Evaluation of lipid profile and apolipoproteins in cord blood from Tribal and nontribal population of Udaipur region, India

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in India. The important factor associated is dyslipidemia. A strong relationship has been seen in epidemiological studies between cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. The present study was planned to analyze cord blood lipid profile, apolipoproteins and atherogenic index in tribal and nontribal population and compare them gender wise.Methods: Our study group consisted of 250 healthy full-term newborn. The cord blood was collected immediately after a normal delivery. The blood was tested to determine lipid profile, apolipoproteins and atherogenic index. Results: The results showed that the levels of lipid profile, apolipoproteins and ratio (TC/HDL, TC/LDL, HDL/LDL, and LDL/HDL) were higher in non-tribal population than tribal ones. Gender wise comparison revealed higher levels in male non-tribal neonates as compared to female non-tribal neonates. The apolipoproteinB and Atherogenic index (ApoB/ApoA-1) were higher in females than male non-tribal neonates in cord blood. The trends were reversed in the tribal population.Conclusions: The result concluded that tribal and non-tribal population, also female and male neonates have genetic variation and difference in lipid metabolism

Association of antithrombin-III and platelet count with pregnancy induced hypertension

Preeclampsia is referred to as the “disease of the theories” because of the multiple hypotheses proposed to explain its occurrence. Despite considerable research, the causes of preeclampsia remain unclear. It is multifactorial in nature and recent research has focused on the measurements of various prothrombotic markers for detection of latent clotting pathway activation. This study was undertaken to determine the changes in the levels of plasma Antithrombin -III (AT-III) and platelet count in preeclamptic women and its comparison with healthy non-pregnant women and normal pregnant womenand its correlation with severity of disease in order to evaluate if it can be used as a marker for severity of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). This is the case-control hospital based study carried in the Department of Biochemistry M.G.M. Medical College and associated M.Y. Hospital. Indore (M.P.). 40 women with preeclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy constituted the study group. The study group was further divided into two subgroups as mild and severe preeclampsia. Age and gestational age matched 23 healthy non –pregnant and 28 normal pregnant women were taken as a control group. There were no significant differences among the three groups in age and body mass index (BMI) but significantly higher differences in gestational age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed. When compared with control groups (healthy non-pregnant and normal pregnant women), the levels of AT-III in preeclamptic group was significantly lower. Although there was no significant difference in the levels of AT-III between healthy non-pregnant and normal pregnant women. The platelet count between healthy non-pregnant and normal pregnant women showed statistically significant difference whereas statistically higher significant difference was observed when comparison was done between healthy non-pregnant women and preeclamptic women and normal pregnant women and preeclamptic women. It was concluded from the study that the reduction of platelet count and AT-III are the main predictors to predict and monitor the severity of the condition

Evaluation of serum lactate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transferase in preeclamptic pregnancy and its comparison with normal pregnancy in third trimester

Background: Preeclampsia affects about 5-8% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Evidences prove that endothelial cell and altered endothelial cell function play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Therefore serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) are the useful biochemical markers reflecting the severity of the occurrence of preeclampsia. The objective was todetermine serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as biochemical markers in preeclamptic pregnant women and its comparison with normal pregnant women in third trimester.Methods: This is the case-control hospital based study carried in the Department of Biochemistry M.G.M. Medical College and associated M.Y. Hospital. Indore (M.P.). Normal pregnant women (n=48), women with preeclampsia (n=53) were included in the study. Both the groups were in their third trimester and of same age and same gestational age. Preeclamptic group was further divided into two subgroups mild (n=36) and severe (n=17) preeclampsia. Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups in age and body mass index but significantly higher differences in gestational age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed. Higher values of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were found in mild and severe preeclamptic women than those of normal pregnant women in third trimester but the values of serum LDH was significantly elevated in severe preeclamptic women when comparison was done between mild and severe preeclamptic women. Serum GGT was significantly higher among all the groups.Conclusion: Elevated levels of serum LDH and serum GGT indicates the tissue damage related to endothelial vascular damage and are the main cause of the occurrence of preeclampsia.

Introducing and assessment of FAIR principles of education in teaching biochemistry to I year MBBS students

Background: Recent curriculum is theory based where students just mug up and reproduce in exam with less understanding. It is Exam and marks oriented education. Students show less interest in classes. Presently FAIR (Feedback, Active learning, Individual learning and Relevance) principles of application are practically missing, according to this model students will be naturally motivated to learn. Students will take more responsibility for their own learning. By applying these principles we will improve the effectiveness and efficiency of learning and enhancing learning among students. The objective was to design an effective educational strategy using certain principles of education such as FAIR.Methods: The first batch of the Integrated Curriculum students of the I MBBS program formed the study population. Certain principles of education such as Feedback, Active learning, Individualization of learning and relevance that have been advocated for use to enhance learning, were applied in educational strategies for the implementation of the Integrated Curriculum.Results: By Implementing the FAIR model of integrated curriculum the scores obtained during evaluation and the positive student response validated the enhancement of learning objectively and subjectively.Conclusions: Our collective experience convinced us that designing a curriculum with FAIR model was well worth. 95% students felt it is advantageous with negative perception 35% of students, they felt lengthy and time consuming

