19 research outputs found
Validasi Metode Dan Penetapan Kadar Residu Furazolidon Dalam Udang Secara Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi
Furazolidon is one of antibacterial nitrofuran derivate used m prawn cultivation. Existence of residue furazolidon in prawn can cause the carcinogenic effect, toxic effect, allergic reac• tion, and also improve the resistancy when it is consumed in along term. In this research were done validating method and determining of concentration of furazolidon residue in a various type of prawn used the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with the column of Phenomenex type Hypersil 5 µ, m C18 (ODS) 25 cm, 4.60 mm, loop 500 µ,I, detector lJ-V).. at 366 run, asetonirril : acetic acid 1 % = 20-100 : 80-0 as mobile phase during 8 minutes, flow-rate 1.0 mL/minuce, temperature 30.3 °C, pressured 3.6- 9.8 psi. The results of the validation method analyze were met the validation criterion i.e., selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The residues concentration of furazolidon in prawn samples of Penaeus vanamei from Market A were 8.56xl0-3 mg/100 g, while the residues of furazolidon in samples of prawn of Penaeus vaname1 from Market of B, Merapenaeus nwnoceros from Market C, and Petiaeus monodon from Market D were not found.
Keywords : prawn, furazolidon, validation method, determining of residue, HPL
Heavy Metals Concentrations in The Biota of The Rivers and The Sea Around Estuary of East Surabaya Shore (PAMURBAYA)
The concentration analysis of heavy metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb in the biota in the Kalisari,
Wonokromo and Wonorejo rivers anu the sea around the river's of East Surabaya Shore
(PAMURBA Y A) using Grab sampling have already done. The samples biota preparations using
digestion method using concentrated HN03 and H20 2• In the Kalisari river, the researchers could
not find the biota, while in the sea around estuary, the researchers found Yoldia Iucida with
concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb are: 0.881 ± 0.0646; 1.644 ± 0.0101; 10.130 ± 0.0172;
23.783 ± 0.0277 and 2.506 ± 0.0144 ug/g, also Anadara granosa with concentrations of Cu and Hg
are: 0.849 ± 0.0032 and 12.931 ± 0.0020 ug/g. On the resaerch in Wonokromo river, the researchers
found Tel/ina alternata with concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb are: 0.713 ± 0.0006; 1.335 ±
0.0079; 7.668 ± 0.0001 and 0.853 ± 0.0006 ug/g also Meretrix meretrix with concentrations of Cd,
Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb are: 2.923 ± 0.0022; 1.349 ± 0.0079; 10.369 ± 0.0143; 19.090 ± 0.0164 and
3.573 ± 0.0097 ug/g. In the sea around estuary of this river, the researchers found Anadara granosa
with concentrations of Cu and Hg are: 0.524 ± 0.0035 and 44.3 10 ± 0.0334 ug/g, also Corbula
contracta with concentrations of Cr, Cu and Hg are: 0.360 ± 0.0027; 1.814 ± 0.0097; 9.934 ±
0.0 I 31 ug/g and Meretrix meretrix with concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb are 2.245 ± 0.0050;
2.812 ± 0.0057; 22.498 ± 0.0147 and 2.849 ± 0.1790 ug/g dry weight samples respectively. In the
Wonorejo river and the sea around estuary, the researchers could not fmd biota. The tolerance limit
for Cd was 400-500 ug/person/week, Cr was 35 ug/day, Cu was 10 ug/day/woman or 12
ug/day/man and Pb was 3 mglpersonlweek, while concentration of Hg was not tolerated
Heavy Metals Concentrations in the Sediment in Rivers and Sea Around Estuary Rivers's of Kenjeran Surabaya
Concentration analysis of heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb) in the sediment in Tambakwedi, Jeblokan
and Kenjeran rivers and sea along Kenjeran river Surabaya usir,g Grab sampling have already done. Samples
preparations conducted using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP).
It was found that concentrations of Cadmium (Cd) in Tambakwedi, Jeblokan and Kenjeran rivers 3ediment
are 0,710; 0,030 and 0,047 mg/L respectively; concentratic,ns of Chromium (Cr) are 0,533 ; 0,165 and 0,264
mg/L respectively; Copper (Cu) concentrations are I, 144 ; 0,155 and 0,419 mg/L respectively; Mercury (Hg)
concentn.!tinns are: 0,93 I ; 0,699 and 0,822 mg/KL whereas Lead (Pb) concentrations are: 4,545 ; 3,477 and
4,141 m0 /L in wet samples respectively.
