Caesarean section – desired rate versus actual need

According to the World Health Organization, governments have expressed interest in the rise in the numbers of caesarean section births and the potential negative consequences for maternal and infant health. If conducted when medically justified, a caesarean section can effectively prevent maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, there is no evidence showing the benefits of caesarean delivery for women or infants who do not require the procedure. As with any surgical intervention, caesarean sections are associated with short and long-term risk, which can extend many years beyond the current delivery and affect the health of the woman, her child, and future pregnancies. These risks are higher in women with limited access to comprehensive obstetric care. Unequivocally, the potential risks are higher in women with limited access to comprehensive obstetric care, hence the global health concern.Keywords: Caesarean section; Infant morbidity and mortality; Maternal morbidity and mortality; Global trend

Case Report: Angiomyolipoma of the cervix – report of a rare entity

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a mesenchymal neoplasm seen usually in the kidney. Few cases of extra renal AML have been documented in various organs including the female genital tract, where the uterus is the most common site. To the best of our knowledge, only 4 cases of AML in the cervix have been reported in the literature. Association of AML with tuberous sclerosis is well known. Presently AML is included in the spectrum of disease entities called PEComa. We report a case of AML without tuberous sclerosis arising from the uterine cervix, which has to be differentiated from lipoleiomyoma.Keywords: Angiomyolipoma; Uterine cervix; PEComas; Uterine tumo

Lipomatous retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma

Fatty replacement of non-lipomatous tumors is rare. We report a case of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma, showing fatty replacement in a 17-year-old adolescent male. The patient presented with a left lumbar mass. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) examination showed a 5 × 6 cm mass near the left adrenal gland. A diagnosis of myelolipoma was made clinically due to the proximity of the tumor to the adrenal gland and fat content of the tumor. Microscopic examination of the growth revealed extensive foci of fat scattered between the ganglioneuroma component. Fatty replacement of the ganglioneuroma has been documented only in four cases so far. A short review of the differential diagnosis of fat containing retroperitoneal masses is made along with emphasis on the pathological and clinical implications of lipomatous change