A review of 65 years of human adenovirus seroprevalence

International audienceIntroduction: Human adenovirus (HAdV)-derived vectors have been used in numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials during the last 40 years. Current research in HAdV-based vaccines focuses on improving transgene immunogenicity and safety. Because pre-existing humoral immunity against HAdV types correlate with reduced vaccine efficacy and safety, many groups are exploring the development of HAdV types vectors with lower seroprevalence. However, global seroepidemiological data are incomplete. Areas covered: The goal of this review is to centralize 65 years of research on (primarily) HAdV epidemiology. After briefly addressing adenovirus biology, we chronical HAdV seroprevalence studies and highlight major milestones. Finally, we analyze data from about 50 studies with respect to HAdVs types that are currently used in the clinic, or are in the developmental pipeline. Expert opinion: Vaccination is among the most efficient tools to prevent infectious disease. HAdV-based vaccines have undeniable potential, but optimization is needed and antivector immunity remains a challenge if the same vectors are to be administrated to different populations. Here, we identify gaps in our knowledge and the need for updated worldwide epidemiological data

Essentials of cerebral fat embolism syndrome: A hidden enemy in trauma

Fat embolism syndrome typically appears after an asymptomatic period of 24 to 72 hours and is typically manifested by the clinical triad of respiratory failure, neurological manifestations and petechiae, together with analytical alterations such as anaemia and thrombopenia. Respiratory distress is the most common symptom. Cerebral fat embolism is an incomplete form of fat embolism, which does not meet all the diagnostic criteria; in fact, it may appear without the presence of respiratory failure; Therefore, its early diagnosis is a challenge in the trauma patien