DOMS After Acute Strenuous Exercise and Massage

The art of massage therapy has been around for centuries and investigation of its effects on the human body continues. Purpose: This study is designed to determine if Swedish massage therapy reduces DOMS at 24- and 48-hours after a single bout of resistance exercise to fatigue. Methods: Twenty one volunteers completed a bout of body squats to exhaustion holding a 3.63 kg (8 lb.) weight for men and a 2.27 kg (5 lb.) for women, and after a one-minute rest did the same again but without the weight. This was immediately followed by a 20-minute Swedish massage on either the right or left leg (randomized), specifically the hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteal muscles. After the massage was performed participants were then asked to report the soreness of treated leg after 24- and 48-hrs using a standard 0-10 pain scale. Results: A 2 (leg) X 2 (time) factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on the second factor indicated perceived soreness in the treated leg was significantly reduced compared to the untreated leg at 24 hrs (p = .003) and 48 hrs (p = .017). While soreness was significantly higher after 48 hrs compared to 24 hrs in the untreated leg (p = .012), soreness in the treated leg was also significantly higher between the same time points (p = .007), but to a lower magnitude. Conclusion: While it seems a single massage treatment immediately after exhaustive resistance exercise reduces the initial effect of DOMS, the difference in perceived pain from 24- to 48-hrs is not changed

The Relationship Between Perceived Exertion and Heart Rate During Yoga

The relationship between perceived exertion and heart rate during yoga Jessica Michele Flores, John D. Smith, Ph.D. Texas A&M University-San Antonio Undergraduate Yoga has been around for centuries and has steadily increased in popularity in the West through the years, but this mind-body-spirit practice has had very little research conducted perceived intensities. PURPOSE: to assess heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of those participating in yoga classes. It is hypothesized that as HR increases, there will also be in increase in RPE. It is also hypothesized that those taking yoga classes have goals of flexibility and stress reduction rather than weight reduction and strength. METHODS: Thirty-one participants (age = 30.8±12.0 yrs, ht = 163.0±6.3 cm, wt = 74.4±17.7 kg, BMI = 27.9±6.3) were fitted with a Polar HR monitor and instructed on how to use the Borg’s 6-20 RPE scale. At the start of a 60-minute session HR was recorded. At minutes 15, 30, 45, and 60 HR and RPE were recorded. At these time-points, the investigator simply looked at the receiver and participants pointed to a number on the RPE scale. Immediately following the class, participants completed a survey that included questions about yoga and demographic data. A Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to determine the relationship between HR and RPE, with significance set at .05. Surveys were tallied to determine participant’s goals. RESULTS: Although there was a significant correlation between HR and RPE at minute 45 (r(30) = .44, p = .014), only 20% of the variance in the increase in RPE can be attributed to the increase in HR. This trend also occurred at minute 60 (r(30) = .38, p = .036), but with only 14% of the change in RPE due to the change in HR. Correlations between HR and RPE at minutes 15 and 30 were not significant (p \u3e .05). While half of the participants rated flexibility as their number one reason for participating in yoga, 16% of participants rated “aerobic” as their number one reason for participating. Ninety percent of participants felt more relaxed at the end of a yoga class. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that it is best to use caution using the Borg’s 6-20 scale to measure exercise intensity during yoga. There is evidence to show that there may be a misconception in using yoga for aerobic benefits. There is also evidence that show many people believe flexibility and stress reduction are key benefits of yoga

Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Levels after a Single Resistance Training Event in Mexican-Americans

