89 research outputs found
Resonant two-photon excitation of 1s paraexcitons in Cuprous Oxide
We have created paraexcitons in Cuprous Oxide via resonant two-photon
generation, and examined their population dynamics by means of time-correlated
single photon detection. Confining the excitons to a constant volume in a
harmonic potential trap made with inhomogeneous applied stress along the [001]
axis, we find that paraexcitons are created directly, and orthoexcitons appear
primarily through the well-known excitonic Auger process. Hot excitons are also
created via a three-photon process when the IR laser is non-resonant. Also we
generate excitons with two colliding pulses, and the luminescence is weaker
than that from one beam excitation with same total laser power. These results
show that resonant one-beam two-photon generation of paraexcitons is a
promising way to pursue Bose-Einstein condensation of paraexcitons.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure
How Does Anyone Change Belief about Anything?
The question of coming to faith, and leaving Christian faith, has become prominent in recent years, with much discussion of Christian “conversion” and “deconversion.” Some people seem to make sudden changes in their belief systems; are such changes fundamentally irrational, or can we understand them as the outcome of a rational (though perhaps tacit) thought process? In this paper, I present a model for how people change their minds about both minor and major beliefs, with elements from Thomas Kuhn’s model of “revolutions,” as well as input from the modern philosophy, psychology, and Christian theology. The main thesis of this paper is that people regularly go through revolutions of varying degrees of magnitude, which can be quite sudden, based on the buildup of tension due to lack of felt coherence in a previously-held view, compared to their perception of alternative views. Such a process is rational at its core
Spin-Flipping Half Vortex in a Macroscopic Polariton Spinor Ring Condensate
We report the observation of vorticity in a macroscopic Bose-Einstein
condensate of polaritons in a ring geometry. Because it is a spinor condensate,
the elementary excitations are "half vortices" in which there is a phase
rotation of in connection with a polarization vector rotation of
around a closed path. This is clearly seen in the experimental observations of
the polarization rotation around the ring. In the ring geometry, a new type of
half vortex is allowed in which the handedness of the spin flips from one side
of the ring to the other, in addition to the rotation of the linear
polarization component; such a state is not allowed in a simply-connected
geometry. Theoretical calculation of the energy of this state shows that when
many-body interactions are taken into account, it is lower in energy than a
simple half vortex. The direction of circulation of the flow around the ring
fluctuates randomly between clockwise and counterclockwise from one shot to the
next; this corresponds to spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the
system. These new, macroscopic polariton ring condensates allow for the
possibility of direct control of the vorticity of the condensate.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, including supplemental information; Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) (2015
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