Errors in inflectional morphemes as an index of linguistic competence of Korean Heritage language learners and American learners of Korean

This study examined the linguistic competence in Korean of Korean heritage language learners (HLLs), compared to English-speaking non-heritage language learners (NHLLs) of Korean. It is unclear and controversial as to whether heritage languages learners are exposed to early but are interrupted manifest as L1 competence or share more characteristics with development in L2/FL competence. However, a common misconception is that HLLs outperform NHLLs in overall language skills even though Korean HLLs in Korean as a Foreign Language (KFL) classes do not make better progress than NHLLs despite their comparatively stronger aural interpretive abilities. This study was designed to investigate whether HLLs have an advantage over NHLLs in learning distinctive parametric values in Korean language, through comparing occurrences and sources of grammatical errors exhibited by two groups taking university-level KFL classes. This study addresses Korean inflectional morphemes, with a focus on case and postposition markers and affixal connectives. Data was collected from error analysis (EA) of inflectional morpheme errors and its source on semi-guided and self-generated writing samples, and grammaticality judgment in a word completion (GJWC) test using the same inflectional morphemes used for the EA. Schlyter's Weak language (WL) as L2, Montrul's WL as L1, and the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis (MSIH) provided theoretical frameworks. The EA data was coded using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcript program. The EA and GJWC data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA and, when there was a significant interaction effect between heritage status and language proficiency level, a 1-way ANOVA. This study's results confirmed Schlyter's hypothesis, but did not support Montrul's hypothesis from either the EA or GJWC. MSIH failed in explaining underlying linguistic competence of HLLs. Significantly higher error rates caused by omitting necessary subject and object markers among HLLs imply their Korean morphological data stays at the level of Korean child's morphology. Significantly higher error rates in instrument marker in the GJWC test by advanced level of HLLs imply impaired Korean morphology of HLLs. Linguistic variation is more prominent among HLL group. Findings are further discussed in relation to their theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications. Differentiated instructional and curricular approaches for HLL and NHLL groups are suggested

Law Enforcement Officers’ High-Visibility Safety Apparel: The Effect of Their Attitudes on Wearing Behavior

High-Visibility Safety Apparel (HVSA) is classified as personal protective clothing that provides visual conspicuity to reduce the risk of fatality or injury from traffic road crashes (ANSI/ISEA 107-2010). Traffic increases every year, which leads to more congestion and to greater risks to law enforcement personnel. Conditions at dawn, dusk, night and during inclement weather further increase the risks

Green Apparel Advertising: Does It Need to Move toward a Product-led Approach?

Using Banerjee et al.\u27s (1995) green advertising criteria as a framework, this study examines how Green Apparel Advertising Potency (GAAP) can be achieved. Possibilities emerge from extensive content analysis of leading marketing journals (1996 to 2016) and empirical analyses of four main attributes from various ad types: environment, product, lifestyle, and humanism. Environment attribute includes environmental benefit and nature harmony. Product attribute includes apparel quality, apparel uniqueness, and well-being benefit. Lifestyle attribute includes lifestyle compatibility, meaningfulness, and self-discovery. Finally, humanism attribute includes ethicality, humanitarian benefit, compassionate love, and connection to others. We propose a consumer response framework for Green Apparel Advertising Potency (GAAP) to outline essential elements of effective green ads. Using eight different types of green apparel ads, these elements are analyzed to develop a decision tree predictive model that determines optimum combinations of attributes. The findings indicate that the functional product attribute of apparel quality is the primary factor that can elevate Green Apparel Advertising Potency (GAAP)

Altercentric versus Egocentric \u27Green Jeans\u27 Advertising: Impact on Dual Emotional Warmth

This study presents theoretical and empirical analyses of altruism, egoism, and impure altruism and explains the role of emotional warmth in purchasing green jeans

Regular Schur labeled skew shape posets and their 0-Hecke modules

Assuming Stanley's $P$-partition conjecture holds, the regular Schur labeled skew shape posets with underlying set $\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ are precisely the posets $P$ such that the $P$-partition generating function is symmetric and the set of linear extensions of $P$, denoted $\Sigma_L(P)$, is a left weak Bruhat interval in the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_n$. We describe the permutations in $\Sigma_L(P)$ in terms of reading words of standard Young tableaux when $P$ is a regular Schur labeled skew shape poset, and classify $\Sigma_L(P)$'s up to descent-preserving isomorphism as $P$ ranges over regular Schur labeled skew shape posets. The results obtained are then applied to classify the $0$-Hecke modules $\mathsf{M}_P$ associated with regular Schur labeled skew shape posets $P$ up to isomorphism. Then we characterize regular Schur labeled skew shape posets as the posets whose linear extensions form a dual plactic-closed subset of $\mathfrak{S}_n$. Using this characterization, we construct distinguished filtrations of $\mathsf{M}_P$ with respect to the Schur basis when $P$ is a regular Schur labeled skew shape poset. Further issues concerned with the classification and decomposition of the $0$-Hecke modules $\mathsf{M}_P$ are also discussed.Comment: 44 page

Accelerated Life Testing to Predict Service Life and Reliability for an Appliance Door Hinge

Appliance manufacturers have traditionally performed physical testing using prototypes to assess reliability and service integrity of new product designs. However, for white goods where service lives are measured in years or decades, the use of endurance testing to analyze long time reliability is uneconomical. As accelerated life testing (ALT) is more efficient and less costly than traditional reliability testing, the methodology is finding increased usage by appliance manufacturers. In the present study, a simulation-based ALT approach was used to predict the service life of a polyacetal hinge cam from a consumer refrigerator. A predictive life stress model based on cumulative surface wear under accelerated stress conditions was developed and used to predict time to failure under consumer use. Results show that the life stress model demonstrated good agreement with performance testing data and reasonably predicts hinge life