Zastosowanie sieci neuronowych w diagnostyce patologii endometrium

Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to construct neuron networks utilizing selected risk factors and ultrasonographic (USG) examination parameters in a two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) presentation in relation to endometrial pathologies. Materials and methods: The following risk factors were statistically analyzed: age and menopausal status, parity, using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), BMI, 2D USG of the endometrium (thickness, uterine artery blood flow indices) and 3D USG (volume, vascularization indices) in relation to the result of histopathological examination of the endometrial tissue in 421 women, aged 22-87 years, with abnormal bleeding from the uterus. The changes of the sensitivity and specificity in the applied models corresponding to changes of the limit value, were presented in the form of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the comparison of the values of the area under the curve (AUC). The threshold value for the obtained models was established and models of artificial neuron networks (ANN) were constructed on the basis of the ROC. Conclusion: Application of artificial neural networks in medicine has been developing rapidly. They have been applied in pre-surgical differentiation of ovarian tumors and other neoplasms. In case of endometrial carcinoma the degree of clinical usage of artificial neural networks has been limited, despite the fact that, from the mathematical point of view, the differentiation using neural networks would be much more precise than the one that could be obtained by chance.Streszczenie Cel pracy: Celem pracy było skonstruowanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych wykorzystujących wybrane czynniki ryzyka oraz parametry oceny ultrasonograficznej (USG) w prezentacji dwuwymiarowej (2D) i trójwymiarowej (3D) w odniesieniu do patologii endometrium. Materiał i metody: Analizie statystycznej poddano czynniki ryzyka: wiek oraz status menopauzalny, rodność, stosowanie hormonalnej terapii zastępczej, BMI, 2D USG endometrium (grubość, indeksy przepływu krwi w t. macicznej) i 3D (objętość, wskaźniki naczyniowe) w odniesieniu do wyniku badania histopatologicznego z endometrium u 421 kobiet z nieprawidłowym krwawieniem z macicy w wieku 22-87 lat. Zmiany czułości i specyficzności przy przesuwaniu wartości granicznej, dla zastosowanych modeli przedstawiono w formie krzywych ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves) oraz porównania wartości pola pod badanymi krzywymi AUC (Area Under the Curve). Na podstawie krzywych ROC stwierdzono wartość progową dla uzyskanych modeli oraz skonstruowano modele sztucznych sieci neuronowych (ANN). Wnioski: Wykorzystanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych w medycynie rozwija się dynamicznie. Znalazły one zastosowanie w przedoperacyjnym różnicowaniu guzów jajnika oraz innych nowotworów. W odniesieniu do raka endometrium pomimo tego, że z punktu widzenia matematycznego różnicowanie jest znacznie lepsze niż można by otrzymać przez przypadek, to jednak z punktu widzenia klinicznego w chwili obecnej zastosowanie ich jest ograniczone

Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress – literature review

Insomnia, anxiety and stress are common complaints of people living today. Together, these factors can significantly reduce the quality of people's lives and disrupt relationships. Insomnia is a health problem connected with the difficulty falling asleep, waking early, waking during sleep, or poor quality of sleep, the consequences of which during the day are a feeling of being fatigue, reduced well-being, irritability, impaired concentration and learning ability. Anxiety is an emotional state related with anticipation of danger coming from the outside or coming from inside the organism, manifesting itself as feeling of uneasiness, tension, embarrassment, threat. Stress is a disturbance of body homeostasis caused by a physical or psychological factor. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of  ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to find the proper publications, the search has been conducted with the use of a combination of key words like: ''ashawagandha'', ''insomnia'', ''anxiety'', ''stress". The first step was to find proper publications from the last 5 years. The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications. Currently a lot of researches is being conducted to find natural substances that are just as effective as pharmacotherapy in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress, but without the side effects. Some researchers have focused their attention to the ashwagandha root extract.  Results of mentioned studies proved the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract. However, further research is needed to estabilish the role of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress

Usefulness and efficiency of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in HPV detection by IHC and PCR/DEIA.