TACSM Abstract Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Levels after a Single Resistance Training Event in Mexican-Americans Lopez I, Kendrick KH, and Smith JD Health & Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health & Kinesiology; Texas A&M University-San Antonio; San Antonio, TX Category: Masters Advisor / Mentor: Kendrick, K. ([email protected]) ABSTRACT The number of Mexican-Americans diagnosed with diabetes has increased, with 10.2% diagnosed in 2010. Physical activity is an important component to help maintain healthy body weight and composition, and prevent diseases. Previous research has shown that a single event of resistance training can have a positive effect on glucose levels, but little is known about exercise’s effect in the Mexican-American population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the fasting and postprandial glucose levels after a single resistance training event in Mexican-Americans. IRB approval was granted by Texas A&M University-San Antonio for this study. Fifteen subjects (Age=25.9±3.3 yrs, Ht=165.0±7.7 cm, Wt=71.2±13.5 kg) of Mexican-American ethnicity were recruited at Texas A&M University-San Antonio. A pre-trial training day occurred so that subjects could become familiar with the resistance training procedure. All exercises were completed using the Raptor series stack weights by ProMaxima or the ProMaxima leg sled; abdominal crunches were completed as described by the Fitnessgram®. All subjects completed both a resistance training event (RT) in which subjects completed 8 exercises (3 sets of 8-12 reps, one minute rest between sets, resistance determined at pre-trial) and a non-training event (NT). The order of trials was randomly selected for a counter-balanced design. After the RT, subjects reported to the Human performance lab approximately 14 hours later, having fasted for at least 8 hours. Finger-sticks were used to collect blood samples for glucose analysis. A Cardio Check professional grade meter was used to perform glucose analyses. Subjects were then served a high carbohydrate (1.5 g/kg body weight), high fat (0.25 g/kg body weight) breakfast to consume prior blood sample collection. The NT was performed as described above except subjects did not take part in the resistance protocol prior to the specimen collection, breakfast, and subsequent specimen collection. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using a trapezoidal calculation for each subject, for each the RT and NT events. A paired t-test was used to compare the means of the NT to the RT glucose AUC. Resistance training AUC (11,960±1,961 mg/dL/min) was significantly less than NT AUC (12,885±1,993 mg/dL/min), t(14)=-2.193,

Effects of Negative Ion Energy Bands on Peak Anaerobic Capacity & Recovery

Effects of Negative Ion Energy Bands on Peak Anaerobic Capacity & Recovery Kai Holtz, Kevin H. Kendrick, Ph. D., and John D. Smith, Ph. D. Texas A&M University - San Antonio Undergraduate PURPOSE: To study the effects of a commercially available negative ion “energy band” on peak anaerobic capacity and recovery. METHODS: Twenty one participants (age = 28.2 + 5.2 yrs, ht = 172.1 + 1.0 cm, wt = 83.3 + 17.5 kg) completed two, 30-sec Wingate trials on a Monark 817E cycle ergometer while wearing either a True Power™ Energy Band (TB) (True Power LLC) or silver bracelet placebo (PB) (Hobby Lobby). Trial order was counterbalanced and each trial separated by approximately 1 week. Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and consent form were completed before testing, and participants were asked to refrain from consuming a heavy meal or caffeine at least 3 hours before testing. Wingate testing was preceded by a 5-min warm up consisting of cycling for 3 min at 50 rpm and 20% of prescribed Wingate load (.086 * body mass [kg]), and 5-sec sprints at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of prescribed load every 30 sec. After resting 3 min, participants commenced Wingate testing. Recovery consisted of cycling 10 min at 50rpm and 20% Wingate load. HR and oxygen consumption were measured throughout testing using a HR monitor (Polar) interfaced to a metabolic system (Parvo Medics’ TrueOne 2400). RPE (Borg 6-20 Scale) was recorded immediately following Wingate test and at 5 and 10 min of recovery. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between each trial (TB vs. PB) for: TB PB O2 Consumption (L/min) Rest 0.36 + 0.07 0.34 + 0.08 Post Wingate 1.84 + 0.40 1.82 + 0.40 5-min recovery 1.55 + 0.36 1.55 + 0.34 10-min recovery 1.48 + 0.35 1.48 + 0.35 Heart Rate (BPM) Rest 85.2 + 12.8 84.0 + 10.2 Post Wingate 164.5 + 11.3 163.6 + 15.7 5-min recovery 146.3 + 15.0 144.0 + 17.3 10-min recovery 144.7 + 15.5 142.7 + 17.9 RPE Post Wingate 18.0 + 2.0 18.0 + 2.1 5-min recovery 13.6 + 2.5 13.0 + 1.5 10-min recovery 12.1 + 2.1 11.7 + 1.6 Total Revolutions 39.7 + 8.7 39.4 + 8.7 Peak Revolutions/5 sec 10.1 + 2.0 10.0 + 2.2 CONCLUSION: It does not appear that True Power™ Energy Bands have any discernable effect on an individual\u27s anaerobic capacity and recovery