8 research outputs found
Protestantism and anomia: A social psychological study
- Author
- Publication venue
- DigitalCommons@UNO
- Publication date
- 01/08/1969
- Field of study
According to Emile Durkheim, the French sociologist, religion promotes group cohesion. ”The idea of society, he noted, is the soul of religion. ... Not only does religion bind man with his fellow man, but Durkheim also emphasizes that religious participation provides meaning and psychological stability to the individual’s existence
Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity.
- Author
- Aanensen David M
- Abudahab Khalil
- Acheson Erwan
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Adriaenssens Evelien M
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad SY
- Alam Mohammad T
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alderton Alex
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allan John
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Andersson Monique
- Angyal Adrienn
- Aranday-Cortes Elihu
- Ariani Cristina
- Asad Hibo
- Asamaphan Patawee
- Ashworth Jordan
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen
- Auckland Cressida
- Awan Ali R
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E
- Ball Jonathan
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Laura
- Beale Mathew A
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bell Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L
- Berger Duncan J
- Berriman Matt
- Berry Lisa
- Berry Louise
- Betancor Gilberto
- Betteridge Emma
- Bewshea Claire M
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul
- Bishop Chloe
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Boyd Olivia
- Boyes John
- Bradley Declan T
- Bradshaw Daniel
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgewater Hannah E
- Brooks Tony T
- Broos Alice
- Brown Julianne Rose
- Brown Paul E
- Brown Rebecca
- Brunker Kirstyn
- Bucca Giselda
- Buck David
- Buddenborg Sarah K
- Bull Matthew
- Bull Matthew
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Butcher Ethan
- Caddy Sarah L
- Caller Laura G
- Campbell Sharon
- Carlile Matthew
- Carmichael Stephen N
- Casey Anna
- Castellano Sergi
- Chalker Vicki
- Chand Meera
- Chapman Michael R
- Chappell Joseph G
- Charalampous Themoula
- Charles Ian G
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Chauhan Anoop J
- Cheng Jeffrey KJ
- Churcher Carol M
- Clark Gemma
- Coll Francesc
- Collins Jennifer
- Colquhoun Rachel
- Colquhoun Rachel M
- Connor Thomas R
- Connor Thomas R
- Constantinidou Chrystala
- Coombes Jason
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cortes Nicholas
- Cortes Nick
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay J
- Cowell Angela
- Cox Alison
- Craine Noel
- Cronin Michelle
- Crooke Derrick
- Curran Martin D
- Curran Tanya
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrera Gavin
- Danesh John
- Darby Alistair C
- Davidson Rose K
- Davies Alisha
- Davis Thomas
- de Cesare Mariateresa
- De Lacy Elen
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan I
- Debebe Johnny
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dias Joana
- Diaz Maria
- Dibling Thomas
- Dorman Matthew J
- Downing Fatima
- Drury Eleanor
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Dyal Patricia L
- Eccles Richard
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Ellard Sian
- Elliott Scott
- Eltringham Gary
- Elumogo Ngozi
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M
- Eyre David
- Fairley Derek J
- Fallon Karlie
- Farbos Audrey
- Farr Ben
- Feltwell Theresa
- Fina Laia
- Findlay Jacqueline
- Fisher Chloe L
- Fleming Vicki M
- Forrest Leysa M
- Forrest Sally
- Foulser Luke
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeman Timothy M
- Frost Lucy R
- Fuller William
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D
- Garcia-Casado Maria V
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Gavriil Artemis
- Geidelberg Lily
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Gill Harmeet K
- Gilroy Rachel AJ
- Girgis Sophia T
- Glaysher Sharon
- Golubchik Tanya
- Goncalves Sonia
- Goodfellow Ian
- Goodfellow Ian G
- Goodwin Scott
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
- Grammatopoulos Dimitris
- Green Angie
- Green Luke R
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Griffith Luke
- Groves Danielle C
- Groves Natalie
- Guest Martyn
- Gulliver Huw
- Gutierrez Ana Victoria
- Hadjirin Nazreen F
- Haldenby Sam T
- Hale Antony D
- Hall Grant
- Halstead Fenella
- Hamilton William L
- Haque Tanzina
- Harper Katherine L
- Harris Kathryn Ann
- Harrison Ewan M
- Harrison Ian
- Harrison James W
- Hartman Hassan
- Hattersley Andrew
- Heaney Judith
- Helmer Thomas
- Hesketh Andrew R
- Heyburn David
- Higginson Ellen E
- Hill Verity
- Hill Verity
- Hilvers Ember
- Hiscox Julian A
- Holden Matthew TG
- Holmes Alison
- Holmes Christopher
- Holmes Nadine
- Hoosdally Sarah
- Hopes Richard
- Hosmillo Myra
- Houldcroft Charlotte J
- Howe Robin
- Howson-Wells Hannah C
- Hubb Jonathan
- Hughes Joseph
- Hughes Margaret
- Hunter Adam D
- Hutchings Stephanie
- Impey Robert
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson David A
- Jackson David K
- Jackson Kathryn A
- Jahun Aminu S
- James Keith
- Jamrozy Dorota
- Jarrett Ruth
- Jeffries Aaron R
- Jesudason Natasha
- Jesudason Natasha G
- John Michaela
- Johnson Kate
- Johnson Natasha
- Johnson Rob
- Johnson Robert
- Johnston Ian
- Jones Hannah
- Jones Katie
- Jones Rachel
- Jones Sophie
- Jorgensen David
- Jorgensen David
- Joseph Amelia
- Justice Anita
- Kane Leanne
- Kay Gemma L
- Kay Sally
- Keatley Jon-Paul
- Keeley Alexander J
- Kenyon Anita
- Kermack Leanne M
- Khakh Manjinder
- Khokhar Fahad A
- Kidd Stephen
- Kingsley Robert A
- Kitchen Christine
- Knight Bridget A
- Kolyva Anastasia
- Koshy Cherian
- Kraemer Moritz
- Kristiansen Mark
- Kumziene-Summerhayes Sara
- Kwiatkowski Dominic
- Lackenby Angie
- Langford Cordelia
- Lawniczak Mara
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Lee David
- Lee Jack CD
- Letchford Laura
- Levene Nick
- Levett Lisa J
- Li Kathy
- Li Kathy K
- Liggett Steven
- Lindsey Benjamin B
- Lister Michelle M
- Livett Rich
- Lloyd Allyson
- Lo Stephanie
- Loh Joshua
- Loman Nicholas J
- Loman Nicholas J
- Loose Matthew W
- Loveson Katie F
- Lowe Hannah
- Lucaci Anita O
- Ludden Catherine
- Lynch Jessica
- Lyons Ronan A
- Macfarlane-Smith Louissa R
- Machin Nicholas W
- MacIntyre-Cockett George
- Madona Pinglawathee
- Maes Mailis
- Mahungu Tabitha W
- Mair Daniel
- Maksimovic Joshua
- Manesis Nikos
- Manley Robin
- Manso Carmen
- Marchbank Angela
- Martincorena Inigo
- Martinez-Nunez Rocio T
- Masoli Jane AH
- Mason Jenifer
- Mather Alison E
- Mbisa Tamyo
- McCluggage Kathryn
- McClure Patrick C
- McCrone John T
- McCrone JT
- McGuigan Samantha
- McHugh Martin P
- McKenna James P
- McKerr Caoimhe
- McMinn Liz
- McMurray Claire
- Meader Emma J
- Meadows Lizzie
- Menegazzo Mirko
- Meredith Luke W
- Merrick Ian
- Mestek-Boukhibar Lamia
- Miah Shahjahan
- Michell Stephen L
- Michelsen Michelle L
- Molnar Zoltan
- Monaghan Lynn
- Mookerjee Siddharth
- Moore Catherine
- Moore Catrin
- Moore Christopher
- Moore Nathan
- Morgan Mari
- Morgan Sian
- Mori Matilde
- Moses Samuel
- Muir Peter
- Munn Robert
- Myers Richard
- Nascimento Fabricia F
- Nascimento Fabricia F
- Naydenova Plamena
- Neaverson Alexandra S
- Nebbia Gaia
- Nelson Andrew
- Nelson Charlotte
- Nelson Rachel
- Nicholls Sam
- Nicholls Samuel M
- Nichols Jenna
- Niebel Marc O
- Niola Paola
- Nomikou Kyriaki
- O'Toole Elaine
- O'Toole Áine
- Orton Richard J
- Osman Husam
- Ott Sascha
- O’Grady Justin
- O’Toole Áine
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Padgett Debra
- Page Andrew J
- Palmer Sophie
- Palmer Steve
- Panchbhaya Yasmin N
- Pandey Sarojini
- Park Naomi
- Parker Matthew D
- Parmar Surendra
- Parr Yasmin A
- Parsons Paul J
- Partridge David G
- Pascall David J
- Patel Gaurang
- Patel Minal
- Patel Vineet
- Paterson Steve
- Payne Brendan AI
- Peacock Sharon J