The use of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for HPV DNA detection by PCR from biopsy materials is not entirely clear in retrospective studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness and efficiency of FFPE tissues from laryngeal cancer (LSCC) in HPV detection by immunohistochemistry reaction (IHC) and PCR-DNA enzyme immunoassay method (PCR/DEIA) and to compare with HPV detection from DFT. HPV-DNA was amplified from 54 FFPE tissues from LSCC specimens by the short PCR fragment (SPF10) primer set using PCR/DNA method and monoclonal anti Human Papillomavirus antibodies in IHC. In the same patients 54 specimens were collected and immediately deep-frozen and stored at (-70°C) to (-80°C). All the FFPE and deep-frozen tissue (DFT) specimens were positive for β-globin amplification. HPV was detected by two methods (SPF10 PCR/DEIA and IHC) in 14 (25.92%) out of 54 specimens from FFPE. Significant differences were found between the HPV detection using PCR/DEIA method and IHC method in FFPE tissues. The comparative analysis of the 54 samples after assuming PCR method in FFPE tissues showed accuracy of 92.6%, sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 93.9%. The FFPE tissues method has high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy when used to detect HPV DNA by PCR reaction and it is comparable to DFT results. DNA quality of FFPE samples is adequate and it can be used in HPV-DNA detection and in retrospective studies on LSCC

Effects of ashwagandha root extract on physical performance – a clinical review

Sport is an important aspect of human life, affecting mental and physical health. Physical activity is one of the most effective ways of preventing the diseases of civilisation, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity and diabetes. There are many substances and methods that are used by athletes to improve physical performance, increase muscle mass and strength, increase concentration or suppress excessive emotions or reduce body weight to improve sports results. However, there is a need for research to find natural substances of plant origin, the use of which will lead to an increase in physical performance and will be fully legal and without side effects. Some scientists are conducting research into the use of ashwagandha root extract to improve physical performance. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and in reducing stress. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to find the proper publications, the search has been conducted with the use of a combination of key words like: ''ashawagandha'', ''physical performance'', ''physical endurance'', ''muscle strength". The first step was to find proper publications from the last 15 years. The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications.Sport is an important aspect of human life, affecting mental and physical health. Physical activity is one of the most effective ways of preventing the diseases of civilisation, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity and diabetes. There are many substances and methods that are used by athletes to improve physical performance, increase muscle mass and strength, increase concentration or suppress excessive emotions or reduce body weight to improve sports results. However, there is a need for research to find natural substances of plant origin, the use of which will lead to an increase in physical performance and will be fully legal and without side effects. Some scientists are conducting research into the use of ashwagandha root extract to improve physical performance. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and in reducing stress. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to find the proper publications, the search has been conducted with the use of a combination of key words like: ''ashawagandha'', ''physical performance'', ''physical endurance'', ''muscle strength". The first step was to find proper publications from the last 15 years. The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications

Najczęstsze choroby przeciążeniowe występujące u osób uprawiających balet = The most common disease occurring in the overload of people practicing balet

