Strengthening the Nato Alliance : Toward A Strategy for the 1980s

For more than three decades, the NATO Alliance has success­fully kept the peace in Western Europe, with the United States acting as senior partner among 15 nations united in their concern for Western security and their opposition to Soviet expansion and adventurism, These two parallel concerns had been sufficient to insure a reasonable amount of cohesion among the Allies on questions of strategy

Strengthening the Nato Alliance : Toward A Strategy for the 1980s

For more than three decades, the NATO Alliance has success­fully kept the peace in Western Europe, with the United States acting as senior partner among 15 nations united in their concern for Western security and their opposition to Soviet expansion and adventurism, These two parallel concerns had been sufficient to insure a reasonable amount of cohesion among the Allies on questions of strategy

The Effect of a Mortgage Foreclosure on a Lease Executed Subsequent to the Mortgage

A owns Blackacre in fee. B loans money to A and takes a mortgage on Blackacre as security for the debt. Subsequent to the execution of the mortgage A leases the land to C. A then defaults on his debt and B takes steps to realize on his security. What are the rights and obligations of B, the mortgagee, C, the lessee and A, the mortgagor-lessor

The Assessment and Taxation of Easements

A sells a plot of ground to B, reserving in the grant an easement of way across B\u27s property. B becomes delinquent in the payment of his taxes on the property and allows it to go by tax foreclosure. C purchases the property at the tax foreclosure sale and now attempts to keep A from using the right of way, asserting that the title he derived from the tax sale has cut off A\u27s right of easement. The resulting problem has received varied treatment in the different jurisdictions of this country. The apparent conflict in the decisions can be partially explained by differences in the taxing statutes of the respective states

Joint Attention and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers

Initiating joint attention (IJA), the behavioral instigation of coordinated focus of 2 people on an object, emerges over the first 2 years of life and supports social-communicative functioning related to the healthy development of aspects of language, empathy, and theory of mind. Deficits in IJA provide strong early indicators for autism spectrum disorder, and therapies targeting joint attention have shown tremendous promise. However, the brain systems underlying IJA in early childhood are poorly understood, due in part to significant methodological challenges in imaging localized brain function that supports social behaviors during the first 2 years of life. Herein, we show that the functional organization of the brain is intimately related to the emergence of IJA using functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging and dimensional behavioral assessments in a large semilongitudinal cohort of infants and toddlers. In particular, though functional connections spanning the brain are involved in IJA, the strongest brain-behavior associations cluster within connections between a small subset of functional brain networks; namely between the visual network and dorsal attention network and between the visual network and posterior cingulate aspects of the default mode network. These observations mark the earliest known description of how functional brain systems underlie a burgeoning fundamental social behavior, may help improve the design of targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders, and, more generally, elucidate physiological mechanisms essential to healthy social behavior development

Accurate age classification of 6 and 12 month-old infants based on resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging data

Human large-scale functional brain networks are hypothesized to undergo significant changes over development. Little is known about these functional architectural changes, particularly during the second half of the first year of life. We used multivariate pattern classification of resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) data obtained in an on-going, multi-site, longitudinal study of brain and behavioral development to explore whether fcMRI data contained information sufficient to classify infant age. Analyses carefully account for the effects of fcMRI motion artifact. Support vector machines (SVMs) classified 6 versus 12 month-old infants (128 datasets) above chance based on fcMRI data alone. Results demonstrate significant changes in measures of brain functional organization that coincide with a special period of dramatic change in infant motor, cognitive, and social development. Explorations of the most different correlations used for SVM lead to two different interpretations about functional connections that support 6 versus 12-month age categorization