- Pearson Clare
- Perry Malorie
- Peto Timothy
- Pinckert Malte L
- Platt Steven
- Plimmer Amy
- Poplawski Radoslaw
- Potter Will
- Prakash Reenesh
- Prestwood Liam
- Price Anna
- Price Anna
- Price James
- Puethe Christoph
- Pybus Oliver
- Pybus Oliver G
- Pymont Hannah M
- Quail Mike
- Quick Joshua
- Raghwani Jayna
- Ragonnet-Cronin Manon
- Rainbow Lucille
- Rajatileka Shavanthi
- Rambaut Andrew
- Rambaut Andrew
- Ramsay Mary
- Randell Paul A
- Raviprakash Veena
- Raza Mohammad
- Resende Silva Paola C
- Rey Sara
- Rey Sara M
- Reynolds Nicola
- Richter Alex
- Robertson David L
- Robertson David L
- Robinson Esther
- Robinson Trevor I
- Robson Samuel C
- Rogers Hazel A
- Rooke Stefan
- Rowan Aileen
- Rowe Will
- Roy Sunando
- Rudder Steven
- Ruis Chris
- Ryan Felicity
- Sambles Christine M
- Sang Fei
- Scarlett Garry P
- Schaefer Ulf
- Scher Emily
- Scott Carol
- Scott Garren
- Sethi Dheeraj K
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shah Divya
- Shah Rajiv
- Shah Rajiv N
- Shankar Giri
- Shaw Robert
- Shepherd James
- Shepherd James G
- Sheriff Nicola
- Shirley Lesley
- Signell Adrian W
- Sillitoe John
- Simpson David A
- Singer Joshua B
- Sivaprakasam Venkat
- Siveroni Igor
- Siveroni Igor
- Sloan Tim J
- Sluga Graciela
- Smith Christen
- Smith Colin P
- Smith Darren L
- Smith Nikki
- Smith Wendy
- Smollett Katherine L
- Snell Luke B
- Souster Emily
- Southgate Joel
- Southgate Joel
- Spellman Karla
- Spencer-Chapman Michael
- Sridhar Sushmita
- Stanley Rachael
- Stanton Thomas D
- Starinskij Igor
- Stark Richard
- Stockton Joanne
- Stuart Claire
- Studholme David J
- Swindells Emma
- Swingler Tracey
- Taha Yusri
- Tang Julian
- Taylor Ben EW
- Taylor Graham P
- Taylor Sarah
- Taylor-Joyce Grace
- Tedim Ana P
- Temperton Ben
- Templeton Kate E
- Thompson Thomas
- Thomson Emma C
- Thomson Emma C
- Thomson Nicholas M
- Thornton Alicia
- Thurston Scott
- Todd John A
- Tong Lily
- Tonkin-Hill Gerry
- Torok M Estee
- Trebes Amy
- Trotter Alexander J
- Tsoleridis Theocharis
- Tucker Rachel M
- Turtle Lance
- Tutill Helena J
- Underwood Anthony P
- Unnikrishnan Meera
- Vamos Edith E
- Vasylyeva Tetyana
- Vattipally Sreenu
- Vipond Ian B
- Volz Erik
- Volz Erik M
- Wain John
- Walsh Sarah
- Wang Dennis
- Wantoch Michelle
- Warne Ben
- Warwick-Dugdale Joanna
- Wastenge Elizabeth
- Watkins Joanne
- Watts Joanne
- Waugh Sheila
- Webber Mark A
- Weeks Sam
- Weldon Danni
- Whitehead Mark
- Williams Charlotte A
- Williams Chris
- Williams David
- Williams Rachel J
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
- Williamson Kathleen A
- Willingham Iona
- Wilson Harry D
- Wise Emma
- Workman Trudy
- Wright Victoria
- Wyles Matthew
- Wyllie Sarah
- Yakovleva Anna
- Yasir Muhammad
- Yeats Corin A
- Yew Wen C
- Young Gregory R
- Young Jamie
- Yu Xiaoyu
- Zarebski Alex
- Publication venue
- Cell
- Publication date
- 01/09/2020
- Field of study
Global dispersal and increasing frequency of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G are suggestive of a selective advantage but may also be due to a random founder effect. We investigate the hypothesis for positive selection of spike D614G in the United Kingdom using more than 25,000 whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Despite the availability of a large dataset, well represented by both spike 614 variants, not all approaches showed a conclusive signal of positive selection. Population genetic analysis indicates that 614G increases in frequency relative to 614D in a manner consistent with a selective advantage. We do not find any indication that patients infected with the spike 614G variant have higher COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity, but 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients. Significant differences in growth and size of 614G phylogenetic clusters indicate a need for continued study of this variant
Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity
- Author
- Aanensen David M.
- Abudahab Khalil
- Acheson Erwan
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Adriaenssens Evelien M.
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad S.Y.
- Alam Mohammad T.
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alderton Alex
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allan John
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Andersson Monique
- Angyal Adrienn
- Aranday-Cortes Elihu
- Ariani Cristina
- Asad Hibo
- Asamaphan Patawee
- Ashworth Jordan
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen
- Auckland Cressida
- Awan Ali R.
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J.
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E.
- Ball Jonathan
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Laura
- Beale Mathew A.
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bell Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L.
- Berger Duncan J.
- Berriman Matt
- Berry Lisa
- Berry Louise
- Betancor Gilberto
- Betteridge Emma
- Bewshea Claire M.
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul
- Bishop Chloe
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Boyd Olivia
- Boyes John
- Bradley Declan T.
- Bradshaw Daniel
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgewater Hannah E.
- Brooks Tony T.
- Broos Alice
- Brown Julianne Rose
- Brown Paul E.
- Brown Rebecca
- Brunker Kirstyn
- Bucca Giselda
- Buck David
- Buddenborg Sarah K.
- Bull Matthew
- Bull Matthew
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Butcher Ethan
- Caddy Sarah L.
- Caller Laura G.
- Campbell Sharon
- Carlile Matthew
- Carmichael Stephen N.
- Casey Anna
- Castellano Sergi
- Chalker Vicki
- Chand Meera
- Chapman Michael R.
- Chappell Joseph G.
- Charalampous Themoula
- Charles Ian G.
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Chauhan Anoop J.
- Cheng Jeffrey K.J.
- Churcher Carol M.
- Clark Gemma
- Coll Francesc
- Collins Jennifer
- Colquhoun Rachel
- Colquhoun Rachel M.
- Connor Thomas R.
- Connor Thomas R.
- Constantinidou Chrystala
- Coombes Jason
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cortes Nicholas
- Cortes Nick
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay J.
- Cowell Angela
- Cox Alison
- Craine Noel
- Cronin Michelle
- Crooke Derrick
- Curran Martin D.
- Curran Tanya
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrera Gavin
- Danesh John
- Darby Alistair C.
- Davidson Rose K.
- Davies Alisha
- Davis Thomas
- de Cesare Mariateresa
- De Lacy Elen
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan I.
- Debebe Johnny
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dias Joana
- Diaz Maria
- Dibling Thomas
- Dorman Matthew J.
- Downing Fatima
- Drury Eleanor
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Dyal Patricia L.
- Eccles Richard
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Ellard Sian
- Elliott Scott
- Eltringham Gary
- Elumogo Ngozi
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M.
- Eyre David
- Fairley Derek J.
- Fallon Karlie
- Farbos Audrey
- Farr Ben
- Feltwell Theresa
- Fina Laia
- Findlay Jacqueline
- Fisher Chloe L.
- Fleming Vicki M.
- Forrest Leysa M.
- Forrest Sally
- Foulser Luke
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeman Timothy M.
- Frost Lucy R.
- Fuller William
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D.
- Garcia-Casado Maria V.
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Gavriil Artemis
- Geidelberg Lily
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P.
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Gill Harmeet K.
- Gilroy Rachel A.J.
- Girgis Sophia T.
- Glaysher Sharon
- Golubchik Tanya
- Goncalves Sonia
- Goodfellow Ian
- Goodfellow Ian G.
- Goodwin Scott
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
- Gramatopoulos Dimitris
- Green Angie
- Green Luke R.
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Griffith Luke
- Groves Danielle C.
- Groves Natalie
- Guest Martyn
- Gulliver Huw
- Gutierrez Ana Victoria
- Hadjirin Nazreen F.
- Haldenby Sam T.
- Hale Antony D.
