Gripe Fortress in Split; Construction in 1647-1682

Sustav utvrđivanja Splita u 17. stoljeću sastojao se od utvrđenja gradske jezgre i dvaju odvojenih obrambenih tijela: tvrđave Bačvice na istočnoj strani luke i tvrđave Gripe na uzvisini, istočno od gradske jezgre. Tvrđava Gripe građena je u pet etapa, od početka izgradnje 1647. do dovršetka najkasnije 1682. godine, pa je i danas izvrsno očuvana. Smještena je na položaju s kojeg se kontrolirao pristup gradu te je bila ključan dio obrane Splita.The 17th century fortification of Split comprised the fortification of the city centre and two separate defence structures: the Bačvice Fortress in the eastern part of the city port and the Gripe Fortress situated on a hill east of the centre. The Gripe Fortress was built in five stages from 1647 to 1682 and it has been well preserved to the present day. Its location enabled the supervision of the access to Split due to which it was crucial for its defence

The Aquila tower: a part of the Renaissance coastal defence system of Pučišća

[EN] At the end of the fifteenth century the Ottoman Empire won the land at the middle of the eastern side of the Adriatic, between the town of Omiš and the Neretva River. Thus exposing the northern settlements of the island of Brač, which were under the Venetian Administration at the time, to immediate danger from the Turkish invasion. The settlement of Pučišća was particularly vulnerable. Therefore, the settlement was intensively fortified, and a series of thirteen individual small coastal towers was built, after which the entire settlement was named Castello Pucischia in 1600. One of these towers –the Aquila tower– had a key role in defending Pučišća during the OttomanVenetian War, also known as the War of Cyprus (1570-1573). The Aquila tower was built at the beginning of the sixteenth century and today it is a well-preserved detached building situated on the Pučišća coast. Despite all the damage and transformations endured in the past, all the tower elements have been sufficiently preserved to reconstruct its original appearance, including the residential character of the overall interior: a stone wardrobe and a built-in stone basin (Cro. pilo), a fireplace, stairs, as well as those of a defensive character: mechanisms for lifting the drawbridge, loopholes, cannon openings, channels for extracting gunpowder smoke. The wooden beams’ supports in the walls above the first floor have also been preserved, as well as the barrel vault over the ground floor and the groin vault over the second floor which are still intact even today. On the external of the tower, the original corbels of machicolations as well as the semi-circular cornice above the escarp are partially preserved. By analysing the remains of the tower and by studying historical and bibliographic sources, a reconstruction of the original appearance of the Aquila tower has been made, both for the external and internal part, including transformations that took place over the time, since its construction to the present day. This has contributed to the knowledge of the typology of Renaissance coastal fortifications as well as to providing basis for potential renovation and reconstruction of the Aquila tower.Perojević, S.; Trifunović, B. (2020). The Aquila tower: a part of the Renaissance coastal defence system of Pučišća. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1327-1334. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11423OCS1327133

Construction of the Lazaretto in Split

Od kraja XVI. stoljeća splitski lazaret je ključno mjesto trgovačke razmjene Osmanlijskog Carstva i Mletačke Republike u kojem se provodi karantena kao mjera zaštite od kužnih epidemija. Izgrađivan je u nekoliko faza od 1583. do 1629. godine, kada zauzima najveću površinu. Venecija u doba Kandijskog rata, zbog ekonomskoga značenja lazareta, odlučuje Split opasati bastionskim sustavom utvrda i time ga spašava od turskog osvajanja. U to doba zamire trgovina i počinje transformacija lazareta, koji u smanjenom obujmu djeluje do polovice XVIII. stoljeća. Nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata u cijelosti se uklanja.By the end of the 16th century, the Split Lazaretto grew into a significant trade centre between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice functioning at the same time as a quarantine against infectious epidemics. Its construction was carried out in several stages between 1583 and 1629 when it finally reached its full size area. Due to the economic significance of the Lazaretto during the Candian war, the Republic of Venice, made a decision to enclose Split by a system of fortifications in order to protect it from Turkish conquests. At that time, trading activities ceased and the Lazaretto was gradually transformed. Its function, however, continued on a limited scale until the mid 18th century. By the end of the Second World War it was entirely demolished

