Countable tightness in the spaces of regular probability measures

We prove that if $K$ is a compact space and the space $P(K\times K)$ of regular probability measures on $K\times K$ has countable tightness in its $weak^*$ topology, then $L_1(\mu)$ is separable for every $\mu\in P(K)$. It has been known that such a result is a consequence of Martin's axiom MA$(\omega_1)$. Our theorem has several consequences; in particular, it generalizes a theorem due to Bourgain and Todor\v{c}evi\'c on measures on Rosenthal compacta.Comment: 9 page

THE ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECT OF EXPERTISE ON POSTURAL CONTROL IN SHOOTING TASK WITH SAMPLE ENTROPY

We aimed to determine the interdependence between functional and dynamic stability of young basketball players. Eight elite biathlon experts, 15 moderate experienced subjects and 15 novices took part in the experiment. The postural sway and complexity of COP signal and its decomposed trajectories were measured using force plate. Results indicate that highly trained group of elite biathlon athletes was characterized by decreased values describing body sway and increased value of Sample Entropy during quiet stance. However, that situation was changed during maintaining a shooting position and during aiming at the target. These results lead to the conclusion that Sample Entropy could be used to estimate the attentional involvement in postural control according to skill development in sport performance

Just do it? When to do what you judge you ought to do

While it is generally believed that justification is a fallible guide to the truth, there might be interesting exceptions to this general rule. In recent work on bridge-principles, an increasing number of authors have argued that truths about what a subject ought to do are truths we stand in some privileged epistemic relation to and that our justified normative beliefs are beliefs that will not lead us astray. If these bridge-principles hold, it suggests that justification might play an interesting role in our normative theories. In turn, this might help us understand the value of justification, a value that's notoriously difficult to understand if we think of justification as but a fallible means to a desired end. We will argue that these bridge-principles will be incredibly difficult to defend. While we do not think that normative facts necessarily stand in any interesting relationship to our justified beliefs about them, there might well be a way of defending the idea that our justified beliefs about what to do won't lead us astray. In turn, this might help us understand the value of justification, but this way of thinking about justification and its value comes with costs few would be willing to pay

THE BIOELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF MUSCLE PECTORALIS MAJOR IN PRESSING FROM A LYING POSITION

The bioelectric activity of muscle pectoralis major was recorded with the help of surface EMG. The aim of this work was to determine participation of three parts of this muscle in motor task realization i.e. the pressing of a barbell in a lying position. Despite a suitable competitors’ selection (the first class) and a similar way of task realization (the 'bridge' technique) some competitors indicated a large activity in central part of the muscle whereas the others in lower or upper part. Average bioelectric activity of three parts of muscle together, in all subjects, was larger in pressing phase than in lowering phase during the press in a lying position. It may mean, that the way of trial realization is also affected by other factors, i.e. the radius of “bridge” curvature or trajectory motion of barbell

The dependence between clinical condition and value of the maximum force in the quadriceps femoris muscle during MVC test in patients with knee osteoarthritis

The aim of this study was to check whether there was a correlation between the value of the maximum developed torque of the quadriceps femoris muscle and subjective evaluation of a patient's pain which is measured by the VAS. Also evaluated were changes in the muscle torque value and KSS scale over time. For examining patient's condition use was made of a KSS scale (knee score: pain, range of motion, stability of joint and limb axis) before the surgery and in weeks 6 and 12, as well as 6 months after surgery. It was found to be constantly improving in comparison with the condition before the surgery. This is confirmed by a significant statistical value difference of KSS scale. The surgery substantially increases the quality of live and function recurrence

Cerebral thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke and heart failure

Background Heart failure (HF) is common among patients with ischemic stroke (IS), however its impact on outcome after iv-thrombolysis has not been fully determined. Moreover, definition of HF has been recently modified, but majority of stroke studies classified patients regarding an old HF criteria. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between both, newly and formerly defined HF and the long-term outcome, mortality and the presence of hemorrhagic complications in patients with acute IS treated with iv-thrombolysis. Methods We retrospectively evaluated data from 328 Caucasian patients with IS consecutively treated with iv-thrombolysis. HF was defined according to old and new definition; long-term outcome was assessed with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and mortality rate on 90th days after IS. Results The incidence of HF did not differ between patients with favorable (mRS 0–2) and unfavorable (mRS 3–6) functional outcome respectively for the old and for the new definition (10.4% vs. 15.5, p = 0.17; 17.4% vs. 18.1%, p = 0.88) and between those who survived and died within 90 days after IS (11.7% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.27; 17.2% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.38, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed no impact of HF diagnosis on outcome (p = 0.94) or mortality (p = 0.64). Conclusion The presence of systolic HF, defined according to an old and a new definition, does not determine safety and efficacy of cerebral iv-thrombolysis in patients with IS

