The use of green tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) as a phytogenic substance in poultry diets

This review examined the use of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in the diets of poultry. Research findings were obtained from various recent studies, where much attention was focused on the role of green tea in the promotion of both animal and human health. The review involved some of the currently available information about green tea, pertaining to its chemical composition, anticoccidial and antimicrobial effect, effect on broiler and layer performance and on blood and egg yolk constituents. To the author’s knowledge this is the first review paper on this topic. It will be helpful for poultry nutritionists and the poultry industry, although more detailed studies are still needed to elucidate the effects of green tea in poultry nutrition under various circumstances

PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES OF DALBERGIA SISSO ROXB.

Objective: Present study was aimed to standardize the leaves, pods, and bark of Dalbergia sisso Roxb (Fabaceae) plant which is one of the most important species of Pakistan and used in different ailments.Methods: Powders of dried parts of this plant were used for macroscopic and microscopic, histological, fluorescence, micro chemical, proximate, infra-red spectroscopic examinations and extract were used for preliminary phytochemical examination. These entire tests were performed as per World Health Organization (WHO) standards.Results: In preliminary phytochemical analysis D. sisso carbohydrates, alkaloids, and tannins were detected in the pod while leaves contain carbohydrates alkaloids and flavonoids. The different cellular structure provides the basis of different parts identifications like stomata in leave (A), schlerides in pods (B) and tissues in bark (C) parts of the powdered plant. Proximate analysis showed the high level of moisture content and ash values of A, B and C samples. The fluorescence behavior of powdered material of A, B and C revealed the coloration of these samples under different wavelength. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) established the spectrum include aromatic and aldehyde based functional groups for the all three powdered samples of D. sisso Roxb.Conclusion: This research work was performed for the standardization of the plant D. sisso Roxb. as per WHO recommendations and we established the proper identification profile of the plant and its parts

Rast, sastav mesa i krvni pokazatelji kod prve generacije novih hibrida pilića i njihovih križanih roditelja.

A total of 2000 un-sexed day-old chicks of FIRI (Fayoumi male x RIR female), RLH (White Leghorn male x F1 female (Fayoumi male x RIR female) and RLH-G1 (generation one of RLH) chickens were obtained from the hatchery of the Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. The chickens of each crossbred were divided into 5 groups as replicates under a completely randomized design, so that there were 400 chickens in each replicate. The birds were maintained on a deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. The results showed that the average day-old weight was highest in RLH, intermediate in RLH-G1and lowest in FIRI chickens. The RLH-G1chickens consumed less (P0.05) dressing %age was observed in FIRI (62.60) followed by RLH (62.10) and RLH-G1 (61.98) chickens. The breast and thigh meat composition had a non-significant (P>0.05) difference of all crossbred chickens. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) difference in haematological values between all crossbred chickens. The total erythrocyte number, Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) increased with the advancement of age. However, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values decreased gradually with the advancement of age. It may be concluded that RLH and RLHG1crossbred chickens gained better body weight than FIRI chickens, with lower mortality. The first generation of RLH showed better FCR than RLH and FIRI crossbred chickens.U radu je korišteno ukupno 2000 jednodnevnih pilića, neodređenog spola, dobivenih iz valionice Instituta za istraživanje peradi u Ravalpindiju. S obzirom na roditelje, pilići su imali oznake FIRI (Fayoumi mužjaci x RIR ženke), RLH (mužjaci bijelog leghorna x F1 ženke (Fayoumi mužjaci x RIR ženke) i RLH-G1 (prva generacija RLH). Metodom slučajnog izbora pilići su podijeljeni u 5 skupina po 400 jedinki u svakoj skupini. Tijekom razdoblja od 20 tjedana, primijenjen je sustav držanja pilića na dubokoj prostirci. Rezultati su pokazali da je prosječna masa jednodnevnih pilića najveća u skupini RLH, zatim slijede pilići u RLH-G1, te pilići s najnižom prosječnom masom iz FIRI skupine. Pilići iz RLH-G1 skupine konzumirali su manje (P0,05) opažen je u skupini FIRI (62,60 %) pilića, slijedili su pilići RLH (62,10 %) i RLH-G1 (61,98 %) skupina. Sastav mesa prsa i bataka nije se signifikantno razlikovao (P>0,05) između pilića križanaca. Također, nesignifikantne (P>0,05) razlike između pilića utvrđene su i za sve krvne pokazatelje. Ukupni broj eritrocita, hemoglobin i hematokrit rasli su s porastom dobi pilića, dok su sedimentacija, prosječni volumen i prosječni hemoglobin eritrocita s porastom dobi postupno opadali. Može se zaključiti da su pilići križanci RLH i RLH-G1 skupina imali bolji prirast tjelesne mase u odnosu na piliće FIRI skupine koji su imali manju smrtnost. Prva generacija pilića iz RLH skupine pokazala je bolji FCR prirast nego pilići križanci RLH i FIRI skupina

Rast, sastav mesa i krvni pokazatelji kod prve generacije novih hibrida pilića i njihovih križanih roditelja.

