Phosphorus fertiliser source determines the allocation of root-derived organic carbon to soil organic matter fractions

International audienc

Cumplimiento de medidas de bioseguridad planteadas en 2004, post brote SARS-CoV, en estudiantes de Odontología: BIOSECURITY NORMS COMPLIANCE IN DENTAL SCHOOLS POST SARS-COV

ABTRACTS Objective: establishing the degree of compliance with biosecurity measures proposed in 2004, in dentistry students from different universities in Chile post COVID-19 outbreak.   Materials and methods: This research has a quantitative, observational, and transversal approach with a descriptive scope and suitability samples due to the pandemic conditions. A previously published and released questionnaire, originally in Portuguese, was used and had to be translated and revised to Spanish. The questionnaire was released via online during September and October of 2020 throughout social media directed to dentistry students in Chilean universities. The statistical analysis was descriptive, with absolute and relative frequencies for the qualitative variables and summarized measures (main tendency and dispersion) for the quantitative variables.   Results: 200 responses were obtained corresponding to students from 13 universities throughout the country. 95% used gloves for all procedures in all patients, 98.5% used a mask for all procedures in all patients. 37.5% of the total of all respondents declared using all PPE in all procedures. In addition, 73.5% of the respondents do not disinfect the radiographic film, contrasting with 80% who do disinfect burs and handpieces.   Conclusions: With the data obtained, we can affirm that expectations are not met in relation to the protection of operators and patients in the dental environment, since the only measures that meet almost complete and total adherence by students are only those that are considered more basics such as the use of gloves and mask. The use of all PPE is necessary to ensure an environment free of disease transmission.                                                                                                    KEY WORDS: Biosecurity, prevention, dentistry, Covid-19, Sars-Cov.RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el cumplimiento de las medidas de bioseguridad planteadas en 2004, en estudiantes de odontología de distintas universidades del país, post brote COVID-19.   Materiales y método: Este estudio es enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, transversal, de alcance descriptivo con un muestreo por conveniencia dada las condiciones de la pandemia. Se utilizó un cuestionario previamente aplicado y publicado y que debió ser traducido desde el portugués al español, en concordancia con el instrumento original. La aplicación fue online entre los meses de septiembre y octubre del año 2020 y dirigida a los estudiantes de odontología de las distintas universidades chilenas. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo con frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las variables cualitativas, y medidas de resumen (tendencia central y dispersión) para las variables cuantitativas.   Resultados: Se obtuvieron 200 respuestas correspondientes a estudiantes de 13 universidades del país. En general, el 25.5% eran hombres y el 74.5% eran mujeres. Un 95% usaba guantes para todos los procedimientos en todos los pacientes, un 98.5% usaba mascarilla para todos los procedimientos en todos los paciente. El 37.5% del total de todos los encuestados declaró usar todos los EPP en todos los procedimientos. Además, un 73.5% de los encuestados no realiza desinfección de la película radiográfica, contrarrestándose con un 80% que si realiza desinfección de fresas y pieza de mano.   Conclusiones: Con los datos obtenidos podemos afirmar que no se cumplen las expectativas en relación a la protección de operadores y pacientes en el entorno odontológico, ya que las únicas medidas que cumplen casi completa y total adherencia por parte de los estudiantes son sólo aquellas que se consideran más básicas como el uso de guantes y mascarilla. Es necesario el uso de todos los EPP para garantizar un entorno libre de transmisión de la enfermedad.   PALABRAS CLAVES: Bioseguridad, prevención, odontología, Covid-19, Sars-Cov. &nbsp

Phosphorus fertiliser source determines the allocation of root-derived organic carbon to soil organic matter fractions

International audienc

Silicon in vascular plants: uptake, transport and its influence on mineral stress under acidic conditions

So far, considerable advances have been achieved in understanding the mechanisms of Si uptake and transport in vascular plants. This review presents a comprehensive update about this issue, but also provides the new insights into the role of Si against mineral stresses that occur in acid soils. Such information could be helpful to understand both the differential Si uptake ability as well as the benefits of this mineral element on plants grown under acidic conditions. Silicon (Si) has been widely recognized as a beneficial element for many plant species, especially under stress conditions. In the last few years, great efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanisms involved in uptake and transport of Si by vascular plants and recently, different Si transporters have been identified. Several researches indicate that Si can alleviate various mineral stresses in plants growing under acidic conditions, including aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn) toxicities as well as phosphorus (P) deficiency all of which are highly detrimental to crop production. This review presents recent findings concerning the influence of uptake and transport of Si on mineral stress under acidic conditions because a knowledge of this interaction provides the basis for understanding the role of Si in mitigating mineral stress in acid soils. Currently, only four Si transporters have been identified and there is little information concerning the response of Si transporters under stress conditions. More investigations are therefore needed to establish whether there is a relationship between Si transporters and the benefits of Si to plants subjected to mineral stress. Evidence presented suggests that Si supply and its subsequent accumulation in plant tissues could be exploited as a strategy to improve crop productivity on acid soils