Follow-up after curative resection for gastric cancer: A survey of surgeons across the Asia-Pacific

10.1016/j.asjsur.2019.09.011Asian Journal of Surger

Investigation on the potential of Mueller matrix imaging for digital staining

The original stained image (top) and the digital staining image (bottom). Digital staining based on Mueller matrix measurements and their derivatives was investigated. Mueller matrix imaging was performed at the microscopic level on gastric tissue sections. Full Mueller matrices (4 × 4) were reconstructed using recorded images, followed by the extraction of polarization parameters. The most effective parameters and their combinations were extracted from Mueller matrix elements, principal component scores and polarization parameters respectively to classify samples into three categories – i.e. cancer, dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia/normal glands for various regions of interest sizes. It was observed that two-step classification yielded higher classification accuracy than the traditional one-step classification and that pixel classification based on Mueller matrix elements yielded higher accuracy than that based on polarization parameters and derived principal components. Moreover, Mueller matrix images with a lower spatial resolution generated higher classification accuracy but those with a higher spatial resolution revealed more morphological details.ns

Roles of linear and circular polarization properties and effect of wavelength choice on differentiation between ex vivo normal and cancerous gastric samples

Multispectral Mueller matrix imaging was performed over a spectral range from 470 to 632 nm on 4-μm unstained gastric tissue sections. A complete set of polarization parameters was derived. The combination of linear depolarization and linear retardance yields the highest accuracy in sample classification. When the depolarization of linearly polarized light due to scattering is independent of the orientation angle of the incident linear polarization vector, the derivation of linear polarization properties will require only 3×3 Mueller matrix, which would significantly reduce the complexity of the polarimetry imaging system. When additional parameters are needed to complement the two linear polarization parameters, retardance, circular depolarization, and depolarization can be included in classification in the order of preference. However, these additional parameters would require the measurement of 4×4 Mueller matrix. In addition, it appears that wavelength is not a critical factor in terms of classification accuracy for thin tissue sections in this study.Published versio

Morpholino activity.

<p>(<b>A</b>) 48 hpf live MO1/MO2/MO3-injected embryos (doses of 0.5 pmole/0.1 pmole/0.1 pmole, respectively) exhibit hydrocephalus, heart edema (arrow), body curvature, and reductions to the ears and eyes (arrow). (<b>B</b>) Amplified mature transcripts of MO2 morphants on a 0.8% agarose gel. Only one mature transcript is present in the WT, with reduction of the transcript detected in morphants injected with MO2. An additional small transcript was detected caused by the binding of MO2 to the acceptor site of intron 1 and excision of a fragment containing intron 1, exon 2 and intron 2. (<b>C</b>) Mature transcript results from joining of exon 1 and exon 3 and a frame shift-induced stop codon (TAA-black box) at the beginning of exon 3. <i>cx43a</i> expression is normally absent in the ventral diencephalon of control embryos (<b>D</b>), but is ectopically activated in the <i>tbx2a</i> morphants, (<b>E</b>) in the domain of <i>tbx2a</i> expression, and (<b>F</b>) in the ventral diencephalon.</p

Cloned-Tbx1 and Tbx2a in Venus constructs co-localized in the nucleus of transfected 293T cells.

<p>Cells were co-transfected with 0.5 µg blank Venus constructs - VN and VC, only a few cells fluoresced in cytoplasm and nucleus (<b>A, A</b>’<b>, A</b>”<b>)</b>. A few cells amongst those co-transfected with 0.5 µg VN-Tbx2a and VC-Tbx1NLS (<b>B, B</b>’<b>, B</b>”) or 0.5 µg VN-Tbx1NLS and VC-Tbx2a (<b>C, C</b>’<b>, C</b>”) fluoresced weakly. In contrast, cells nuclei co-transfected with 0.5 µg VN-Tbx2a and VC-Tbx1 (<b>D, D</b>’<b>, D</b>”) or 0.5 µg VN-Tbx1 and VC-Tbx2a (<b>E, E</b>’<b>, E</b>”) fluoresced in many cells. Statistical data are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077171#pone.0077171.s003" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p

Expression pattern of <i>tbx2a</i> during development as detected by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) (14-48 hpf).

<p>(<b>A</b>) Lateral view of 14 hpf embryo. Lateral-dorsal view of 20 hpf embryo (<b>B</b>) hindbrain and (<b>C</b>) lateral view of the anus. (<b>D</b>) Composite image showing a dorsal view of 26 hpf embryo. (<b>E</b>-<b>K</b>) 48 hpf embryo. (<b>E</b>) Dorsal view of the hindbrain. (<b>F</b>) Lateral view at the level of somite 2. (<b>G</b>) Lateral view of the swim bladder. (<b>H</b>) Dorsal view of the pectoral fins. (<b>I</b>-<b>K</b>) Pharyngeal arches in a (<b>I</b>) ventral view and in (<b>J</b>-<b>K</b>) sagittal sections. Two-color WISH for (K) <i>dlx2</i> (magenta) and <i>tbx2a</i> (red), (<b>L</b>-<b>N</b>) <i>tbx2a</i> (magenta) and <i>tbx1</i> (red). <u>Abbreviations </u><u>for </u><u>all </u><u>figures</u>: a: anus; pa: pharyngeal arches; ccv: common cardinal vein; e: ear; ep: endodermal pouch; g: gut; r: retina; r2: rhombomere 2; ht: hypothalamus; h: hours post-fertilization; li: liver; lm: lateral mesoderm; n: nasal pits; ncc: neural crest cells; pf: pectoral fin; pn: pronephric ducts; sb: swim bladder; v: vagal nucleus. </p

Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore

10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.021AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY2203553-555complete