A NUTRITIONAL STUDY OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL CHILDREN IN THE UDAIPUR REGION

Objective: There is an evidence that nutrition has a significant impact on children’s development, adult health, and senescence. It is also known to have an impact on one’s physical and mental faculties. Malnutrition is now understood to be the root cause of a significant variety of health issues. To compare the nutritional condition of 300 (tribal and nontribal) children living in the Udaipur region, a dietary survey was conducted. Methods: In the present study, 300 tribal and non-tribal children between the ages of 1 and 12 were chosen for a dietary survey to evaluate their nutritional status. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Results and Conclusion: The statistics between tribal and non-tribal children showed that calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake was lower in the tribal children. When we compared the data between tribal and non-tribal children, we found that the non-tribal children’s calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake was not superior. Ascorbic acid and B-carotene intake among non-tribals is also less than that advised by the ICMR and is approximately twice as low as that among their tribal counterparts. The statistics on tribal and non-tribal children made it abundantly evident that nutritional intake is low that consumption of fat among dense nutrients is significantly lower and that intake of antioxidant nutrients such as ascorbic acid and beta-carotene is similarly poor

Synthesis and characterization of carbamates derivatives from 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole

Carbamate derivatives are proved to be an essential class of molecules because of their application as drugs and prodrugs. Their several derivatives also have been used to craft the drug-target interfaces by incorporating the carbamate moiety. Due to the huge demand in pharma-industries these have been extensively explored and synthesized. The synthesis and characterization of carbamate derivatives from 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and 3-(methylthio)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles are described. Carbamate derivatives of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles with phenyl chloroformate in CH3CN using K2CO3 at ca. ~80°C have been synthesized with good to excellent yield (~81 to 97%). The methodology has been subsequently extended for synthesis of carbamate derivatives of 3-(methylthio)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles in which bicarbamate derivatives are formed as major products (~39 to 47%) along with mono carbamate derivatives as minor products (~9 to 22%) in the presence of similar solvent and base. On investigating the effect of solvent and base, the reaction in CH3CN in presence of K2CO3 shows the best results

Treatment of Dairy Wastewaters: Evaluating Microbial Fuel Cell Tools and Mechanism

Pollution caused by chemical and dairy effluent is a major concern worldwide. Dairy wastewaters are the most challenging to treat because of the presence of various pollutants in them. The characteristics of effluent like temperature, color, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dissolved solids, suspended solids, chloride, sulfate, oil, and grease depend solely on the volume of milk processed and the form of finished produce. It is difficult to select an efficient wastewater treatment method for the dairy wastewaters because of their selective nature in terms of pH, flow rate, volume, and suspended solids. Thus there exists a clear need for a technology or a combination of technologies that would efficiently treat the dairy wastewaters. This chapter explains the energy-generating microbial fuel cell or MFC technologies for dairy wastewaters treatment having different designs of MFCs, mechanism of action, different electrode materials, their surface modification, operational parameters, applications and outcomes delivered through the technology in reducing the COD, BOD, suspended solids and other residues present in the wastewaters. The chapter also elaborates on the availability of various natural low-cost anode materials which can be derived from agricultural wastes. The current chapter elaborates on MFC technology and its tools used for dairy wastewater treatment, providing useful insight for integrating it with existing conventional wastewater treatment methods to achieve the degradation of various dairy pollutants including emerging micropollutants

The modified Glasgow prognostic score in prostate cancer: results from a retrospective clinical series of 744 patients

<p>Background: As the incidence of prostate cancer continues to rise steeply, there is an increasing need to identify more accurate prognostic markers for the disease. There is some evidence that a higher modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) may be associated with poorer survival in patients with prostate cancer but it is not known whether this is independent of other established prognostic factors. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the relationship between mGPS and survival in patients with prostate cancer after adjustment for other prognostic factors.</p> <p>Methods: Retrospective clinical series on patients in Glasgow, Scotland, for whom data from the Scottish Cancer Registry, including Gleason score, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin, six months prior to or following the diagnosis, were included in this study.</p> <p>The mGPS was constructed by combining CRP and albumin. Five-year and ten-year relative survival and relative excess risk of death were estimated by mGPS categories after adjusting for age, socioeconomic circumstances, Gleason score, PSA and previous in-patient bed days.</p> <p>Results: Seven hundred and forty four prostate cancer patients were identified; of these, 497 (66.8%) died during a maximum follow up of 11.9 years. Patients with mGPS of 2 had poorest 5-year and 10-year relative survival, of 32.6% and 18.8%, respectively. Raised mGPS also had a significant association with excess risk of death at five years (mGPS 2: Relative Excess Risk = 3.57, 95% CI 2.31-5.52) and ten years (mGPS 2: Relative Excess Risk = 3.42, 95% CI 2.25-5.21) after adjusting for age, socioeconomic circumstances, Gleason score, PSA and previous in-patient bed days.</p> <p>Conclusions: The mGPS is an independent and objective prognostic indicator for survival of patients with prostate cancer. It may be useful in determining the clinical management of patients with prostate cancer in addition to established prognostic markers.</p&gt