- Hall Grant
- Halstead Fenella
- Hamilton William L.
- Haque Tanzina
- Harper Katherine L.
- Harris Kathryn Ann
- Harrison Ewan M.
- Harrison Ian
- Harrison James W.
- Hartman Hassan
- Hattersley Andrew
- Heaney Judith
- Helmer Thomas
- Hesketh Andrew R.
- Heyburn David
- Higginson Ellen E.
- Hill Verity
- Hill Verity
- Hilvers Ember
- Hiscox Julian A.
- Holden Matthew T.G.
- Holmes Alison
- Holmes Christopher
- Holmes Nadine
- Hoosdally Sarah
- Hopes Richard
- Hosmillo Myra
- Houldcroft Charlotte J.
- Howe Robin
- Howson-Wells Hannah C.
- Hubb Jonathan
- Hughes Joseph
- Hughes Margaret
- Hunter Adam D.
- Hutchings Stephanie
- Impey Robert
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson David A.
- Jackson David K.
- Jackson Kathryn A.
- Jahun Aminu S.
- James Keith
- Jamrozy Dorota
- Jarrett Ruth
- Jeffries Aaron R.
- Jesudason Natasha
- Jesudason Natasha G.
- John Michaela
- Johnson Kate
- Johnson Natasha
- Johnson Rob
- Johnson Robert
- Johnston Ian
- Jones Hannah
- Jones Katie
- Jones Rachel
- Jones Sophie
- Jorgensen David
- Jorgensen David
- Joseph Amelia
- Justice Anita
- Kane Leanne
- Kay Gemma L.
- Kay Sally
- Keatley Jon-Paul
- Keeley Alexander J.
- Kenyon Anita
- Kermack Leanne M.
- Khakh Manjinder
- Khokhar Fahad A.
- Kidd Stephen
- Kingsley Robert A.
- Kitchen Christine
- Knight Bridget A.
- Kolyva Anastasia
- Koshy Cherian
- Kraemer Moritz
- Kristiansen Mark
- Kumziene-Summerhayes Sara
- Kwiatkowski Dominic
- Lackenby Angie
- Langford Cordelia
- Lawniczak Mara
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Lee David
- Lee Jack C.D.
- Letchford Laura
- Levene Nick
- Levett Lisa J.
- Li Kathy
- Li Kathy K.
- Liggett Steven
- Lindsey Benjamin B.
- Lister Michelle M.
- Livett Rich
- Lloyd Allyson
- Lo Stephanie
- Loh Joshua
- Loman Nicholas J.
- Loman Nicholas J.
- Loose Matthew W.
- Loveson Katie F.
- Lowe Hannah
- Lucaci Anita O.
- Ludden Catherine
- Lynch Jessica
- Lyons Ronan A.
- Macfarlane-Smith Louissa R.
- Machin Nicholas W.
- MacIntyre-Cockett George
- Madona Pinglawathee
- Maes Mailis
- Mahungu Tabitha W.
- Mair Daniel
- Maksimovic Joshua
- Manesis Nikos
- Manley Robin
- Manso Carmen
- Marchbank Angela
- Martincorena Inigo
- Martinez-Nunez Rocio T.
- Masoli Jane A.H.
- Mason Jenifer
- Mather Alison E.
- Mbisa Tamyo
- McCluggage Kathryn
- McClure Patrick C.
- McCrone J.T.
- McCrone John T.
- McGuigan Samantha
- McHugh Martin P.
- McKenna James P.
- McKerr Caoimhe
- McMinn Liz
- McMurray Claire
- Meader Emma J.
- Meadows Lizzie
- Menegazzo Mirko
- Meredith Luke W.
- Merrick Ian
- Mestek-Boukhibar Lamia
- Miah Shahjahan
- Michell Stephen L.
- Michelsen Michelle L.
- Molnar Zoltan
- Monaghan Lynn
- Mookerjee Siddharth
- Moore Catherine
- Moore Catrin
- Moore Christopher
- Moore Nathan
- Morgan Mari
- Morgan Sian
- Mori Matilde
- Moses Samuel
- Muir Peter
- Munn Robert
- Myers Richard
- Nascimento Fabricia F.
- Nascimento Fabricia F.
- Naydenova Plamena
- Neaverson Alexandra S.
- Nebbia Gaia
- Nelson Andrew
- Nelson Charlotte
- Nelson Rachel
- Nicholls Sam
- Nicholls Samuel M.
- Nichols Jenna
- Niebel Marc O.
- Niola Paola
- Nomikou Kyriaki
- O'Toole Elaine
- O'Toole Áine
- Orton Richard J.
- Osman Husam
- Ott Sascha
- O’Grady Justin
- O’Toole Áine
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Padgett Debra
- Page Andrew J.
- Palmer Sophie
- Palmer Steve
- Panchbhaya Yasmin N.
- Pandey Sarojini
- Park Naomi
- Parker Matthew D.
- Parmar Surendra
- Parr Yasmin A.
- Parsons Paul J.
- Partridge David G.
- Pascall David J.
- Patel Gaurang
- Patel Minal
- Patel Vineet
- Paterson Steve
- Payne Brendan A.I.
- Peacock Sharon J.
- Pearson Clare
- Perry Malorie
- Peto Timothy
- Pinckert Malte L.
- Platt Steven
- Plimmer Amy
- Poplawski Radoslaw
- Potter Will
- Prakash Reenesh
- Prestwood Liam
- Price Anna
- Price Anna
- Price James
- Puethe Christoph
- Pybus Oliver
- Pybus Oliver G.
- Pymont Hannah M.
- Quail Mike
- Quick Joshua
- Raghwani Jayna
- Ragonnet-Cronin Manon
- Rainbow Lucille
- Rajatileka Shavanthi
- Rambaut Andrew
- Rambaut Andrew
- Ramsay Mary
- Randell Paul A.
- Raviprakash Veena
- Raza Mohammad
- Resende Silva Paola C.
- Rey Sara
- Rey Sara M.
- Reynolds Nicola
- Richter Alex
- Robertson David L.
- Robertson David L.
- Robinson Esther
- Robinson Trevor I.
- Robson Samuel C.
- Rogers Hazel A.
- Rooke Stefan
- Rowan Aileen
- Rowe Will
- Roy Sunando
- Rudder Steven
- Ruis Chris
- Ryan Felicity
- Sambles Christine M.
- Sang Fei
- Scarlett Garry P.
- Schaefer Ulf
- Scher Emily
- Scott Carol
- Scott Garren
- Sethi Dheeraj K.
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shah Divya
- Shah Rajiv
- Shah Rajiv N.
- Shankar Giri
- Shaw Robert
- Shepherd James
- Shepherd James G.
- Sheriff Nicola
- Shirley Lesley
- Signell Adrian W.
- Sillitoe John
- Simpson David A.
- Singer Joshua B.
- Sivaprakasam Venkat
- Siveroni Igor
- Siveroni Igor
- Sloan Tim J.
- Sluga Graciela
- Smith Christen
- Smith Colin P.
- Smith Darren
- Smith Nikki
- Smith Wendy
- Smollett Katherine L.
- Snell Luke B.
- Souster Emily
- Southgate Joel
- Southgate Joel
- Spellman Karla
- Spencer-Chapman Michael
- Sridhar Sushmita
- Stanley Rachael
- Stanton Thomas D.
- Starinskij Igor
- Stark Richard
- Stockton Joanne
- Stuart Claire
- Studholme David J.
- Swindells Emma
- Swingler Tracey
- Taha Yusri
- Tang Julian
- Taylor Ben E.W.
- Taylor Graham P.
- Taylor Sarah
- Taylor-Joyce Grace
- Tedim Ana P.
- Temperton Ben
- Templeton Kate E.
- Thompson Thomas
- Thomson Emma C.
- Thomson Emma C.
- Thomson Nicholas M.
- Thornton Alicia
- Thurston Scott
- Todd John A.
- Tong Lily
- Tonkin-Hill Gerry
- Torok M. Estee
- Trebes Amy
- Trotter Alexander J.
- Tsoleridis Theocharis
- Tucker Rachel M.
- Turtle Lance
- Tutill Helena J.
- Underwood Anthony P.
- Unnikrishnan Meera
- Vamos Edith E.
- Vasylyeva Tetyana
- Vattipally Sreenu
- Vipond Ian B.
- Volz Erik
- Volz Erik M.
- Wain John
- Walsh Sarah
- Wang Dennis
- Wantoch Michelle
- Warne Ben
- Warwick-Dugdale Joanna
- Wastenge Elizabeth
- Watkins Joanne
- Watts Joanne
- Waugh Sheila
- Webber Mark A.
- Weeks Sam
- Weldon Danni
- Whitehead Mark
- Williams Charlotte A.
