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Enhancing reliability and stability of BLE mesh networks: a multipath optimized AODV approach
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh networks provide flexible and reliable communication among low-power sensor-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) devices, enabling them to communicate in a flexible and robust manner. Nonetheless, the majority of existing BLE-based mesh protocols operate as flooding-based piconet or scatternet overlays on top of existing Bluetooth star topologies. In contrast, the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol used primarily in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks (WAHN) is forwarding-based and therefore more efficient, with lower overheads. However, the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and link recovery time for AODV performs worse compared to flooding-based BLE protocols when encountering link disruptions. We propose a Multipath Optimized AODV (M-O-AODV) protocol to address these issues, with improved PDR, and link robustness compared with other forwarding-based protocols. In addition, M-O-AODV achieved a PDR of 88%, comparable to the PDR of 92% for flooding-based BLE, unlike protocols such as Reverse-AODV (R-AODV). Also, M-O-AODV was able to perform link recovery within 3700 ms in case of node failures, compared with other forwarding-based protocols which require 4800 ms to 6000 ms. Consequently, M-O-AODV-based BLE mesh networks are more efficient for wireless sensor-enabled IoT environments