Cycling for freezing of gait

Contains fulltext : 87977.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Images in clinical medicine. Cycling for freezing of gait.

Contains fulltext : 88203.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Tackling freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease

Contains fulltext : 93605.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 04 juni 2012Promotor : Bloem, B.R. Co-promotor : Toni, I.293 p

Cycling is less affected than walking in freezers of gait.

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Why old people fall (and how to stop them).

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Assessing the interplay between cognition and gait in the clinical setting.

In this review, we outline how the influence of cognitive processes on gait or balance can be appreciated in a clinical setting. Careful history taking of the patient or direct carer provides information about multiple task problems in daily life and the presence of cognitive impairment, depression or fear of falling. Physical examination may reveal abnormalities such as an inappropriately high walking speed or an inability to handle secondary tasks while walking. Assessment of frontal executive function helps to understand the nature of these multiple task problems and to detect "risky" behaviour caused by frontal disinhibition. Examples of clinically useable techniques include pressure-sensitive insoles or an electronic walkway (to record strides) or accelerometers (to measure body motion while walking). Combining these assessments may lead to a better appreciation of the fascinating but complex interplay between cognition and gait

[Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression; stimulation of the brain in order to cure the psyche]

Contains fulltext : 58935.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive approach to briefly stimulate or inhibit cortical brain areas. A novel approach entails the delivery of repetitive TMS pulses (rTMS) at a fixed frequency. In rTMS cortical activity is altered beyond the period of actual stimulation. The changes occur locally as well as at a distance in functionally connected brain areas. These features render rTMS a suitable tool to study normal brain functions and the pathophysiology of brain diseases. Furthermore, it is expected that rTMS could be used as a novel therapy for neurological or psychiatric diseases characterised by abnormal cortical activation. This possibility has been studied mostly in patients suffering from depression, where rTMS has been used to restore normal activity in the hypoactive prefrontal cortex. Despite statistically significant therapeutic effects in small sized trials, the clinical implications are still limited