- Williams Chris
- Williams David
- Williams Rachel J.
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
- Williamson Kathleen A.
- Willingham Iona
- Wilson Harry D.
- Wise Emma
- Workman Trudy
- Wright Victoria
- Wyles Matthew
- Wyllie Sarah
- Yakovleva Anna
- Yasir Muhammad
- Yeats Corin A.
- Yew Wen C.
- Young Gregory R.
- Young Jamie
- Yu Xiaoyu
- Zarebski Alex
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 07/01/2021
- Field of study
Global dispersal and increasing frequency of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G are suggestive of a selective advantage but may also be due to a random founder effect. We investigate the hypothesis for positive selection of spike D614G in the United Kingdom using more than 25,000 whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Despite the availability of a large dataset, well represented by both spike 614 variants, not all approaches showed a conclusive signal of positive selection. Population genetic analysis indicates that 614G increases in frequency relative to 614D in a manner consistent with a selective advantage. We do not find any indication that patients infected with the spike 614G variant have higher COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity, but 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients. Significant differences in growth and size of 614G phylogenetic clusters indicate a need for continued study of this variant
School Attendance and Literacy Before the Famine: A Simple Baronial Analysis
- Author
- A L Bowley
- Andrew Holmes
- Ang�lique Day
- Antonia Mcmanus
- Arthur Young
- C Gr�da
- C Gr�da
- Callum G Brown
- Charles Mcglinchey
- Cormac O'Grada
- D H Akenson
- David Dickson
- David Fitzpatrick
- David Hempton
- David Miller
- David Mitch
- Edward Wakefield
- Eric Richards
- Garret Fitzgerald
- Garret Fitzgerald
- Graeme Kirkham
- Irene Whelan
- J Mokyr
- J R R Adams
- J R R Adams
- Jason Long
- Jean-Paul Aron
- Joel Mokyr
- John Logan
- John Logan
- Keith Snell
- Linda Lunney
- Mary E Daly
- Mary E Daly
- Niall � Cios�in
- Thomas Mcgrath
- Thomas W Laqueur
- W B Stephens
- William Tighe
- � Canainn
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2010
- Field of study
Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity
- Author
- Aanensen David M
- Abudahab Khalil
- Acheson Erwan
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Adriaenssens Evelien M
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad SY
- Alam Mohammad T
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alderton Alex
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allan John
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Andersson Monique
- Angyal Adrienn
- Aranday-Cortes Elihu
- Ariani Cristina
- Asad Hibo
- Asamaphan Patawee
- Ashworth Jordan
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen
- Auckland Cressida
- Awan Ali R
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E
- Ball Jonathan
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Laura
- Beale Mathew A
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bell Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L
- Berger Duncan J
- Berriman Matt
- Berry Lisa
- Berry Louise
- Betancor Gilberto
- Betteridge Emma
- Bewshea Claire M
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul
- Bishop Chloe
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Boyd Olivia
- Boyes John
- Bradley Declan T
- Bradshaw Daniel
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgewater Hannah E
- Brooks Tony T
- Broos Alice
- Brown Julianne Rose
- Brown Paul E
- Brown Rebecca
- Brunker Kirstyn
- Bucca Giselda
- Buck David
- Buddenborg Sarah K
- Bull Matthew
- Bull Matthew
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Butcher Ethan
- Caddy Sarah L
- Caller Laura G
- Campbell Sharon
- Carlile Matthew
- Carmichael Stephen N
- Casey Anna
- Castellano Sergi
- Chalker Vicki
- Chand Meera
- Chapman Michael R
- Chappell Joseph G
- Charalampous Themoula
- Charles Ian G
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Chauhan Anoop J
- Cheng Jeffrey KJ
- Churcher Carol M
- Clark Gemma
- Coll Francesc
- Collins Jennifer
- Colquhoun Rachel
- Colquhoun Rachel M
- Connor Thomas R
- Connor Thomas R
- Constantinidou Chrystala
- Coombes Jason
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cortes Nicholas
- Cortes Nick
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay J
- Cowell Angela
- Cox Alison
- Craine Noel
- Cronin Michelle
- Crooke Derrick
- Curran Martin D
- Curran Tanya
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrera Gavin
- Danesh John
- Darby Alistair C
- Davidson Rose K
- Davies Alisha
- Davis Thomas
- de Cesare Mariateresa
- De Lacy Elen
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan I
- Debebe Johnny
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dias Joana
- Diaz Maria
- Dibling Thomas
- Dorman Matthew J
- Downing Fatima
- Drury Eleanor
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Dyal Patricia L
- Eccles Richard
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Ellard Sian
- Elliott Scott
- Eltringham Gary
- Elumogo Ngozi
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M
- Eyre David
- Fairley Derek J
- Fallon Karlie
- Farbos Audrey
- Farr Ben
- Feltwell Theresa
- Fina Laia
- Findlay Jacqueline
- Fisher Chloe L
- Fleming Vicki M
- Forrest Leysa M
- Forrest Sally
- Foulser Luke
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeman Timothy M
- Frost Lucy R
- Fuller William
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D
- Garcia-Casado Maria V
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Gavriil Artemis
- Geidelberg Lily
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Gill Harmeet K
- Gilroy Rachel AJ
- Girgis Sophia T
- Glaysher Sharon
- Golubchik Tanya
- Goncalves Sonia
- Goodfellow Ian
- Goodfellow Ian G
- Goodwin Scott
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
- Gramatopoulos Dimitris
- Green Angie
- Green Luke R
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Griffith Luke
- Groves Danielle C
- Groves Natalie
- Guest Martyn
- Gulliver Huw
- Gutierrez Ana Victoria
- Hadjirin Nazreen F
- Haldenby Sam T
- Hale Antony D
- Hall Grant
- Halstead Fenella
- Hamilton William L
- Haque Tanzina
- Harper Katherine L
- Harris Kathryn Ann
- Harrison Ewan M
- Harrison Ian
- Harrison James W
- Hartman Hassan
- Hattersley Andrew
- Heaney Judith
- Helmer Thomas
- Hesketh Andrew R
- Heyburn David
- Higginson Ellen E
- Hill Verity
- Hill Verity
- Hilvers Ember
- Hiscox Julian A
- Holden Matthew TG
- Holmes Alison
- Holmes Christopher
- Holmes Nadine
- Hoosdally Sarah
- Hopes Richard
- Hosmillo Myra
- Houldcroft Charlotte J
- Howe Robin
- Howson-Wells Hannah C
- Hubb Jonathan
- Hughes Joseph
- Hughes Margaret
- Hunter Adam D
- Hutchings Stephanie
- Impey Robert
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson David A
- Jackson David K
- Jackson Kathryn A
- Jahun Aminu S
- James Keith
- Jamrozy Dorota
- Jarrett Ruth
- Jeffries Aaron R
- Jesudason Natasha
- Jesudason Natasha G
- John Michaela
- Johnson Kate
- Johnson Natasha
- Johnson Rob
- Johnson Robert
- Johnston Ian
- Jones Hannah
- Jones Katie
- Jones Rachel
- Jones Sophie
- Jorgensen David
- Jorgensen David
- Joseph Amelia
- Justice Anita
- Kane Leanne
- Kay Gemma L
- Kay Sally
- Keatley Jon-Paul
- Keeley Alexander J
- Kenyon Anita
- Kermack Leanne M
- Khakh Manjinder
- Khokhar Fahad A
- Kidd Stephen
- Kingsley Robert A
- Kitchen Christine
- Knight Bridget A
- Kolyva Anastasia
- Koshy Cherian
- Kraemer Moritz
- Kristiansen Mark
- Kumziene-Summerhayes Sara
- Kwiatkowski Dominic
- Lackenby Angie
- Langford Cordelia
- Lawniczak Mara
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Lee David
- Lee Jack CD
- Letchford Laura
- Levene Nick
- Levett Lisa J
- Li Kathy
- Li Kathy K
- Liggett Steven
- Lindsey Benjamin B
- Lister Michelle M
- Livett Rich
- Lloyd Allyson
- Lo Stephanie
- Loh Joshua
- Loman Nicholas J
- Loman Nicholas J
- Loose Matthew W
- Loveson Katie F
- Lowe Hannah