SKETCHES OF JERKO MARASOVIĆ’S IMPRESSIVE CAREER

Arhitekt Jerko Marasović čitav je svoj životni vijek posvetio istraživanju i obnovi graditeljskoga naslijeđa Splita te je rezultatima svog rada neprocjenjivo pridonio saznanjima o prostornom razvoju grada Splita i izvornom izgledu Dioklecijanove palače. Pod njegovim vodstvom istraženi su i obnovljeni brojni dijelovi povijesne jezgre Splita, a rezultate svojega cjelovitog pristupa obradi graditeljskog naslijeđa sažeo je u metodologiji obrade graditeljskog naslijeđa koja je danas općeprihvaćena u radovima obnove.This paper is a reflection of a humble attempt to sketch the impressive career of Jerko Marasović as a brilliant scientist and arhitect, or, in his own words, an impressive builder. He was born in Split in 1923, in a family of architects, and, at an early age, developed an interest in art and architecture. He studied in Zagreb, in a town that furtherly inspired him to embrace architectural profession as his future calling. After graduation, he returned to his hometown to find yet another inspiration: Diocletian’s Palace. Gaining an insight into its rich heritage soon became the main purpose of his scientific research, which eventually made him a true connoisseur of the Palace. After graduation from the Technical Faculty Architecture Department in Zagreb, in 1952, he spent some time working at Conservation Institute of Dalmatia in Split. In search of a more challenging position, he started working at the Town Planning Institute of Dalmatia in 1954. There he founded the Architectural Heritage Department. Marasović was head of the department until 1979. The department carried out research and data analysis in order to rehabilitate the built heritage of Split, with the emphasis on Diocletian’s Palace. The first results were noted in 1957. The research revealed many unknown elements of the original appearance of the Palace: the original staircase, situated underneath the Vestibule, that connected the Peristyle with the substructure area; the staircase for the upper Vestibule area and the original lower level pavement of the Peristyle. Almost one quarter of the emperor residence substructures were excavated in the west portion of the Palace, that is, in the area from a big prismatic room to a perimetral wall. In the period 1968-1974, Marasović was in charge of the international project, under the name of the Research of Diocletian’s Palace. The project was the joint effort of the Town Planning Institute of Dalmatia and the University of Minnesota. Although Split was the very centre of his interest, he worked on the research, preservation and restoration of the architectural heritage in Dalmatia and Istria. In the course of research work, he developed a unique approach to architectural heritage, which was subsequently presented in his doctorate thesis A Contribution to the Methods of Approaching the Architectural Heritage. He gained his doctor’s degree at the Faculty of Architecture in Zagreb, in 1978. His unique approach was soon recognized by experts all around the world, which, had as a result, a large number of joint projects. This multidisciplinary approach is still widely acclaimed and applied at every stage of the architectural heritage research. Jerko Marasović actively participated in a large number of national and international conferences. He also published a certain number of papers and books, and also received many awards for his significant contribution to scientific research. Jerko Marasović was both a brilliant scientist and skilled architect who favoured modern architecture. In this light, he and his colleague Galić were awarded for modern design project of primary school in Klis. From 1982 to 1991, he was full professor at the Faculty of Architecture in Zagreb. He was one of the founders of the postgraduate study course The Built Heritage. From 1986 to 1989, he was head of the postgraduate studies and became its coordinator in 1994. In 1991, Marasović became head of the Built Heritage Institute at Faculty of Architecture in Zagreb. Finally, from 1991 to 2004 he was head of the Mediterranean Centre for the Built Heritage in Split. His research of Diocletian’s Palace revealed the majority of its hidden portions. The most important portions revealed were two central constructions of the Palace: a triclinium, situated in the original funeral zone of the Vestibule, and staircases that connected the Peristyle and the south seagate of the Palace. Amongst other discoveries, the most significant were, as follows: the emperor’s residence substructures, whose original appearance was subsequently restored; ancient baths in the west and east portions of the Palace; rooms and staircases situated by perimetral walls; the sewage; building technology and materials, etc. Marasović also devoted his scientific career to revealing phases of development of Split. In this light, he produced many project studies related to the city development: by simple three-dimensional drawings, he revealed the built heritage to the common people. This method of presenting a city development is currently applied in the research of the built heritage. Its influence is also often reflected in a large number of papers as well as in master and doctoral theses. In order to produce the aforementioned drawings, Marasović invented a perspective construction device. Apart from his admiration for building, he particularly loved the sea, ships, navigation and fishing. He himself designed and constructed a nine metre long sailing boat and sailed across the Adriatic. Those fortunate enough to know him, thought of him as a very special individual, a true homo universalis. He approached science with passion and was always eager to share his vast amount of knowledge. As he himself used to say, citing the well-known verse by Hektorović, A sve ča se čini na Božju jest slavu, Na pomoć općini, meni na zabavu. Or, in rough translation, But everything that is done, is done for God’s glory, For the sake of all, and the fun of my own

