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1388 to 1392. The main hypotheses of the research have been analyzed by econometric methods, software STATA, panel data, and in order to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the variables, multiple regression analysis was used. The findings of the present study shows a significant negative relationship between financial constraints and liquidity of the stock market. And also there is not any significant relationship between the financial crisis and liquidity. The average amount of the expected liquidity in times of crisis to the absence of crisis is only 0.006%. This difference is not significant

Psychometric feature of the child and parent versions of psychological inflexibility in pain scale (PIPS) in children with chronic pain and their parents

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the child and parent's version of psychological inflexibility in pain scale (PIPS) in the population of children with chronic pain and their parents. Methods: The sample consisted of 112 pairs of children and parents, selected through available sampling method from the Tehran Children's Hospitals. The PIPS questionnaire along with KIDScreen scale (to measure well-being), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (the Youth Self-Report (YSR)) (to measure negative mood) and Visual Analogous Scale (VAS) (to measure pain severity) was implemented on them. Results: The reliability results of PIPS showed that the Cronbach's alpha for the child and parent versions was 0.66 and 0.82, respectively. In addition, the rerun correlation of child and parent versions was significant and acceptable, ranging from 0.47 to 0.78. Moreover, the highest correlation between PIPS dimensions in two versions of the child and parent was 0.89 and 0.92, respectively. The convergent and divergent validity of the PIPS showed that this questionnaire had a negative and significant correlation with the KID Screen scale and had a positive and significant correlation with the CBCL, YSR and VAS. Conclusions: The results of the exploratory factor analysis of this questionnaire revealed new factors. The exploratory factor analysis of child version indicated four factors (the factors 1, 3 and 4 are related to avoidance, and factor 2 measures the fusion) and in the confirmation factor analysis, the good fitting of these new factors was confirmed

Pre- and post-treatment of α-Tocopherol on cognitive, synaptic plasticity, and mitochondrial disorders of the hippocampus in icv-streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer’s-like disease in male Wistar rat

ObjectiveMost dementia cases in the elderly are caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex, progressive neurological disease. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in rat’s results in aberrant brain insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction that impair cognition change neural plasticity, and eventually lead to neuronal death. The current study aims to define the neuroprotective action of alpha-tocopherol in enhancing mitochondrial function and the function of synapses in memory-impaired rats brought on by icv-STZ.MethodsMale Wistar rats were pre-treated with (α-Tocopherol 150 mg/kg) orally once daily for 7 days before and 14 days after being bilaterally injected with icv-STZ (3 mg/kg), while sham group rats received the same volume of STZ solvent. After 2 weeks of icv-STZ infusion, rats were tested for cognitive performance using a behaviors test and then were prepared electrophysiology recordings or sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological assays.ResultsThe cognitive impairment was significantly minimized in the behavioral paradigms for those who had taken α-Tocopherol. In the hippocampus of icv-STZ rat brains, α-Tocopherol ocopherol effectively prevented the loss of glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, lowered mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential, and also brought about a decrease in Aβ aggregation and neuronal death.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that by lowering neurobehavioral impairments caused by icv-STZ, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, α-Tocopherol enhanced intracellular calcium homeostasis and corrected neurodegenerative defects in the brain. These findings examine the available approach for delaying AD connected to mitochondrial malfunction and plasticity issues

Clinical array-based karyotyping of breast cancer with equivocal HER2 status resolves gene copy number and reveals chromosome 17 complexity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>HER2 </it>gene copy status, and concomitant administration of trastuzumab (Herceptin), remains one of the best examples of targeted cancer therapy based on understanding the genomic etiology of disease. However, newly diagnosed breast cancer cases with equivocal HER2 results present a challenge for the oncologist who must make treatment decisions despite the patient's unresolved HER2 status. In some cases both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence <it>in situ </it>hybridization (FISH) are reported as equivocal, whereas in other cases IHC results and FISH are discordant for positive versus negative results. The recent validation of array-based, molecular karyotyping for clinical oncology testing provides an alternative method for determination of HER2 gene copy number status in cases remaining unresolved by traditional methods.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the current study, DNA extracted from 20 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from newly diagnosed cases of invasive ductal carcinoma referred to our laboratory with unresolved HER2 status, were analyzed using a clinically validated genomic array containing 127 probes covering the HER2 amplicon, the pericentromeric regions, and both chromosome 17 arms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis of chromosome 17 resolved HER2 gene status in [20/20] (100%) of cases and revealed additional chromosome 17 copy number changes in [18/20] (90%) of cases. Array CGH analysis also revealed two false positives and one false negative by FISH due to "ratio skewing" caused by chromosomal gains and losses in the centromeric region. All cases with complex rearrangements of chromosome 17 showed genome-wide chromosomal instability.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results illustrate the analytical power of array-based genomic analysis as a clinical laboratory technique for resolution of HER2 status in breast cancer cases with equivocal results. The frequency of complex chromosome 17 abnormalities in these cases suggests that the two probe FISH interphase analysis is inadequate and results interpreted using the HER2/CEP17 ratio should be reported "with caution" when the presence of centromeric amplification or monosomy is suspected by FISH signal gains or losses. The presence of these pericentromeric copy number changes may result in artificial skewing of the HER2/CEP17 ratio towards false negative or false positive results in breast cancer with chromosome 17 complexity. Full genomic analysis should be considered in all cases with complex chromosome 17 aneusomy as these cases are likely to have genome-wide instability, amplifications, and a poor prognosis.</p

Exome-first Approach Identified Novel Homozygous Dedicator of Cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) Mutations in Three Unrelated Iranian Pedigrees Suspected with Hyper-IgE Syndrome

The prevalence of primary immunodeficiency (PID) is rather high in Iran compared to the world average, mainly due to the high rate of consanguineous marriage. Despite that, little genetic information is available about primary immunodeficiencies in Iran. Autosomal recessive hyper IgE syndrome (AR-HIES) is a severe type of immunodeficiency, mainly caused by mutations in the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8). Rapid and precise diagnoses of patients suffering from AR-HIES can help to manage the patients and reach properly the treatment decision. However, in regions with low financial resources and limited expertise, deep phenotyping is uncommon. Therefore, an exome-first approach is helpful to make a genetic-based diagnosis. In the present study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied to detect causative mutations in three unrelated primary immunodeficient patients with poor clinical information. One of the cases was a deceased patient with suspected hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) whose parents were subjected to WES. As a result, three novel pathogenic variants were detected in the DOCK8 gene, including two splicing sites (c.4241+1G>T and c.4886+1G>T) and one-stop-gain (c.4201G>T, p.Glu1401Ter) variants. Sanger sequencing confirmed the mutations' segregation in corresponding families. Further immunological investigations confirmed that HIES in the studied probands. The presence of frontal bossing and broad nose in one of the studied cases, in addition to the typical clinical presentation of DOCK8-AR-HIES, is notable. This work suggests that an exome-first approach can be a valuable alternative strategy for precise diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency patients.status: publishe