Effect of Bisphosphonates on Anodized and Heatâ Treated Titanium Surfaces: An Animal Experimental Study

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141247/1/jper1035.pd

Sulforaphane Increases Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, p21 Protein in Human Oral Carcinoma Cells and Nude Mouse Animal Model to Induce G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest

Previously, our group reported that sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring chemopreventive agent from cruciferous vegetables, effectively inhibits the proliferation of KB and YD-10B human oral squamous carcinoma cells by causing apoptosis. In this study, treatment of 20 and 40 µM of SFN for 12 h caused a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Cell cycle arrest induced by SFN was associated with a significant increase in the p21 protein level and a decrease in cyclin B expression, but there was no change in the cyclin A protein level. In addition, SFN increased the p21 promoter activity significantly. Furthermore, SFN induced p21 protein expression in a nude mouse xenograft model suggesting that SFN is a potent inducer of the p21 protein in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. These findings show that SFN is a promising candidate for molecular-targeting chemotherapy against human oral squamous cell carcinoma

Proteomic analysis of pregnancy-related proteins from pig uterus endometrium during pregnancy

Many important molecular events associated with implantation and development occur within the female reproductive tract, especially within the uterus endometrium, during pregnancy periods. The endometrium includes the mucosal lining of the uterus, which provides a suitable site for implantation and development of a fertilized egg and fetus. To date, the molecular cascades in the uterus endometrium during pregnancy periods in pigs have not been elucidated fully. In this study, we compared the functional regulated proteins in the endometrium during pregnancy periods with those in non-pregnant conditions and investigated changes in expression patterns during pregnancy (days 40, 70, and 93) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and western blotting. The functional regulated proteins were identified and discovered from differentially expressed proteins in the uterus endometrium during pregnancy. We discovered 820 protein spots in a proteomic analysis of uterus endometrium tissues with 2-DE gels. We identified 63 of the 98 proteins regulated differentially among non-pregnant and pregnant tissues (matched and unmatched spots). Interestingly, 10 of these 63 proteins are development-, cytoskeleton- and chaperon-related proteins such as transferrin, protein DJ-1, transgelin, galectin-1, septin 2, stathmin 1, cofilin 1, fascin 1, heat shock protein (HSP) 90β and HSP 27. The specific expression patterns of these proteins in the endometrium during pregnancy were confirmed by western blotting. Our results suggest that the expressions of these genes involved in endometrium function and endometrium development from early to late gestation are associated with the regulation of endometrium development for maintaining pregnancy

Bromo-honaucin A inhibits osteoclastogenic differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells via Akt and ERK signaling pathways

Osteoclasts are unique bone remodeling cells derived from multinucleated myeloid progenitor cells. They play homeostatic vital roles in skeletal modeling and remodeling but also destroy bone masses in many pathological conditions such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Receptor activation of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential to osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of bromo-honaucin A (Br-H A) isolated from Leptolyngbya crossbyana (cyanobacterium). To investigate the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of Br-H A on osteoclastogenesis, we employed Br-H Ain RANKL-treated murine monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cells for osteoclastic differentiation in-vitro. The inhibitory effects on in-vitro osteoclastogenesis was evaluated by counting the number of Tartarate resistant acid phospatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells and by measuring the expression level of osteoclast-specific genes like matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), cathepsin K (CATH K), GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (GAB2), c-terminal myc kinase (C-MYC), C-terminal Src kinase (C-SRC) and Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, Br-H A blocked the resorbing capacity of RAW 264.7 cells on calcium phosphate-coated plates. Finally, Br-H A clearly decreased the expression of Akt and also decreased the activation of ERK. Thus, the study identifies Br-H A as potent inhibitor potentialin the treatment of diseases involving abnormal bone lysis such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal bone degradation

Kalkitoxin Reduces Osteoclast Formation and Resorption and Protects against Inflammatory Bone Loss

Osteoclasts, bone-specified multinucleated cells produced by monocyte/macrophage, are involved in numerous bone destructive diseases such as arthritis, osteoporosis, and inflammation-induced bone loss. The osteoclast differentiation mechanism suggests a possible strategy to treat bone diseases. In this regard, we recently examined the in vivo impact of kalkitoxin (KT), a marine product obtained from the marine cyanobacterium Moorena producens (previously Lyngbya majuscula), on the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated in vitro osteoclastogenesis and inflammation-mediated bone loss. We have now examined the molecular mechanism of KT in greater detail. KT decreased RANKL-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-multinucleated cells at a late stage. Likewise, KT suppressed RANKL-induced pit area and actin ring formation in BMM cells. Additionally, KT inhibited several RANKL-induced genes such as cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), TRAP, and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). In line with these results, RANKL stimulated both genes and protein expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1), and this was also suppressed by KT. Moreover, KT markedly decreased RANKL-induced p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK pathways at different time points. As a result, KT prevented inflammatory bone loss in mice, such as bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoclast differentiation markers. These experiments demonstrated that KT markedly inhibited osteoclast formation and inflammatory bone loss through NFATc1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Therefore, KT may have potential as a treatment for destructive bone diseases

Kalkitoxin: A Potent Suppressor of Distant Breast Cancer Metastasis

Bone metastasis resulting from advanced breast cancer causes osteolysis and increases mortality in patients. Kalkitoxin (KT), a lipopeptide toxin derived from the marine cyanobacterium Moorena producens (previously Lyngbya majuscula), has an anti-metastatic effect on cancer cells. We verified that KT suppressed cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and in animal models in the present study. We confirmed that KT suppressed osteoclast-soup-derived MDA-MB-231 cell invasion in vitro and induced osteolysis in a mouse model, possibly enhancing/inhibiting metastasis markers. Furthermore, KT inhibits CXCL5 and CXCR2 expression, suppressing the secondary growth of breast cancer cells on the bone, brain, and lungs. The breast-cancer-induced osteolysis in the mouse model further reveals that KT plays a protective role, judging by micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. We report for the first time the novel suppressive effects of KT on cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and on MDA-MB-231-induced bone loss in vivo. These results suggest that KT may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis

Differential cell death induced by salsolinol with and without copper: Possible role of reactive oxygen species

Salsolinol (SAL), a novel dopaminergic catechol tetrahydroisoquinoline neurotoxin, has been speculated to contribute to the etiology of Parkinson's disease and neuropathology of chronic alcoholism. Our previous studies have demonstrated that SAL induces strand scission in oX174 supercoiled DNA and oxidative base modification in calf thymus DNA in the presence of cupric ion. We now report that treatment of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells with SAL causes reduced viability, which was exacerbated by Cu2+. The copper chelator bathocuproinedisulfonic acid ameliorated cytotoxicity induced by SAL and Cu2+. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and reduced glutathione protected against SAL- plus Cu2+-mediated PC12 cell death. Cells exposed to SAL underwent apoptosis, as revealed by characteristic morphological and biochemical changes. SAL treatment resulted in increased levels of Bax with a concomitant decrease in expression of Bcl-X-L. Furthermore, SAL rapidly activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, whereas the activity of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase remained unchanged. Transfection with Bcl-X-L or Bcl-2 led to protection against SAL-mediated PC12 cell death. Although SAL alone could cause apoptotic death in PC12 cells, cells treated with SAL together with Cu2+ became necrotic. Cells exposed to both SAL and Cu2+ exhibited higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine than did those treated with SAL alone. These results suggest that copper accelerates redox cycling of SAL, leading to massive production of reactive oxygen species, which can divert the SAL-induced cell death to necrosis