The research result for heavy metal cor,centrations in the sediment along estuary of Tambakwedi,
Jeblokan and Kenjeran rivers (representatively of the sea) are: for Cd concentrations 0,008 ; 0,025 and 0,028
mg/L respectively; Cr concentrations are 0,319 ; 0,096 and 0,115 mg/L respectively; Cu concentrations are
0,004 ; 0,009 and 0, 113 mg/L; Hg concentrations are 0,049 ; 0,415 and 0,507 mg/L and for Pb concentrations
are: 0,288 ; 2,516 and 2,887 mg/L in wet samples respectively.
Some of the value of heavy metal concentrations results lower than the requirement of TCLP Standard
Value of Government Regulation No.85, 1999 which it's concerning in Management of Dangerous and
Poisonous Material, exept Hg concentration. Indeed, the standard concentrations value of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and
Pb arel ,0;5,0; 10,0; 0,2 and 5,0 mg/L. Mercury pollution probably happened because of the presence of plants
industry along the Tambak Wedi, Jeblokan and Kenjeran river
Development of Standardized Ethanol Extract of Fraxinus Griffithii as CNS Depressant
Background: Fraxinus griffithii has been widely used as CNS depressant. Its activity based on both empirical and preclinical data. However, standardization on raw material and process of extraction have not been conducted. Methods: Extraction of Fraxinus griffithii was conducted on different part of plants, as well as different solvents and extraction methods. Each extract was standardized both on specific and nonspecific parameters. Additionally, phenobarbital induced sleeping time test was performed on each extract. Results: Leaves of F. griffithii extracted with 70% ethanol by kinetic maceration yielded the highest extract. CNS depressant activity of 70% ethanol extract obtained from F. griffithii leaves by kinetic maceration was the highest compared to the others. Conclusion: All of the extracts have CNS depressant activity, but extract from the leaves, produced by 70% ethanol and kinetic maceration had the optimal activity and quality
Evaluasi Kepatuhan Pada Pasien Epilepsi
Terapi epilepsi dengan Anti Epileptic Drug (AED) memiliki tantangan karena baru berkisar 70-75% yang dapat dikontrol dengan terapi tersebut. Hal ini berarti masih berkisar 25-30% pasien epilepsi yang belum terkendalikan oleh antikonvulsan'. Salah satu yang masih menjadi tantangan dan menjadi penyebab belum terkontrolnya terapi
dengan AED adalah adherence. Kepatuhan atau lebii jauh lagi adherence tetap menjadi tantangan yang signifikan
sekalipun pada terapi AED baru sehingga meningkatkan risiko kejang, hospitalisasi dan biaya terapi yang tinggi. Adherence merupakan salah satu faktor penentu tercapainya
remisi. Pemahaman yang kurang tentang epilepsi dan program terapi epilepsi akibat informasi yang tidak adekuat merupakan faktor utama terjadinya ketidakpatuhan pada
terapi. Berbagai upaya diiakukan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan antara lain adalah dengan memberikan konseling obat. Indikator terbaik yang dipercaya dari adherence adalah kadar obat dalam serum. Namun sulit untuk menterjemahkan kadar serum menjadi ukuran kepatuhan yang
sepadan bila dosis mapun obat berbeda. Lebih jauh lagi kadar serum yang rendah dapat disebabkan tidak hanya oleh ketidakpatuhan tetapi kebutuhan akan dosis yang lebih tinggi, pasien dengan gangguan absorpsi atau metabolisme yang cepat.Metode lain yang secara tidak langsung mengukur adherence antara lain self report, pill count, appointment attendance, medication refills dan frekuensi kejang
Heavy Metals Concentrations in The Sediment in Rivers and Sea Along Estuary of Kenjeran River in Surabaya
Concentration analysis of heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb) in the sediment in Tambakwedi, Jeblokan
and Kenjeran rivers and sea along Kenjeran river Surabaya using Grab sampling have already done. Samples
preparations conducted using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP).
