Neonatal outcome of babies born with congenital anomalies after pediatric surgery

Background: Congenital anomalies are the major cause of adverse neonatal outcome and mortality.  Some congenital anomalies are correctable and there is immense role of pediatric surgery in treatment of these anomalies. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of congenital anomalies and to evaluate clinical outcome of babies after surgical intervention. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department during the period of 1 year. All the delivered babies in this hospital during this period were examined by obstetricians and pediatricians for the presence of various congenital anomalies. Babies with correctable anomalies were operated by the Pediatric Surgery Department and outcome of babies at the time of discharge was included. Data were entered into a case record form and then in the excel sheet and were analyzed statistically. Results: During the study period, 1670 babies were delivered in our institution; of which, 32 babies had congenital malformations, giving the prevalence of 1.91%. The system involved predominantly was the gastrointestinal (GI) system (80%). Pregnancy with congenital malformation were associated with malpresentation, anemia and polyhydramnios. Overall, most babies operated for pediatric surgery had good outcome. Conclusions: Pre pregnancy high-dose folic acid supplementation, regular antenatal visits, and prenatal diagnosis are recommended for prevention, early detection and management of congenital anomalies. There is great importance of Level II and NT NB Scan. Pediatric surgery is a boon in babies with correctable anomalies

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Normative study of VO2 max in healthy young adults upon exercise on treadmill and cycle ergometer

Background: As there is a linear relationship between the level of physical activity and health status therefore it is quintessential that an individual’s fitness levels be regularly assessed. Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF), is quantifiable as VO2 max which is maximal oxygen uptake and is generally considered by exercise physiologists as one of the best indicators of physical fitness. This study aimed to establish baseline normative values of VO2 max in healthy central Indian population upon exercise on treadmill and cycle ergometer as assessed in sports physiology laboratory of a rural medical college. Methods: A total of 150 healthy young subjects were included in the study within the age group of 17-28 years. The VO2 max score was evaluated by using metabolic module of lab chart software investigated through power lab data acquisition system, AD instruments. Results: Out of 150 subjects, there were a total of 89 (59.33%) male subjects and 61 (40.66%) female subjects. The mean age of males was 21.20±2.62 years and of females was 20.36±2.69 years. The mean and SD value of VO2 max on treadmill for males was 34.09±4.34 ml/kg/min and for females was 25.09±6.99 ml/kg/min, and on cycle ergometer for males was 32.79±1.85 ml/kg/min and for females was 24.15±5.45 ml/kg/min. Conclusions: The baseline normative data for CRF parameter, VO2 max was established in the current study to lay the foundation for risk assessment to improve patient management

Nutraceuticals: An inspiring therapy for lifestyle diseases

Among natural sources, majorly we consider plant-based phytochemicals to offer safe and longlasting effects. Phytochemicals or secondary metabolites are the extract obtained from herbal plants that serve as an excellent venture for their utilization as formulation. Different nutraceuticals (herbal formulations) have always been a part of the world. Everyone around the world could use these supplements for their benefit. Since the end of the eighth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century, the concept of using products has improved. Nutraceutical food supplement plays an essential role for humans to stay healthy and gets all the important nutrients used for the body's basic metabolism and further prevent all kinds of illnesses. The present review highlights the potential of nutraceuticals against various types of leading life-threatening disorders such as diabetes, obesity, asthma, cardiac conditions, arthritis, cancer, etc. This review focuses on the nutraceuticals that help manage certain many life-threatening disorders

Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of Rubia Cordifolia Linn.

Hyperlipidemia is major problem among population those, who have sedentary life style. The effects of ethanolic and aqueous root extract of Rubiacordifoliain experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rats were investigated. 42 wistar rats of both sexes were used for the study. The animals were completely randomized into seven groups comprising 6 animals each. The groups were treated as follows: Group I: normal diet (ND); Group II: HFD ( Vanaspati ghee + coconut oil mixture in ratio of 3:2 at 10 ml/kg/day); Group III: HFD + Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day); Group IV: HFD+ ethanolic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia low dose(200 mg/kg/day); Group V: HFD + ethanolic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia high dose (400 mg/kg/day); Group VI: HFD + aqueous extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia low dose (200 mg/kg/day); Group VII: HFD + aqueous extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia high dose (400 mg/kg/day). Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding the animals with high fat diet for 21 days before administration of the extract. After 21thday of feeding, administration of extract lasted for 14 days. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanolic and aqueous root extract of Rubia cordifolia contains glycosides, triterpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Overall, findings from the present study suggest that the antihyperlipidemic activity observed with Atorvastatin (10mg/kg oral) and the ethanolic extracts of Rubia cordifolia (400mg/kg) showed better activity thanaqueous extracts of Rubia cordifolia (200mg/kg). Keywords: Rubia cordifolia, body weight, high fat diet, serum lipid, anti-hyperlipidemic activity

A REVIEW ON “HOW EXACTLY DIURETIC DRUGS ARE WORKING IN OUR BODYâ€

Diuretics are among the most commonly used drugs. They act by diminishing sodium reabsorption at different sites in the nephron, thereby increasing urinary sodium and water losses. The ability to induce negative fluid balance has made diuretics useful in the treatment of a variety of conditions, particularly edematous states and hypertension. A review on physiology of kidney, nephron, urine formation, diuretic drugs with their classification and the mechanism of various diuretics are discussed here with neatly described schematic diagrams. Key words Diuretics, Kidney, Nephron, Physiology of urine formation, Mechanism of action of various diuretic drugs