- Lucaci Anita O
- Ludden Catherine
- Lynch Jessica
- Lyons Ronan A
- Macfarlane-Smith Louissa R
- Machin Nicholas W
- MacIntyre-Cockett George
- Madona Pinglawathee
- Maes Mailis
- Mahungu Tabitha W
- Mair Daniel
- Maksimovic Joshua
- Manesis Nikos
- Manley Robin
- Manso Carmen
- Marchbank Angela
- Martincorena Inigo
- Martinez-Nunez Rocio T
- Masoli Jane AH
- Mason Jenifer
- Mather Alison E
- Mbisa Tamyo
- McCluggage Kathryn
- McClure Patrick C
- McCrone John T
- McCrone JT
- McGuigan Samantha
- McHugh Martin P
- McKenna James P
- McKerr Caoimhe
- McMinn Liz
- McMurray Claire
- Meader Emma J
- Meadows Lizzie
- Menegazzo Mirko
- Meredith Luke W
- Merrick Ian
- Mestek-Boukhibar Lamia
- Miah Shahjahan
- Michell Stephen L
- Michelsen Michelle L
- Molnar Zoltan
- Monaghan Lynn
- Mookerjee Siddharth
- Moore Catherine
- Moore Catrin
- Moore Christopher
- Moore Nathan
- Morgan Mari
- Morgan Sian
- Mori Matilde
- Moses Samuel
- Muir Peter
- Munn Robert
- Myers Richard
- Nascimento Fabricia F
- Nascimento Fabricia F
- Naydenova Plamena
- Neaverson Alexandra S
- Nebbia Gaia
- Nelson Andrew
- Nelson Charlotte
- Nelson Rachel
- Nicholls Sam
- Nicholls Samuel M
- Nichols Jenna
- Niebel Marc O
- Niola Paola
- Nomikou Kyriaki
- O'Toole Elaine
- O'Toole Áine
- Orton Richard J
- Osman Husam
- Ott Sascha
- O’Grady Justin
- O’Toole Áine
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Padgett Debra
- Page Andrew J
- Palmer Sophie
- Palmer Steve
- Panchbhaya Yasmin N
- Pandey Sarojini
- Park Naomi
- Parker Matthew D
- Parmar Surendra
- Parr Yasmin A
- Parsons Paul J
- Partridge David G
- Pascall David J
- Patel Gaurang
- Patel Minal
- Patel Vineet
- Paterson Steve
- Payne Brendan AI
- Peacock Sharon J
- Pearson Clare
- Perry Malorie
- Peto Timothy
- Pinckert Malte L
- Platt Steven
- Plimmer Amy
- Poplawski Radoslaw
- Potter Will
- Prakash Reenesh
- Prestwood Liam
- Price Anna
- Price Anna
- Price James
- Puethe Christoph
- Pybus Oliver
- Pybus Oliver G
- Pymont Hannah M
- Quail Mike
- Quick Joshua
- Raghwani Jayna
- Ragonnet-Cronin Manon
- Rainbow Lucille
- Rajatileka Shavanthi
- Rambaut Andrew
- Rambaut Andrew
- Ramsay Mary
- Randell Paul A
- Raviprakash Veena
- Raza Mohammad
- Resende Silva Paola C
- Rey Sara
- Rey Sara M
- Reynolds Nicola
- Richter Alex
- Robertson David L
- Robertson David L
- Robinson Esther
- Robinson Trevor I
- Robson Samuel C
- Rogers Hazel A
- Rooke Stefan
- Rowan Aileen
- Rowe Will
- Roy Sunando
- Rudder Steven
- Ruis Chris
- Ryan Felicity
- Sambles Christine M
- Sang Fei
- Scarlett Garry P
- Schaefer Ulf
- Scher Emily
- Scott Carol
- Scott Garren
- Sethi Dheeraj K
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shah Divya
- Shah Rajiv
- Shah Rajiv N
- Shankar Giri
- Shaw Robert
- Shepherd James
- Shepherd James G
- Sheriff Nicola
- Shirley Lesley
- Signell Adrian W
- Sillitoe John
- Simpson David A
- Singer Joshua B
- Sivaprakasam Venkat
- Siveroni Igor
- Siveroni Igor
- Sloan Tim J
- Sluga Graciela
- Smith Christen
- Smith Colin P
- Smith Darren L
- Smith Nikki
- Smith Wendy
- Smollett Katherine L
- Snell Luke B
- Souster Emily
- Southgate Joel
- Southgate Joel
- Spellman Karla
- Spencer-Chapman Michael
- Sridhar Sushmita
- Stanley Rachael
- Stanton Thomas D
- Starinskij Igor
- Stark Richard
- Stockton Joanne
- Stuart Claire
- Studholme David J
- Swindells Emma
- Swingler Tracey
- Taha Yusri
- Tang Julian
- Taylor Ben EW
- Taylor Graham P
- Taylor Sarah
- Taylor-Joyce Grace
- Tedim Ana P
- Temperton Ben
- Templeton Kate E
- Thompson Thomas
- Thomson Emma C
- Thomson Emma C
- Thomson Nicholas M
- Thornton Alicia
- Thurston Scott
- Todd John A
- Tong Lily
- Tonkin-Hill Gerry
- Torok M Estee
- Trebes Amy
- Trotter Alexander J
- Tsoleridis Theocharis
- Tucker Rachel M
- Turtle Lance
- Tutill Helena J
- Underwood Anthony P
- Unnikrishnan Meera
- Vamos Edith E
- Vasylyeva Tetyana
- Vattipally Sreenu
- Vipond Ian B
- Volz Erik
- Volz Erik M
- Wain John
- Walsh Sarah
- Wang Dennis
- Wantoch Michelle
- Warne Ben
- Warwick-Dugdale Joanna
- Wastenge Elizabeth
- Watkins Joanne
- Watts Joanne
- Waugh Sheila
- Webber Mark A
- Weeks Sam
- Weldon Danni
- Whitehead Mark
- Williams Charlotte A
- Williams Chris
- Williams David
- Williams Rachel J
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
- Williamson Kathleen A
- Willingham Iona
- Wilson Harry D
- Wise Emma
- Workman Trudy
- Wright Victoria
- Wyles Matthew
- Wyllie Sarah
- Yakovleva Anna
- Yasir Muhammad
- Yeats Corin A
- Yew Wen C
- Young Gregory R
- Young Jamie
- Yu Xiaoyu
- Zarebski Alex
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Global dispersal and increasing frequency of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G are suggestive of a selective advantage but may also be due to a random founder effect. We investigate the hypothesis for positive selection of spike D614G in the United Kingdom using more than 25,000 whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Despite the availability of a large dataset, well represented by both spike 614 variants, not all approaches showed a conclusive signal of positive selection. Population genetic analysis indicates that 614G increases in frequency relative to 614D in a manner consistent with a selective advantage. We do not find any indication that patients infected with the spike 614G variant have higher COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity, but 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients. Significant differences in growth and size of 614G phylogenetic clusters indicate a need for continued study of this variant
Genomic reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England
- Author
- Aanensen David M
- Abnizova Irina
- Abudahab Khalil
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad SY
- Aigrain Louise
- Alcolea Adela
- Alderton Alex
- Ali Mozam
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allara Elias
- Allen Laura
- Amato Roberto
- Anderson Ralph
- Angyal Adrienn
- Annett Tara
- Aplin Stephen
- Ariani Cristina
- Ariani Cristina V
- Asad Hibo
- Ash Amy
- Ashfield Paula
- Ashford Fiona
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen W
- Auckland Cressida
- Austin-Guest Siobhan
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J
- Baker Paul
- Bala Sendu
- Balcazar Carlos E
- Ball Jonathan
- Barrett Jeffrey
- Barrett Jeffrey C
- Barrow Magdalena
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Bassett Andrew
- Bassett Andrew R
- Batra Rahul
- Battleday Kristina
- Baxter Chris
- Bayzid Nadua
- Beal James
- Beale Mathew
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela H
- Beckwith Shaun M
- Bedford Luke
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bellany Sam
- Bellerby Tristram
- Bellis Katherine L
- Bellis Katie
- Berger Duncan
- Berriman Matt
- Berry Louise
- Bertolusso Beatrice
- Best Angus
- Betteridge Emma
- Bevan Paul
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Binley Simon
- Binns Debbie
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul W
- Birney Ewan
- Bishop Chloe
- Bishop Jason
- Blackburn Kirsty
- Blacow Rachel
- Blakey Victoria
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonfield James
- Bonner Stephen
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Boughton Nick
- Bourgeois Yann
- Bowker Sam
- Boyd Olivia
- Bradley Declan T
- Breen Cassie
- Brendler-Spaeth Timothy
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgett Stephen
- Bronner Iraad
- Bronner Iraad F
- Brooklyn Tanya
- Brooks Ellena
- Broos Alice
- Brown Julianne R
- Bucca Giselda
- Buchan Sarah L
- Buck David
- Buddenborg Sarah Kay
- Bull Matthew
- Burns Phillipa J
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Bush Robert
- Byaruhanga Timothy
- Byott Matthew
- Caetano Catarina
- Cagan Alex
- Campbell Sharon
- Carabelli Alessandro M
- Cargill James S
- Carlile Matthew
- Carter Nicola
- Cartwright Joanna
- Carvalho Sílvia F
- Casey Anna
- Castigador Anibolina
- Catalan Jana
- Chalker Vicki
- Chaloner Nicola J
- Chand Meera
- Chand Meera
- Chapman Liz
- Chappell Joseph G