A total of 2000 un-sexed day-old chicks of FIRI (Fayoumi male x RIR female), RLH (White Leghorn male x F1 female (Fayoumi male x RIR female) and RLH-G1 (generation one of RLH) chickens were obtained from the hatchery of the Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. The chickens of each crossbred were divided into 5 groups as replicates under a completely randomized design, so that there were 400 chickens in each replicate. The birds were maintained on a deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. The results showed that the average day-old weight was highest in RLH, intermediate in RLH-G1and lowest in FIRI chickens. The RLH-G1chickens consumed less (P0.05) dressing %age was observed in FIRI (62.60) followed by RLH (62.10) and RLH-G1 (61.98) chickens. The breast and thigh meat composition had a non-significant (P>0.05) difference of all crossbred chickens. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) difference in haematological values between all crossbred chickens. The total erythrocyte number, Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) increased with the advancement of age. However, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values decreased gradually with the advancement of age. It may be concluded that RLH and RLHG1crossbred chickens gained better body weight than FIRI chickens, with lower mortality. The first generation of RLH showed better FCR than RLH and FIRI crossbred chickens.U radu je korišteno ukupno 2000 jednodnevnih pilića, neodređenog spola, dobivenih iz valionice Instituta za istraživanje peradi u Ravalpindiju. S obzirom na roditelje, pilići su imali oznake FIRI (Fayoumi mužjaci x RIR ženke), RLH (mužjaci bijelog leghorna x F1 ženke (Fayoumi mužjaci x RIR ženke) i RLH-G1 (prva generacija RLH). Metodom slučajnog izbora pilići su podijeljeni u 5 skupina po 400 jedinki u svakoj skupini. Tijekom razdoblja od 20 tjedana, primijenjen je sustav držanja pilića na dubokoj prostirci. Rezultati su pokazali da je prosječna masa jednodnevnih pilića najveća u skupini RLH, zatim slijede pilići u RLH-G1, te pilići s najnižom prosječnom masom iz FIRI skupine. Pilići iz RLH-G1 skupine konzumirali su manje (P0,05) opažen je u skupini FIRI (62,60 %) pilića, slijedili su pilići RLH (62,10 %) i RLH-G1 (61,98 %) skupina. Sastav mesa prsa i bataka nije se signifikantno razlikovao (P>0,05) između pilića križanaca. Također, nesignifikantne (P>0,05) razlike između pilića utvrđene su i za sve krvne pokazatelje. Ukupni broj eritrocita, hemoglobin i hematokrit rasli su s porastom dobi pilića, dok su sedimentacija, prosječni volumen i prosječni hemoglobin eritrocita s porastom dobi postupno opadali. Može se zaključiti da su pilići križanci RLH i RLH-G1 skupina imali bolji prirast tjelesne mase u odnosu na piliće FIRI skupine koji su imali manju smrtnost. Prva generacija pilića iz RLH skupine pokazala je bolji FCR prirast nego pilići križanci RLH i FIRI skupina

Isolated ligamentum flavum ossification in primary hypoparathyroidism

Basckground: The ligamenta flava can undergo ossification and calcification resulting in myelopathy. Only seven cases of ligamentumflavum ossification in association with hypoparathyroidism have been reported, most of which had concurrent osseous changes in other spinal ligaments. Here, we report a patient with hypoparathyroidism who presented ith ligamentum flavum ossification causing both cervical and thoracic myelopathy. Case description: A 43-year-old male presented with backache, urinary retention, and lower limb weakness for the last few days. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical and thoracic regions, with severe spinal stenosis. Following spinal decompressive surgery, the patient made a complete recovery. Primary hypoparathyroidism was found to be the underlying cause for ligamentum flavum ossification. Conclusion: Ossification of ligamentum flavum secondary to hypoparathyroidism should be considered as a possible cause of myelopathy in all patients presenting with symptoms of spinal cord compression

Stent Fracture after Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation

Compared with bare-metal stents, drug-eluting stents (DES) have greatly reduced the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) by inhibiting neointimal growth. Nevertheless, DES are still prone to device failure, which may lead to cardiac events. Recently, stent fracture (SF) has emerged as a potential mechanism of DES failure that is associated with ISR. Stent fracture is strongly related to stent type, and prior reports suggest that deployment of sirolimus eluting stents (SES) may be associated with a higher risk of SF compared to other DES. Everolimus eluting stents (EESs) represent a new generation of DES with promising results. The occurrence of SF with EES has not been well established. The present paper describes two cases of EES fracture associated with ISR

Učinak duljine skladištenja na kvalitetu jaja i valivost kokoši Rhode Island Red.