It was found that concentrations of Cadmium (Cd) in Tambakwedi, Jeblokan and Kenjeran rivers sediment
are 0,710 ; 0,030 and 0,047 mg/L respectively; concentrations of Chromium (Cr) are 0,533 ; 0,165 and 0,264
mg/L respectively; Copper (Cu) concentrations are 1,144 ; 0,155 and 0,419 mg/L respectively; Mercury (Hg)
concentrations are: 0,931 ; 0,699 and 0,822 mg/KL whereas Lead (Pb) concentrations are: 4,545 ; 3,477 and
4,141 mg/L in wet samples respectively.
The research result for heavy metal concentrations in the sediment along estuary of Tambakwedi,
Jeblokan and Kenjeran rivers (representatively of the sea) are: for Cd concentrations 0,008 ; 0,025 and 0,028
mg/L respectively; Cr concentrations are 0,319 ; 0,096 and 0,115 mg/L respectively; Cu concentrations are
0,004 ; 0,009 and 0,113 mg/L; Hg concentrations are 0,049 ; 0,415 and 0,507 mg/L and for Pb concentrations
are: 0,288 ; 2,516 and 2,887 mg/L in wet samples respectively.
Some of the value of heavy metal concentrations results lower than the requirement of TCLP Standard
Value of Government Regulation No.85, 1999 which it’s concerning in Management of Dangerous and
Poisonous Material, exept Hg concentration. Indeed, the standard concentrations value of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and
Pb are1,0;5,0; 10,0; 0,2 and 5,0 mg/L. Mercury pollution probably happened because of the presence of plants
industry along the Tambak Wedi, Jeblokan and Kenjeran river
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTAGO MAJOR L.
A new method of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract antioxidant compounds from Plantago major L. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and kinetic maceration were studied as comparison process. The effect of part of plant, duration and temperature on the free radical scavenger activity, total phenol and flavonoid content of the extract were determined. MAE was found to be the most effective method capable of yielding 1.72 %GAE total phenol, 1.94 %CE total flavonoid and giving EC50 equivalent to 474.11 ppm of crude drug with 700C and 20 min of extraction temperature and time, respectively. The percent recovery of antioxidant compounds was found to increase with increasing MAE time and temperature. It was also found that antioxidant compounds of the leaf was much greater than that of root and petiole
Pemeriksaan Kadar Kalium (R), Natrium (Na), Kalsium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), dan Fosfor (P) pada Pisang Mas (Mus a paradisiaca L. var .mas)
Mineral dalam tubuh dibedakan berdasarkan jumlahnya yakni makro elemen, mikro elemen, dan trace elements. Ketiganya merupakan mineral yang diperlukan oleh tubuh.
Beberapa buah-buahan mengandung mineral tersebut, diantaranya pisang. Buah pisang diantaranya mengandung makro elemen seperti kalium (K), magnesium (Mg), natrium
(Na), kalsium (Ca), dan fosfor (P). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis terhadap mineral kalium (K), magnesium (Mg), natrium (Na), kalsium (Ca), dan fosfor (P) dengan metode destruksi kering kemudian dilanjutkan pengukuran kadarnya dengan menggunakan instrumen ICPS-ARL Fisons 3410+. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam 100 g sampel pisang mas (Musa paradisiaca L.var.mas) mengandung: kadar kalium (K) 510 mg, kadar natrium (Na) 20 mg, kadar magnesium (Mg) 20 mg, dan kadar kalsium (Ca) 30 mg.