- Charalampous Themoula
- Chatterton Wendy
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Chillingworth Tracey-Jane
- Churcher Carol M
- Clapham Peter
- Clark Gemma
- Clark Richard
- Clarke Adrian
- Clarke Catriona
- Clarke Phillip
- Cogger Benjamin J
- Cole Daryl
- Cole Kevin
- Collins Jennifer
- Colquhoun Rachel
- Connor Thomas R
- Cook Elizabeth
- Cook Kate F
- Coombes Jason
- Coppola Maria
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cornell Linda
- Cornwell Clare
- Cortes Nicholas
- Corton Craig
- Cotic Marius
- Cotton Seb
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay
- Cox Alison
- Cox MacGregor
- Crackett Abby
- Craine Noel
- Cranage Alison
- Craven Harriet
- Craw Sarah
- Crawford Liam
- Crawford Mark
- Cross Aidan
- Crown Matthew R
- Crudgington Dorian
- Cumley Nicola
- Curran Martin D
- Curran Tanya
- Cutts Tim
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrera Gavin
- Dabrowska Monika
- Darby Alistair C
- Davidson Rose K
- Davies Alisha
- Davies Matt
- Davies Robert
- Davies Robert M
- Davis Thomas
- Dawson Joseph
- Day Callum
- de Angelis Daniela
- De Lacy Elen
- De Maio Nicola
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan I
- Debebe Johnny
- Densem Aiden
- Denton-Smith Rebecca
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dey Jayasree
- Dias Joana
- Dibling Thomas
- Dobie Donald
- Dockree Cat
- Dodd David
- Dogga Sunil
- Dorman Matthew
- Dorman Matthew J
- Dougan Gordon
- Dougherty Martin
- Dove Alexander
- Downing Fatima
- Drummond Lucy
- Drury Eleanor
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Dudek Monika
- Durham Jillian
- Durrant Laura
- Easthope Elizabeth
- Eastick Kirstine
- Easton Lisa J
- Eccles Richard
- Eckert Sabine
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- El Bouzidi Kate
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Elliott Scott
- Ellis Pete
- Eltringham Gary
- Ensell Leah
- Erkiert Michelle J
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M
- Everson William
- Fairley Derek J
- Fallon Karlie
- Fanaie Arezou
- Farr Ben
- Farr Ben W
- Fearn Christopher
- Feltwell Theresa
- Fenton Michael
- Ferguson Lynne
- Ferrero Marcella
- Fina Laia
- Flack Neil
- Flaviani Flavia
- Fleming Vicki M
- Fordham Howerd
- Forrest Sally
- Forsythe Grace
- Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer
- Foulkes Benjamin H
- Foulser Luke
- Fragakis Mireille
- Frampton Dan
- Francis Matt
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Audrey
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeman Adam
- Freeman Timothy M
- Fryer Helen
- Fuchs Marc
- Fuller William
- Funk Sebastian
- Gajee Kavitha
- Galai Katerina
- Gallagher Abbie
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D
- Gallis Marta
- Galvin Anastasia
- Garcia-Casado Maria
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Gedny Alex
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P
- Gerstung Moritz
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Girgis Sophia
- Girgis Sophia T
- Glaysher Sharon
- Glover James
- Goater Richard
- Goldman Nick
- Goldstein Emily J
- Golubchik Tanya
- Gomes Andrea N
- Goncalves Sonia
- Gonçalves Sonia
- Gonçalves Sónia
- Goodfellow Ian G
- Goodwin Scott
- Goudarzi Salman
- Gould Oliver
- Gourtovaia Marina
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
- Grant Paul R
- Gray Andy
- Gray Emma
- Green Angie
- Green Luke R
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Griffiths Coline
- Gu Yong
- Guerin Florence
- Guest Martyn
- Gunson Rory N
- Gupta Ravi K
- Gutierrez Bernardo
- Haldenby Sam T
- Hamilton Will
- Hamilton William L
- Hanks Hannah
- Hansford Samantha E
- Haque Tanzina
- Harris Kathryn A
- Harrison Ewan
- Harrison Ewan M
- Harrison Ian
- Harrott Alexandria
- Harry Edward
- Hart Jennifer
- Hartley John A
- Harvey Matthew
- Harvey William T
- Harvison Julia
- Hassan-Ibrahim Mohammed O
- Heaney Judith
- Heath Paul
- Hellewell Joel
- Helmer Thomas
- Henderson John H
- Hernandez-Koutoucheva Anastasia
- Hesketh Andrew R
- Hey Jessica
- Heyburn David
- Higginson Ellen E
- Hill Jack D
- Hill Verity
- Hilson Rachel A
- Hilvers Ember
- Hobbs Rhiannon
- Holden Matthew TG
- Holland Dave
- Hollis Amy
- Holmes Alison H
- Holmes Christopher W
- Holmes Nadine
- Holmes Sarah
- Hopes Richard
- Hornett Gary
- Hornsby Hailey R
- Hosmillo Myra
- Hough Nicholas
- Houlihan Catherine
- Howson-Wells Hannah C
- Hsu Sharon N
- Hubb Jonathan
- Huckle Liz
- Huckson Hannah
- Hughes Joseph
- Hughes Margaret
- Hughes Warwick
- Hughes-Hallet Lena
- Hunter Adam
- Hutchings Stephanie
- Idle Giles
- Illingworth Chris J
- Impey Robert
- Inglis Stephen
- Iqbal Sameena
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Izuagbe Rhys
- Jackson Adam
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson Chris
- Jackson David
- Jackson David K
- Jackson Kathryn A
- Jackson Leigh M
- Jahun Aminu S
- James Keith
- James Victoria
- Jamrozy Dorota
- Jeanes Christopher
- Jeffries Aaron R
- Jeremiah Sarah
- Jermy Andrew
- John Michaela
- Johnson Kate
- Johnson Rob
- Johnston Ian
- Jones Christopher R
- Jones Hannah
- Jones Matthew
- Jones Neil
- Jones Owen
- Jones Sophie
- Joseph Amelia
- Judges Sarah
- Jung Alexander W
- Kallepally Kalyan
- Kane Leanne
- Kay Gemma L
- Kay Keely
- Kay Sally
- Keatley Jon
- Keatley Jon-Paul
- Keeley Alexander J
- Keith Alan
- Kenyon Anita
- Kermack Leanne M
- Khakh Manjinder
- Kidd Stephen P
- Kimuli Maimuna
- King Alison
- Kirk Stuart
- Kitchen Christine
- Kitchin Lucy
- Kitchman Katie
- Kleanthous Matt
- Klimekova Martina
- Knight Bridget A
- Korlevic Petra
- Koshy Cherian
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- Whitwham Andrew
- Widaa Sara
- Wierzbicki Claudia
- Willford Nicholas J
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- Williams Charlotte A
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- Williams Chris
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- Williams Mia
- Williams Rachel J
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
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- Witele Eric
- Withell Karen T
- Witney Adam A
- Wolverson Paige
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- Wright Sean
- Wright Victoria
- Wyatt Tim
- Wyllie Sarah
- Xu-McCrae Li
- Yavus Mehmet
- Yaze Geraldine
- Yeats Corin A
- Yebra Gonzalo
- Yew Wen C
- Young Gregory R
- Young Jamie
- Zamudio Marina Escalera
- Zarebski Alex E
- Zhang Peijun
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 14/10/2021
- Field of study
AbstractThe evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus leads to new variants that warrant timely epidemiological characterization. Here we use the dense genomic surveillance data generated by the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium to reconstruct the dynamics of 71 different lineages in each of 315 English local authorities between September 2020 and June 2021. This analysis reveals a series of subepidemics that peaked in early autumn 2020, followed by a jump in transmissibility of the B.1.1.7/Alpha lineage. The Alpha variant grew when other lineages declined during the second national lockdown and regionally tiered restrictions between November and December 2020. A third more stringent national lockdown suppressed the Alpha variant and eliminated nearly all other lineages in early 2021. Yet a series of variants (most of which contained the spike E484K mutation) defied these trends and persisted at moderately increasing proportions. However, by accounting for sustained introductions, we found that the transmissibility of these variants is unlikely to have exceeded the transmissibility of the Alpha variant. Finally, B.1.617.2/Delta was repeatedly introduced in England and grew rapidly in early summer 2021, constituting approximately 98% of sampled SARS-CoV-2 genomes on 26 June 2021.</jats:p
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- Author
- Abad Vanessa
- Abate Getahun
- Abbas Anum
- Ackerman Jamie
- Ackerman Ronald
- Ackermann Jeremy
- Adams Atoya
- Adams Mark S.