In this research study, hatchability results and some internal egg quality characteristics of 0, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 d stored eggs in RIR were examined. It was determined that the effect of storage time on hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs, embryonic mortality, chick weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh unit was significant (P<0.05). There was no positive or negative effect of storage time on the fertility rates, but there was a negative effect of storage time on egg weight, hatchability, embryonic development and chick weight on d 3 (P<0.05). It was determined that prolonged storage time caused a decrease in the albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh unit value of Rhode Island Red eggs. Rhode Island Red eggs should not be stored more than 3 d.U radu su istraženi valivost i karakteristike jaja pasmine Rhode Island Red u uvjetima različite duljine skladištenja od 0, 2, 3, 5, 7 i 9 dana. Duljina skladištenja statistički je značajno (P<0,05) utjecala na valivost, valivost oplođenih jaja, smrtnost embrija, masu pilića, masu bjelanjka, masu žumanjka, indeks bjelanjka, indeks žumanjka te na vrijednost Haughove jedinice. Nije utvrđen ni pozitivan ni negativan učinak duljine skladištenja na stopu plodnosti, ali je duljina skladištenja od 3 dana značajno utjecala (P<0,05) na masu jaja, valivost, razvoj embrija i masu pilića. Ustanovljeno je da u jaja Rhode Island Red kokoši produženo vrijeme skladištenja dovodi do smanjenja mase bjelanjka, mase žumanjka, indeksa bjelanjka, indeksa žumanjka i vrijednost Haughove jedinice. Zaključeno je da jaja kokoši Rhode Island Red ne bi trebalo skladištiti dulje od 3 dana

YPFS Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview with Sohail Khan

Suggested Citation Form: Khan, Sohail, 2020. “Lessons Learned Interview. Interview by Steven H. Kasoff and Matt A. Lieber. Yale Program on Financial Stability Lessons Learned Oral History Project. December 18, 2020. Transcript. https://ypfs.som.yale.edu/library/ypfs-lesson-learned-oral-history-project-interview-sohail-kha

UTILIZATION OF APPLE PEELS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLANT CELL-WALL DEGRADING ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS MS16

ABSTRACT Apple (Malusdomesticaborkh) is one of the popular fruit with an annual global production of several million tones. The use of apple in food production industry led to the generation of huge waste materials in the form of peels and pomace. Owing to the high amounts of lignocellulosics present in the wastes, these can be served as substrate for the production of plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (CWDE). The present study describes the potential of an indigenously isolated strain of Aspergillusfumigatusto produce plant CWDE using apple peels under submerged as well solid-state fermentation. It was observed that the strain was able to produce higher activity of pectinase and xylanase under both the types of fermentation at 30 o as well as at 40 o C. While less titers of filter paperase, endoglucanase, -glucosidase was obtained. However, the production of plant CWDE was influenced when the apple peels were supplemented with carboxymethyl cellulose, xylan, pectin and lactose. Interestingly, a structurally irrelevant substrate, lactose, acted as inducer, particularly for the production of pectinase

Erectile dysfunction: prevalence, risk factors and involvement of antihypertensive drugs intervention

Purpose: To explore the literature regarding prevalance, risk factors and the involvement of antihypertensive drugs in erectile dysfunction (ED).Methods: Original research articles, reviews, editorials and case reports published in English language on the prevalence of sexual/erectile dysfunction in hypertensive men taking antihypertensive drugs and risk factors were identified through a search of four bibliographic databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and EBSCO Health.Results: Recent analyses suggest that hypertensive men of almost all age groups suffer from ED but it is more prevalent in elderly male patients. The involvement of β-blockers was found to be controversial. Nevertheless, some evidence had been found regarding the use of propranolol in high doses.Conclusion: The present review indicates the need for research to unravel the role of β-blockers in the manifestation of ED in hypertensive males, whom there are no contributory factors such as sedentary lifestyle, aging, stress and anxiety, etc.Keywords: Hypertension, Antihypertensive drugs, β-Blockers, Propranolol, Erectile dysfunction, Life style, Risk factor