Dinamika leta muhe masline Bactrocera oleae Gmel. (Diptera, Tephritidae) na području Bara

Bactrocera oleae is the most importanat olive pest in Montenegro. The infestation is located only on the fruit and results in significant damage and for this reason, induces the neccessity for its control. Various control methods and applications of chemical substances are directed towards suppression of adults and have preventive character, therefore monitoring of abundance and flight dynamics is of high importance. Trials were set in olive plantation of Centre for subtropical cultures in Bar, on native variety Žutica, in three years period (the year of 2005, 2006 and 2007). Flight dynamics was monitored by chromotropic and pheromone traps of Dacotrap type, during the period from July to the end of October in all years of monitoring. Traps were monitored once a week and the flight dynamics of fly is showen through the average abundance of females and males on chromotropic and pheromone traps. In the region of Bar, which is the biggest olive area in Montenegro seaside, olive fly developes several generations during one year. Generations interleave with each other and therefore the fly is present in plantations, with different appearance intensity, from begining of July untill the middle of December, and in some years the flight lasts even longer, so the presence of adults is also detected in January. The maximum abundance, reffering to the most intensive flight is during September and October. Chromotropic traps hold out a more precise evaluation of population abundance present in the plantation, while pheromone traps are very important in infestation forecast and appropriate treatment timing determination.Bactrocera oleae je najznačajniji štetnik masline u Crnoj Gori. Napada isključivo plod i pričinjava značajne štete, zbog čega se nameće potreba njenog suzbijanja. Različite metode suzbijanja i upotreba kemijskih sredstava usmjereni su na suzbijanje imaga i imaju preventivni karakter, te je praćenje brojnosti i dinamike leta od izuzetnog značaja. Istraživanja su izvedena u zasadu masline Centra za suptropske kulture u Baru, na autohtonoj sorti žutica, u trogodišnjem periodu (2004, 2005 i 2006. godine). Dinamika leta muhe masline praćena je pomoću hromotropskih i feromonskih lovki tipa Dacotrap, u periodu od srpnja do kraja listopada u svim godinama posmatranja. Pregled lovki vršen je jednom tjedno, a dinamika leta muhe izražena je preko prosječnog broja ženki i mužjaka na hromotropskim i feromonskim lovkama. Na području Bara, koje je i najveće maslinarsko područje na crnogorskom primorju, muha masline razvije više generacija u tijekom godine. Generacije se međusobno preklapaju pa je muha u zasadima, sa različitim intenzitetom pojave, prisutna od početka srpnja do polovice prosinca, a pojedinih godina let traje i duže, pa se prisustvo imaga detektuje i u siječnju. Najveća brojnost, odnosno najintenzivniji let je tokom rujna i listopada. Hromotropske lovke nude precizniju procjenu brojnosti populacije prisutne u zasadu, dok su feromonske lovke veoma značajne za prognozu infestacije i određivanje pravog momenta za tretiranje

Dinamika leta muhe masline Bactrocera oleae Gmel. (Diptera, Tephritidae) na području Bara

Bactrocera oleae is the most importanat olive pest in Montenegro. The infestation is located only on the fruit and results in significant damage and for this reason, induces the neccessity for its control. Various control methods and applications of chemical substances are directed towards suppression of adults and have preventive character, therefore monitoring of abundance and flight dynamics is of high importance. Trials were set in olive plantation of Centre for subtropical cultures in Bar, on native variety Žutica, in three years period (the year of 2005, 2006 and 2007). Flight dynamics was monitored by chromotropic and pheromone traps of Dacotrap type, during the period from July to the end of October in all years of monitoring. Traps were monitored once a week and the flight dynamics of fly is showen through the average abundance of females and males on chromotropic and pheromone traps. In the region of Bar, which is the biggest olive area in Montenegro seaside, olive fly developes several generations during one year. Generations interleave with each other and therefore the fly is present in plantations, with different appearance intensity, from begining of July untill the middle of December, and in some years the flight lasts even longer, so the presence of adults is also detected in January. The maximum abundance, reffering to the most intensive flight is during September and October. Chromotropic traps hold out a more precise evaluation of population abundance present in the plantation, while pheromone traps are very important in infestation forecast and appropriate treatment timing determination.Bactrocera oleae je najznačajniji štetnik masline u Crnoj Gori. Napada isključivo plod i pričinjava značajne štete, zbog čega se nameće potreba njenog suzbijanja. Različite metode suzbijanja i upotreba kemijskih sredstava usmjereni su na suzbijanje imaga i imaju preventivni karakter, te je praćenje brojnosti i dinamike leta od izuzetnog značaja. Istraživanja su izvedena u zasadu masline Centra za suptropske kulture u Baru, na autohtonoj sorti žutica, u trogodišnjem periodu (2004, 2005 i 2006. godine). Dinamika leta muhe masline praćena je pomoću hromotropskih i feromonskih lovki tipa Dacotrap, u periodu od srpnja do kraja listopada u svim godinama posmatranja. Pregled lovki vršen je jednom tjedno, a dinamika leta muhe izražena je preko prosječnog broja ženki i mužjaka na hromotropskim i feromonskim lovkama. Na području Bara, koje je i najveće maslinarsko područje na crnogorskom primorju, muha masline razvije više generacija u tijekom godine. Generacije se međusobno preklapaju pa je muha u zasadima, sa različitim intenzitetom pojave, prisutna od početka srpnja do polovice prosinca, a pojedinih godina let traje i duže, pa se prisustvo imaga detektuje i u siječnju. Najveća brojnost, odnosno najintenzivniji let je tokom rujna i listopada. Hromotropske lovke nude precizniju procjenu brojnosti populacije prisutne u zasadu, dok su feromonske lovke veoma značajne za prognozu infestacije i određivanje pravog momenta za tretiranje

Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Presence and Distribution in Montenegro

Box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis was detected for the first time in June 2014 when severe devastation of Buxus sp. was noticed in urban area of the city of Herceg Novi. In the next several months, the pest rapidly spread along the Montenegro seacoast. The tendency of spreading was continued in the following years. Severely infested box trees were completely dried out, while on those that still were partially green, leaves were markedly chewed and webbed by silk together with twigs. Damages are usually noticed late because young larvae are deeply hidden among Buxus twigs and leaves. Mature larvae can completely defoliate Buxus bushes and plants can lose all the leaves within a short period. Morphological features of development stages of the pest were observed in laboratory. Since box trees are traditionally important horticultural plants in Montenegro, this pest could be a serious problem for landscaping and nursery production

Possible Development of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on Different Host Plants in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Tomato leaf miner – Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) is a serious pest of tomato. A study on possible grown host plants of T. absoluta was conducted during 2015 and 2016 in a greenhouse in the area of Banja Luka (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - BiH). As host plants the following were used: Solanum lycopersicum – tomato, Solanum tuberosum – potato, Solanum melongena – eggplant and Phaseolus vulgaris – green bean. The plants were placed into entomological cages and exposed to infestation of 10 adults of Tuta absoluta. Feeding damages by all larval instars and the number of developed generations per year at different host plants were observed under greenhouse conditions. The study showed that tomato is a preferable host plant. This paper is the first record of green bean as an incompatible host plant for T. absoluta in BiH

First records of Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) and Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, (Hemiptera: Psyllidae, Aphalaridae) in Montenegro

Albizia psyllid, Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama), and red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, were found in Montenegro for the first time during 2009 and 2012 respectively. Acizzia jamatonica is native to East Asia, and has spread rapidly in Europe since it was first reported from Italy in 2002. It was first collected from Albizzia julibrissin in Podgorica, September 2009, and subsequently from Albizzia sp. and A. julibrissin in Herceg Novi, October 2010, and June and October 2012, and from A. julibrissin in Kotor, October 2012. Glycaspis brimblecombei is native to Australia, and has been rapidly spreading in Europe since it was first reported from Portugal and Spain in 2007. It was collected on Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Bar, October 2012. Both species of psyllid have the potential to damage amenity trees in urban environments and in commercial plant nurseries

The Productivity Analysis of Five Leading Potato Varieties in the Agroecological Conditions of a Mountainous Region in Montenegro

An analysis of genetic productivity potential of five leading varieties in Montenegro (Kennebec, Agria, Aladdin, Tresor and Riviera) was conducted during 2010 and 2011 in the municipalities of Žabljak region, on mountainous black soil at 1,500 meters of altitude. The highest number of tubers was found in a parcel planted with Tresor and Aladdin- 8.5, while the lowest number of tubers was found in Kennebec- 6.8 tubers per plant. Comparing to other tested varieties, Kennebec had a significantly lower number of tubers. On average, Kennebec and Tresor had the largest tubers (96 and 91 g), and differences found were statistically very significant. The biggest tuber yield was measured in Tresor – 32.5 t/ha, while the lowest tuber yield was in Agria and Riviera (24.0 and 25.2 t/ha). Tresor had significantly higher tuber production comparing to other varieties

Detection and phylogenetic analyses of fig-infecting viruses in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro

During spring 2016, a survey was carried out in Bosnian-Herzegovinian (BiH) and Montenegrin (MNE) fig orchards, germplasm collection plots and outdoor gardens, to investigate the presence of unreported fig viruses possibly present in both countries, i.e. Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig cryptic virus 1 (FCV-1), Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV) and Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1); as well as those previously reported, i.e. Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig mild mottle-associated virus (FMMaV) and Fig mosaic emaravirus (FMV). A total of 84 fig samples (49 from BIH and 35 from MNE) were collected and tested by PCR/RT-PCR using sets of virus-specific primers. Results showed that FBV-1 was the prevailing virus with all samples (100%) infected, followed by FLMaV-1 (54%), FMV (35%), FMMaV (7%), FFkaV (6%) and FLMaV-2 (1%); whereas FLV-1 and FCV-1 were not detected. Excluding the FBV-1 detection, 35% of tested trees were infected with at least one other virus. Sequence analyses of PCR/RT-PCR fragments obtained from different viruses showed that FBV-1 was the least variable (0.9% of nucleotides divergent) compared with FLMaV-1 (15.7% sequence variation), FLMaV-2 (17.4%), FMMaV (14.9%), FMV (16.9%) and FFkaV (14.3%). Phylogenetic trees constructed with obtained sequences, together with their homologues retrieved from the Genbank database, showed distinct separation of the BiH and MNE isolates from those of different origins, in particular for FFkaV and FMV; whereas for closteroviruses (FLMaV-1, FLMaV-2 and FMMaV), there was no distinction between the isolates. This is the first report on sequence analyses of fig viruses in this geographical region, and of the presence of FBV-1 in BiH and MNE, and of FLMaV-2 and FFkaV

Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Causal Agent of Citrus Blast of Mandarin in Montenegro

Citrus blast caused by bacterium Pseudomonas syringae is a very important disease of citrus occuring in many areas of the world, but with few data about genetic structure of the pathogen involved. Considering the above fact, this study reports genetic characterization of 43 P syringae isolates obtained from plant tissue displaying citrus blast symptoms on mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in Montenegro, using multilocus sequence analysis of gyrB, rpoD, and gapl gene sequences. Gene sequences from a collection of 54 reference pathotype strains of P syringae from the Plant Associated and Environmental Microbes Database (PAMDB) was used to establish a genetic relationship with our isolates obtained from mandarin. Phylogenetic analyses of gyrB, rpoD, and gapl gene sequences showed that P syringae pv. syringae causes citrus blast in mandarin in Montenegro, and belongs to genomospecies 1. Genetic homogeneity of isolates suggested that the Montenegrian population might be clonal which indicates a possible common source of infection. These findings may assist in further epidemiological studies of this pathogen and for determining mandarin breeding strategies for P syringae control

Diverzitet faune Auchenorrhyncha u vinogradima Crne Gore

The investigation of faunal diversity of Auchenorryncha of Montenegro was conducted in vineyards at six localities. Insects were collected using sweep nets and mouth-aspirators from grapevine at localities Martinići, Beri, Drušići, Šušunja, Godinje and Nudo. A total number of collected specimens was 3579, belonging to 10 families, 32 genera and 39 species. The most numerous was family Cicadellidae with 22 species, followed by Cixidae (4), Issidae (3), Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae and Tettigometridae with two species and Delphacidae, Dictyopharidae, Flatidae and Membracidae with one species recorded. The most abundant were species belonging to the families Cercopidae, Cicadellidae, Dictyopharidae and Cixiidae. Confirmed vector of BN phytoplasma, H. obsoletus was highly abundant, while the presence of potential vector, D. europaea was also recorded.Istraživanje diverziteta faune Auchenorryncha u Crnoj Gori sprovedeno je u vinogradima na 6 lokaliteta. Cikade su sakupljane metodom košenja tokom 2010. i 2011. godine u vinogradima na lokalitetima Martinići, Beri, Drušići, Šušunja, Godinje i Nudo. Ukupno je sakupljeno 3579 primeraka među kojima je identifikovano 39 vrsta iz 32 roda i 10 familja. Familija Cicadellidae je bila zastupljena sa najvećim brojem vrsta (22), fam. Cixiidae sa 4 vrste, a fam. Issidae sa 3 vrste. Sa po 2 vrste bile su zastupljene fam. Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae i Tettigometridae, dok su fam. Delphacidae, Dictyopharidae, Flatidae i Membracidae bile zastupljene sa po jednom vrstom. U najvećoj brojnosti prisutne su vrste iz familija Cercopidae, Cicadellidae, Dictyopharidae i Cixiidae. Od potvrđenih vektora Bois noir fitoplazme u visokoj brojnosti prisutna je vrsta Hyalesthes obsoletus, dok je od potencijalnih vektora utvrđeno prisustvo vrste Dictyophara europaea

Population Dynamics of Pre-Imaginal Stages of Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae Gmel. (Diptera, Tephritidae) in the Region of Bar (Montenegro)

Olive fruit fly is the most harmful pest of olive fruits and important for oil production.Damage involves yield reduction as a consequence of premature fruit drop, but also areduced quality of olive oil and olive products. There is little available data regarding thebiology of Bactrocera oleae in Montenegro. Knowledge of the pest life cycle and developmentwould improve optimization of insecticide application timing and protection offruits, and reduce adverse effects on the environment.Investigation was conducted on the Žutica variety in an olive grove located in Bar duringa three-year period. Population dynamics of the pre-imaginal stages and level of fruitinfestation were monitored from mid-July until the end of October.The results of this three-year investigation showed that the beginning of infestationwas always at the end of July. It was also found that, depending on environmental conditions,the level of infestation was low until the end of August. In September and October itmultiplied, and reached maximum by the end of October.Regarding infestation structure, eggs and first instar larvae were the dominant developmentalstages of the pest until the middle of September. From mid-September until mid-October all developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae) were equally present in infestedfruits. Pupae, cocoons and abandoned galleries prevailed until the harvest