- Adams Michael R.
- Adelglass Jeffrey
- Afework Sarah
- Ahmad Nina
- Akamine Christine
- Ake Julie A.
- Al-Ibrahim Mohamed S.
- Albert Gary
- Alcaide Maria L.
- Alderson Nathan
- Aleman Lily
- Alemán José O.
- Allaw Mohammed
- Alva E. Javier Pretell
- Alvarado Hilario
- Amador Carmen
- Andersen James
- Anderson Corey G.
- Anderson Evan J.
- Anderson Victoria R.
- Andes David R.
- Andrasik Michele P.
- Andree Stephanie
- Andrews Jeb
- Andriesen Jessica G.
- Andriulis Victoria
- Ansel Jessica L.
- Anthony Codi M.
- Antwi Mohammed
- Arduino Roberto C.
- Aristy Florida
- Arnold Valerie K.
- Arrazcaeta Alicia
- Atmar Robert L.
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- Lewis Derek
- Lewis Maggie
- Lewis Michael
- Lewis Wendell
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- Lichtenberger Paola
- Lilienthal Amanda
- Linder Kathleen
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- Lisec Kendra
- Little Ryan
- Liu Albert
- Lok Anna S.
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- Robert W. Frenck Jr
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- Rodriguez Jessica
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- Sugimoto Danny
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- Walsh Mary C.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walter Emmanuel B.
- Walters Ayanna
- Wang Tina
- Warden Ashley
- Waters Michael
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- Wendrow Andrea
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- Wilkin Timothy
- Wilkinson Bethanie
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- Williams Barton G.
- Williams Hayes
- Williams Samantha
- Wilson Christine
- Wilson Clint
- Wilson Greg
- Wilson Natasha
- Winbigler Jennifer
- Winkle Peter J.
- Winokur Patricia L.
- Witbeck John
- Wohl David
- Woo Wayne
- Woodside Leana
- Wortman Glenn
- Wu Yi H.
- Wylie Paul E.
- Yang Fan
- Yang Kinara S.
- Yoon Anelgine C.
- York Jill
- Young Cheryl
- Yu Chenchen
- Yusin Joseph
- Zapata Luz
- Zash Rebecca
- Zegarra Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena
- Zemanek Arthur L.
- Zenlea Kate
- Zepeda Karla
- Zervos Marcus J.
- Zhai Nan
- Zhang Kevin
- Zhou James
- Zimmer Andrea
- Zingman Barry S.
- Zorrilla Carmen D.
- Áñez Germán
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- A. Lina Rosengren
- Abram Burgher
- Adam B. Brosz
- Adam Rosen
- Adam Schwartz
- Adriana Sordo Duran
- Adrienna Marquez
- Adrienne E. Shapiro
- Aeiress Duhart
- Afsoon Roberts
- Albert Liu
- Alejandro Hoberman
- Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández
- Alex Greninger
- Alexander Clark
- Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides
- Alice McGarry
- Alicia Arrazcaeta
- Alisha Lutat
- Alison Bondell
- Alison Pellecchia
- Allie Oplinger
- Allison Green
- Allison O'Brien
- Alpa Patel
- Alyssa-Kay Peay
- Amanda Horn
- Amanda Lilienthal
- Amanda Occhino
- Amanda Philyaw
- Amaran Moodley
- Amber Grant
- Amber Stanford
- Amesika Nyaku
- Amie Shannon
- Amina Z. Haggag
- Amit Paliwal
- Amy Caldwell
- Amy Chamberlain
- Amy Dye
- Amy Falk
- Amy Kelley
- Amy Medina
- Amy Potts
- Amy Salzl
- Amy Sherman
- Amy Starr
- Amy Thompson
- Andrea Berry
- Andrea Clement
- Andrea Wendrow
- Andrea Zimmer
- Andres Bran
- Andres Camacho-Gonzalez
- Andrew Lauria
- Andrew McConnell
- Andrew McWilliams
- Anelgine C. Yoon
- Angela Lee
- Angela R. Branche
- Angelica Kottkamp
- Angella Webb
- Ann M. Milliken
- Ann R. Falsey
- Anna S. Lok
- Anna Wald
- Anne Marit de Groot
- Anne-Marie Rick
- Annette R. Bennett
- Annie Ciambruschini
- Annie Luetkemeyer
- Anthony Kim
- Anum Abbas
- Anyela Lara
- April Pixler
- Ariana C. Stanton
- Arthur L. Zemanek
- Asha Inniss
- Ashley Kennedy
- Ashley Perez
- Ashley Warden
- Asif Noor
- Atoya Adams
- Aurelio Cruz-Valdez
- Austin Chan
- Austin Swanson
- Ayanna Walters
- Ayoade Avworo
- Bailey Jordan
- Barbara Corral
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara S. Taylor
- Barry S. Zingman
- Barton G. Williams
- Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Becky Martinez
- Ben Ladner
- Benjamin Eckhardt
- Benjamin J. Luft
- Bernard Grunstra
- Beth Safirstein
- Bethanie Wilkinson
- Beverly E. Sha
- Beverly Ewing
- Bindu Balani
- Blanca Gomez
- Bo Shopsin
- Boerries Brandenburg
- Brandie Taylor
- Brandon J. Essink
- Brandy Ball
- Breanz Watkins
- Brenda Dorcely
- Brendan Levy
- Brett Gray
- Brett Leav
- Brian D.W. Chow
- Brit Sovic
- Brittany Feijoo
- Brittany Stewart
- Bruce C. Gebhardt
- Bruce G. Rankin
- Bruce McClenathan
- Bruno Valenti
- Bryan Gordon
- C. Mary Healy
- Caitlin J. Guiney
- Caitlin Moran
- Candace Smith
- Candice Montros
- Carina A. Rodriguez
- Carl Fichtenbaum
- Carl P. Griffin
- Carlos A. Fierro
- Carlos del Rio
- Carlos Lopez
- Carlos Malvestutto
- Carmel B. Dyer
- Carmen A. Paez
- Carmen Amador
- Carmen D. Zorrilla
- Carmen Medina
- Carol Ann Linebarger
- Carol Kauffman
- Carol L. Mitchell
- Carolene Stephenson
- Caroline Greene
- Carolyn Scatamacchia
- Carolyn Tran
- Carrie Johnston
- Carrie Sopher
- Catherine A. Bunce
- Catherine Mary Healy
- Catherine Q. Gular
- Cathy Laflan
- Cecilia McKeown-Bragas
- Celia Gonzalez
- Celia Maxwell
- Charles Harper
- Charles M. Fogarty
- Charlotte-Paige Rolle
- Charnell Cromer
- Chelsea Miles
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chen S. Tan
- Chenchen Yu
- Cheryl Nuss
- Cheryl Young
- Chimeremma Nnadi
- Chinar Desai
- Christian Tomaszewski
- Christina A. Rostad
- Christina Bacher
- Christina Kennelly
- Christine Akamine
- Christine B. Turley
- Christine Hull
- Christine Wilson
- Christopher Carpenter
- Christopher Dedon
- Christopher Galloway
- Christopher Matich
- Christy Schmeck
- Christy Sweet
- Clarence B. Creech II
- Clarisse Baudelaire
- Claudia De La Matta Rodriguez
- Claudia Espinosa
- Claudio Nuñez Lagos
- Clint C. Guillory
- Clint Wilson
- Codi M. Anthony
- Colleen F. Kelley
- Colleen Jacobsen
- Connie Moya
- Cora Sonnier
- Corey G. Anderson
- Corey M. Chen
- Cornell Calinescu
- Corrina Pavetto
- Cortney Burch
- Cory J. Huffine
- Craig Dietz
- Cristina Cicogna
- Crystal Rowell
- Cynthia Becher Strout
- Cynthia Brown
- Cynthia Bueno
- Cynthia L. Gay
- Cynthia L. Monaco
- Cynthia Montano-Pereira
- Cyrus Hoseyni
- Dakotah C. Lane
- Dalia Tovar
- Daniel Duncanson
- Daniel Hoft
- Daniel Kaul
- Daniel S. Graciaa
- Daniel T. Lawler
- Daniela Pineda Méndez
- Danielle Raley
- Danny Sugimoto
- Danyel Johnson
- Darlene Bartilucci
- David B. Musante
- David Beckmann
- David Browder
- David Dellaero
- David Fitz-Patrick
- David Halpert
- David I. Bernstein
- David J. Diemert
- David J. Ensz
- David Kline
- David L. Fried
- David Metzger
- David Pampe
- David Pitrak
- David R. Andes
- David Rosenberg
- David Tatelbaum
- David Wohl
- Dawn Furey
- Dawn Robison
- Dean Follmann
- Dean M. Boswell
- Deanna Cooper
- Debora Dunbar
- Deborah A. Theodore
- Deborah Murray
- Debra B. Schroeck
- Delia Bullock
- Denis Tarakjian
- Denise Casey
- Denise Roadman
- Denise Sample
- Denisse Alejandra González Estrada
- Derek Lewis
- Derek M. Smith
- Destiny S. Heinzig-Cartwright
- Diana Badillo
- Diana F. Florescu
- Diana Vegas
- Dianca Sierra
- Diane H. Johnson
- Dilek Ince
- Dima Dandachi
- Dirk Heerwegh
- Dolores Rijos
- Donald M. Brandon
- Donald Quinn
- Donna Percy
- Doris Franco-Vitteri
- Douglas S. Denham
- E. Javier Pretell Alva
- Edgar Garcia
- Edith Swann
- Eduardo Gabriel Vázquez Saldaña
- Edward C. Jones-López
- Edward E. Walsh
- Edward Ellerbeck
- Edward M. Tavel Jr.