Measurement of Simple Reaction Time of the Cyclist in the Laboratory and Natural Environment Condition

The most commonly used reaction time tests within the athlete community require appropriate testing conditions and equipment, most frequently laboratory ones, which are not suitable for testing athletes in their natural environment and do not fully represent athletes’ natural capabilities and the influence of the surrounding environment. Therefore, this study’s goal is to compare the simple reaction times (SRTs) of cyclists during tests in laboratory conditions and in natural cycling surroundings. The young cyclists (55 participants) took part in the study. The SRT was measured in a quiet laboratory room with the use of the special device. During riding and standing with a bike outdoors, the necessary signal was captured and transmitted by a folic tactile sensor (FTS) and an extra intermediary circuit (both invented by our team member) connected to a muscle activity measurement system (Noraxon DTS Desktop, Scottsdale, AZ, USA). The results showed that external conditions significantly affect the SRT, with it being the longest when riding and the shortest if measured in an isolated laboratory room, but without an effect of gender. Typically, men have a shorter reaction time, but our result supports other observations, where people with an active lifestyle show no sex differentiation in SRT. The proposed FTS with an intermediary circuit allowed us to measure SRT with the use of non-dedicated equipment and avoid buying a new one for a single specific use

Complex analysis of movement in evaluation of flat bench press performance

The complex methodology of investigations was applied to study a movement structure on bench press. We have checked the usefulness of multimodular measuring system (SMART-E, BTS company, Italy) and a special device for tracking the position of barbell (pantograph). Software Smart Analyser was used to create a database allowing chosen parameters to be compared. The results from different measuring devices are very similar, therefore the replacement of many devices by one multimodular system is reasonable. In our study, the effect of increased barbell load on the values of muscles activity and bar kinematics during the flat bench press movement was clearly visible. The greater the weight of a barbell, the greater the myoactivity of shoulder muscles and vertical velocity of the bar. It was also confirmed the presence of the so-called sticking point (period) during the concentric phase of the bench press. In this study, the initial velocity of the barbell decreased (v min ) not only under submaximal and maximal loads (90 and 100% of the one repetition maximum; 1-RM), but also under slightly lighter weights (70 and 80% of 1-RM)

Studies of behaviour of the automatic control system of roadheader cutting heads movement

Boom–type roadheaders are basic machines used in underground mines for drilling roadways, in tunnelling and also for making underground buildings using trenchless methods. The article presents selected results of tests carried out in a semi–industrial scale, on a roadheader R–130, concerning behaviour of an innovative solution of system for automatic control of boom–type roadheader cutting heads’ movements. This important innovation, not known before in mining cutting machines, is the software control of cutting heads angular speed using a frequency converter. The text shows an impact of key values, from a perspective of an assumed control purpose, of programming device (setting system) parameters, achieving reference values for the actuators, on controlled facility behaviour when cutting a layered cement and sand block. The performance of the automatic control system without and with feedback to the setting system concerning an actual speed of cutting heads movement, which is important from the control system hardware perspective, was compared

Studies of behaviour of the automatic control system of roadheader cutting heads movement

Boom–type roadheaders are basic machines used in underground mines for drilling roadways, in tunnelling and also for making underground buildings using trenchless methods. The article presents selected results of tests carried out in a semi–industrial scale, on a roadheader R–130, concerning behaviour of an innovative solution of system for automatic control of boom–type roadheader cutting heads’ movements. This important innovation, not known before in mining cutting machines, is the software control of cutting heads angular speed using a frequency converter. The text shows an impact of key values, from a perspective of an assumed control purpose, of programming device (setting system) parameters, achieving reference values for the actuators, on controlled facility behaviour when cutting a layered cement and sand block. The performance of the automatic control system without and with feedback to the setting system concerning an actual speed of cutting heads movement, which is important from the control system hardware perspective, was compared