Pada sam pel pisang mas tidak mengandung fosfor (P). Pada orang dewasa apabila dalam 1 hari mengkonsumsi 5 buah pisang mas, maka asupan mineral yang tercukupi yakni:
kalium (K) 28,46%; natrium (Na) 3,50%; magnesium (Mg) 19,43%; dan kalsium (Ca) 6,56%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan mengkonsumsi buah pisang mas dapat membantu untuk meningkatkan asupan mineral namun tidak dapat mencukupi
kebutuhan mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh sehingga diperlukan niakanan lain untuk mencukupiny
KADAR LOGAM BERAT BIOTA PANTAI KENJERAN SURABAYA DIBANDINGKAN BIOTA DARI TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN DAN PAGERUNGAN MADURA
Telah dilakukan penelitian kadar logam berat Cd,Cr,Cu ,Hg dan Pb pada biota
Anadara antiquota , Corbula faba, Meretrix meretrix dari pantai Kenjeran Surabaya
.Sebagai pembanding digunakan biota Acaudina molpapoides dan Holothuria sp dari
Taman Nasional Baluran Banyuwangi dan Glymeris undata dari Pantai Pagerungan
Madura. Kadar logam Cd, Cr, Cu pada Anadara antiquota berturut-turut 1,107
±0,039 Φg/g berat kering, 2,400 ±0,225 Φg/g , 4,332±0,097 Φg/g , tidak terdeteksi
adanya Hg dan kadar Pb 29,636 ±2,096 Φg/g . Pada Corbula faba kadar logam
Cd,Cr,Cu berturut-turut 0,157 ±0,087 Φg/g , 1,905 ±0,170 Φg/g , 4,553±0,120 Φg/g ,
tidak terdeteksi adanya Hg dan kadar Pb 33,023 ± 1,978 Φg/g berat .Kadar logam
Cd,Cr,Cu pada Meretrix meretrix berturut-turut 0,248±0,047 Φg/g , 1,423 ± 140
Φg/g , 2,810± 0,140 Φg/g , tidak terdeteksi adanya Hg dan kadar Pb 23,401 ±
1,525Φg/g .
Untuk biota Acaudina molpapoides dari Taman Nasional Baluran tidak
terdeteksi adanya logam Cd dan Hg ,sedangkan kadar logam Cr,Cu dan Pb berturutturut
0,050 ±0,011Φg/g , 0,056 ±0,003 Φg/g dan 0,843±0,126 Φg/g . Demikian juga
untuk Holothuria sp tidak terdeteksi adanya logam Cd dan Hg ,sedangkan kadar
logam Cr,Cu dan Pb berturut-turut 0,049±0,008Φg/g , 0,031 ±0,0009 Φg/g dan
1,015±0,080Φg/g .
Kadar logam Cd, Cr,Cu dan Pb pada Glymeris undata dari Pantai Pagerungan
berturut-turut 0,213 ±0,125 Φg/g , 1,597 ± 0,293 Φg/g dan 4,546 ±0,105 Φg/g dan
3,370 ±0,154 Φg/g , sedangkan logam Hg tidak terdeteksi.
Kadar logam Cd, Cr,Cu dan Pb pada biota dari Pantai Kenjeran relatif lebih
tinggi dibandingkan dengan kadar logam Cd, Cr,Cu dan Pb dari biota Taman
Nasional Baluran dan pantai Pagerungan Madura sebagai reference site.,sehingga
dapat disimpulkan bahwa biota Pantai Kenjeran telah tercemar
LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN ADHERENCE MEASUREMENT METHODS IN NEW-ONSET EPILEPSY
Study aims were (1) to document adherence measurement using 3 different methods. (2) to determine the relationship between each methods. The study wasconducted using cross sectional design. Patients were followed-up for 6 months and adherences weremeasured after 1 and 6 months therapy. The methods used to measure the adherenceswere 1) Patient/parent-self reported ( MMAS-8 questionnaires); 2) Drug level assay and 3) seizure frequency observation. Participants enrolled were 50 patients with new-onset general epilepsy (M age = 7.2 ± 2.0; 54 % male; 46% female Indonesian). Patient/parent-self reported methods resulted mean overall adherence scores across patients during this 6-months period was 4.07 ± 1.15 (81.4%). Meanwhile phenytoin assay indicated only 18% patients reached therapeutics concentration. Seizure frequency observation revealed 81% improvement in seizure frequency (t= 7.63, P=0.000) after 6 months therapy. Negative correlations were found between Parents/patients-self reporting with drug levels(rho=-0.082, P=0.59); Parents/patients-self reporting with seizure frequency(rho=-0.17, P=0.24). Correlation between seizure frequency with phenytoin level was also proved by Spearman test as no significant (rho=0.12, P=0.42). 7 patients (14%) remain had seizure after 6 months but only 2 patients were having miss dose. There were lack of correlation between the various methods of adherence measurement but it does not necessarily reflect a minimum in adherence