- Elham Ghadishah
- Elie Gharib
- Elisa Swieboda
- Elissa Malkin
- Elizabeth Barranco-Santana
- Elizabeth Bennett
- Elizabeth Bruce
- Elizabeth Danford
- Elizabeth Duke
- Elizabeth E. Robison
- Elizabeth Everette
- Elizabeth Formentini
- Elizabeth Hammershaimb
- Elizabeth Parker
- Elizabeth Secord
- Ellie Carmody
- Elliot DeHaan
- Elwaleed Elnagar
- Emily Degan
- Emily Oppenheim
- Emma Bainbridge
- Emmanuel B. Walter
- Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena Zegarra
- Enrique Ocaña
- Eric A. Meyerowitz
- Eric Bravo
- Eric McGrath
- Eric Miller
- Erica Herc
- Erica Johnson
- Erica Osmundsen
- Erica Sanchez
- Erika A. Cutz
- Erika Mendoza
- Erin A. Goecker
- Erin Cooksey
- Erin Coston
- Ernesto Delgado
- Esther L. Harmon
- Esther S. Huffine
- Evan C. Ewers
- Evan J. Anderson
- Evelyn Hall
- Evelyn Lomasney
- Evelyn Quevedo
- Fan Yang
- Farah Irani
- Farhan Siddiqui
- Fernanda Morales
- Fernando L. Merino
- Filip Dubovsky
- Flora Castellino
- Florence Momplaisir
- Florida Aristy
- Frances Downing
- Frank James
- Frank S. Eder
- Frank Struyf
- Fred E. Newton
- Frederick Raiser III
- Fredric Santiago
- Gail Broder
- Gary Albert
- Gary Headden
- Gary Horwith
- Gary Luckasen
- Gary Simon
- Gayle D. Hennekes
- Genevieve Beninati
- Genevieve Iwuala
- George H. Bauer Jr.
- George H. Freeman
- Georgette Ebuh
- Georgettea Geuss
- Gerald Kelty
- Germán Áñez
- Getahun Abate
- Gina Rivero
- Glenda E. Gray
- Glenn Wortman
- Gowdhami Mohan
- Grant Ellsworth
- Grant Geiger
- Greg Hachigian
- Greg Wilson
- Gregg H. Lucksinger
- Gregory C. Utz
- Gregory Holt
- Gregory J. Feldman
- Gregory M. Glenn
- Gregory M. Gottschlich
- Griet Van Roey
- Guillermo Miguel Ruiz-Palacios
- Gysella Muniz
- Hala Webster
- Hana M. El Sahly
- Hanh Chu
- Hanh Chu
- Hannah Catan
- Hannah Harrington
- Hannah Nevarez
- Haoua Dunbar
- Hayes Williams
- Heather Rattenbury-Shaw
- Henry Peralta
- Hilario Alvarado
- Hillary Dunlevy
- Holli Hamilton
- Holly E. Janes
- Hong V. Tieu
- Horacio Marafioti
- Howard I. Schwartz
- Howard Schwartz
- Hussain Malbari
- Huub G. Gelderblom
- Hyman Scott
- Ian De Proost
- Ian Frank
- Ian Hirsch
- Iksung Cho
- Ilse Van Dromme
- Insiya Valika
- Irene Graham
- Irene McKnight
- Iris García
- Isaac Thomsen
- Isabel Pereira
- Issac Pena-Renteria
- Jack Stapleton
- Jacob Coleman
- Jacqueline Miller
- Jacqueline Muenzner
- Jaleh Ostovar
- Jaleh Ostovar
- Jalima Quintero
- James Andersen
- James Fry
- James G. Kublin
- James H. Conway
- James Longe
- James Lovell
- James N. Goldenberg
- James Peacock
- James Ramsey
- James T. Peterson
- James W. Hurst
- James Walker
- James Zhou
- Jamie Ackerman
- Jamshid Saleh
- Jan Patterson
- Janet Garvey
- Janet Hill
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- Janet Otto
- Janeth Pacheco-Flores
- Janice Suyehira
- Janine Maenza
- Jarek Juraszek
- Jason F. Okulicz
- Jason Milligan
- Jay Meyer
- Jayasree Krishnankutty
- Jeanne Blevins
- Jeb Andrews
- Jeff Kingsley
- Jeffrey A. Henderson
- Jeffrey Adelglass
- Jeffrey Dugas Sr.
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- Jeffrey M. Jacobson
- Jeffrey Meier
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- Jeffrey Thessing
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- Jennie Johnson
- Jennifer A. Johnson
- Jennifer A. Whitaker
- Jennifer Bashour
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- Jennifer Chang
- Jennifer Foley
- Jennifer Knishinsky
- Jennifer Knowles
- Jennifer L. Dong
- Jennifer McCarter
- Jennifer Petts
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- Jerald Sadoff
- Jeremy Ackermann
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- Jesse L. Clark
- Jessica E. Justman
- Jessica G. Andriesen
- Jessica Heimonen
- Jessica Ibarra
- Jessica L. Ansel
- Jessica L. Lee
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- Matthew Hong
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- Michael Waters
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- Teresa Becker
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- Terri Moye
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- Terry L. Poling
- Terry Piedra
- Theresa Hegmann
- Thomas B. Campbell
- Thomas C. Klein
- Thomas C.S. Martin
- Thomas Mellman
- Thomas Patterson
- Thomas Weiss
- Tiffany Esinhart
- Tiffany Nemecek
- Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt
- Tilly Varughese
- Timothy J. Hatlen
- Timothy P. Vachris
- Timothy Shope
- Timothy W. Schacker
- Timothy Wilkin
- Tina Tong
- Tina Wang
- Toby Briskin
- Todd Simmons
- Tom Fiel
- Toni Robinson
- Toni White
- Tracy Okonya
- Tracy R. Klein
- Trina L. Reynolds
- Troy Holdeman
- Tyler D. Bold
- Uriel R. Felsen
- Valentine M. Ebuh
- Valeria D. Cantos
- Valerie K. Arnold
- Vanessa Abad
- Vanessa Raabe
- Veronica G. Fragoso
- Veronica Garcia-Fragoso
- Veronica Procasky
- Veronica Viar
- Vicki E. Miller
- Vickie Leathers
- Victoria Andriulis
- Victoria Engler
- Victoria Mosteller
- Victoria R. Anderson
- Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera
- Vincent Huynh
- Vincent Mirkil
- Vivek Rajasekhar
- Viviana Gonzalez
- Vladimir Berthaud
- Walter Patton
- Wanda Ramon
- Waseem Chughtai
- Wayne L. Harper
- Wayne Woo
- Wendell Lewis
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendy A. Keitel
- Wesley Campbell
- Wesley Van Ever
- Westly Keating
- Whitney West
- Will Hernandez
- William B. Davis
- William B. Smith
- William H. Jones
- William Jennings
- William Kirby
- William P. Silver
- William R. Hartman
- William S. Davis Jr.
- William Schnitz
- William Seger
- Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León
- Winston Cavert
- Xiaomi Tong
- Yaa D. Oppong
- Yi H. Wu
- Ying Huang
- Yogesh K. Paliwal
- Youyi Fong
- Yunda Huang
- Yunda Huang
- Yvonne Davis
- Zachary Bittner
- Zainab Rizvi
- Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa
- Zudi-Mwak Takizala
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health