Roman sewer of Diocletian\u27s palace in Split

Dioklecijanova palača u Splitu, sagrađena početkom IV. stoljeća, najbolje je sačuvana kasnoantička palača u svijetu. Palača kao i svi drugi urbanizirani prostori u Rimskom Carstvu imala je sustav vodoopskrbe i odvodnje i to kao carska građevina vjerojatno najbolji. U ovom članku sabrana su sva dosadašnja znanja i svi nalazi sustava kanalizacije unutar cijele Palače i u njenoj neposrednoj blizini te su doneseni novi zaključci o projektu i realizaciji tog značajnog, detaljno planiranog i izvedenog antičkog infrastrukturnog objekta.Diocletian\u27s palace, built at the beginning of the 4th. century, is the best preserved Late Roman palace in the world. The Palace, as all urbanized spaces, had its water supply and sewerage and, as an imperial building, the best one. All the former knowledge and findings of the sewage system, inside and outside of the Palace and new conclusions on project and realisation of this important, detaily planned and built roman infrastructural facilty are gathered in this article

Spatial Development of the Southeast Part of Diocletian’s Palace*

Jugoistočni dio Dioklecijanove palače razvijao se drugačije od ostalih njezinih dijelova te je stoga drugačije tretiran u radovima očuvanja i obnove. Srednjovjekovni nadbiskupski posjed koristio se antičkim prostorijama koje su se većim dijelom očuvale sve do početka XVI. stoljeća. Rušenjem nadbiskupske palače nad zasutim je podrumima nastao slobodan prostor koji se od druge polovice XVI. stoljeća nadalje postupno izgrađuje. Ta novija izgradnja nije vezana za antički raster podruma. Temeljenje dijelom na nasipu, a dijelom na antičkim supstrukcijama utjecalo je na stabilnost građevina koje su u XX. stoljeću u ruševnom stanju.The southeast part of Diocletian\u27s Palace developed in a different way from the other parts, and it was thus treated differently in conservation and restoration. The medieval archbishopric used the Roman halls and they were mostly preserved until the early 16th century. When the archbishop\u27s palace, that stood above the filled-in basements, was pulled down the ensuing empty space was gradually built up after the second half of the 16th century. This newer construction ignored the classical grid of the basements. The buildings were partly founded on the rubble of the fill, and partly on the Roman substructures, which affected their stability so that were in a ruinous state in the 20th century

Study of the Aqueduct of Salona 2014-2015

U ovom radu bit će prezentirani rezultati istraživanja trase i značajki Salonitanskog akvedukta koji su provedeni tijekom prve godine znanstvenog projekta “Antički vodni sustavi grada Salone i Dioklecijanove palače i njihov utjecaj na održivost urbane sredine” koji financira Hrvatska zaklada za znanost. Prvi put je u cijelosti utvrđena trasa akvedukta, njegov uzdužni profil, kapacitet i karakteristični presjeci u različitim terenskim uvjetima, kao i način gradnje.This paper will present the results obtained by the study of the route and the physical characteristics of the Aqueduct of Salona. The study was conducted during the first year of the research project entitled “Ancient Water Systems of Salona and the Diocletian’s Palace and Their Impact on the Sustainability of the Urban Environment”, which has been financed by the Croatian Science Foundation. The significance of the study lies in the fact that, the overall route of the Aqueduct, its longitudinal profile, capacity, typical sections in various field conditions, as well as the method of construction have been determined for the first time

Roman sewer of Diocletian's palace in Split

Diocletian's palace, built at the beginning of the 4th. century, is the best preserved Late Roman palace in the world. The Palace, as all urbanized spaces, had its water supply and sewerage and, as an imperial building, the best one. All the former knowledge and findings of the sewage system, inside and outside of the Palace and new conclusions on project and realisation of this important, detaily planned and built roman infrastructural facilty are gathered in this article