Michalczak Magdalena, Bojarczuk Katarzyna, Smoleń Agata. Najczęstsze choroby przeciążeniowe występujące u osób uprawiających balet = The most common disease occurring in the overload of people practicing balet. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):630-639. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60829http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3777   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016.  Najczęstsze choroby przeciążeniowe występujące u osób uprawiających baletThe most common disease occurring in the overload of people practicing balet Magdalena Michalczak, Katarzyna Bojarczuk, Agata Smoleń Katedra i Zakład Epidemiologii i Metodologii Badań Klinicznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie  Słowa kluczowe: choroby przeciążeniowe; balet; urazy sportowe.Key words: disease overload; ballet; sports injuries.   Abstrakt Wprowadzenie: Przeciążenia narządu ruchu u osób uprawiających balet niewątpliwie  przyczyniają się do powstawania wielu chorób. Popularność medialna sportu, pogoń za rekordami, zwiększanie obciążeń treningowych do granic wytrzymałości organizmu doprowadziły do wzrostu liczby tzw. urazów sportowych. Po latach treningów dochodzi do degeneracji stawów i struktur kostnych, co objawia się bólem oraz ograniczeniami ruchów. Jak wykazują statystyki u zawodowych sportowców dysfunkcja stawów stanowi często problem już po 30-40 roku życia. Przyczyną są nie tyle urazy, co zużycie stawów związane z dużymi obciążeniami podczas treningu i zawodów.Cel pracy: Przedstawienie najczęściej występujących chorób przeciążeniowych narządu ruchu u osób uprawiających balet.Materiał i metody: Metodą badawczą była analiza i krytyka piśmiennictwa. Przedmiotem metody jest literatura medyczna z zakresu ortopedii i rehabilitacji.Stan wiedzy: Przeciążenia narządu ruchu zarówno statyczne jak i dynamiczne są najczęstszą przyczyną dolegliwości bólowych stawów kończyn dolnych. To właśnie powtarzające się przeciążenia doprowadzają do powstawania zmian zwyrodnieniowych oraz przyczyniają się do urazów mechanicznych tkanek miękkich (więzadeł, mięśni, torebki stawowej).Podsumowanie: Najczęstszymi chorobami wywołanymi przeciążeniami narządu ruchu są głównie: uszkodzenia łąkotek kolana, przewlekłe nawrotowe zapalenie torebki maziowej, zapalenie kaletek maziowych, uraz więzadeł pobocznych, uraz więzadeł krzyżowych, jałowa martwica guzowatości piszczeli oraz uszkodzenie ścięgna Achillesa.  Abstract Introduction: Overload musculoskeletal patients practicing ballet undoubtedly contribute to the formation of many diseases. Popularity media sport, chasing records, increasing training loads to the limits of the body led to an increase in the number of so-called. sports injuries. After years of training, degeneration of joints and bony structures, resulting in pain and restricted movement. As shown by statistics from professional athletes joint dysfunction is a common problem after 30-40 years of age. The reason is not so much trauma that wear the joints associated with heavy loads during training and competition.Objective: Presentation of the most common diseases of musculoskeletal overload in people practicing ballet.Material and Methods: The research method was the analysis and critique of literature. The subject of the method is the medical literature in the field of orthopedics and rehabilitation.State of the art: Overload musculoskeletal both static and dynamic are the most common cause of pain in the joints of the lower limbs. It was repeated overload lead to the formation of degenerative changes and contribute to the mechanical trauma of soft tissues (ligaments, muscle, joint capsule).Summary: The most common diseases caused by overload the musculoskeletal system are mainly damaged meniscus knee, chronic recurrent inflammation of bursitis, inflammation of the bursae, trauma collateral ligament, cruciate ligament injury, avascular necrosis of the tibial tuberosity and damage to the Achilles tendon

Expectations of patients of selected rehabilitation centres in Lublin

Wstęp. Odpowiednio dobrany program rehabilitacji zapewnia prawidłowe funkcjonowanie osoby niepełnosprawnej w społeczeństwie. Zdefiniowanie oczekiwań pacjentów zgłaszających się na zabiegi z zakresu fizjoterapii może być pomocne dla opracowania działań mających na celu usprawnienie funkcjonowania placówek medycznych. Cel pracy. Analiza deklaratywnych oczekiwań pacjentów korzystających z leczenia fizjoterapeutycznego. Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto 50 pacjentów z różnymi schorzeniami narządu ruchu korzystających z zabiegów z zakresu fizjoterapii w wy­branych ośrodkach rehabilitacji w Lublinie. Metodą badawczą była ankieta. Wyniki. Podstawowe oczekiwania respondentów to: skuteczność, profesjonalizm wykonania zabiegów z zakresu fizjoterapii, przestrzeganie zasady zachowania intymności i poszanowania godności osobistej pacjenta. Wnioski. Konieczne jest opracowanie programu mającego na celu zmodyfikowanie zasad funkcjonowania zakładów opieki zdrowotnej oferujących usługi z zakresu fizjoterapii, tak aby w pełni spełniły oczekiwania pacjentów.Introduction. A properly selected rehabilitation program ensures the proper functioning of a disabled person in society. Defining expectations of clients seeking physiotherapy treatments may be helpful for the development of measures to improve the functioning of medical facilities Aim of the study. Analysis of declarative expectations of patients benefiting from physiotherapy treatment. Material and methods. The study included 50 patients with various diseases of the musculoskeletal system using physiotherapy treatments in selected rehabilitation centers in Lublin. A survey was a research method. Results. Basic expectations of respondents are: efficiency, professionalism in performing physiotherapy treatments, adherence to the principle of intimacy and respect for the dignity of the patient. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop a program to modify the rules for the functioning of health care facilities offering services in the field of physiotherapy, in order to fully meet the expectations of patients

Stosowanie zabiegów fizjoterapeutycznych u osób uprawiających balet po urazie sportowym oraz przeciążeniach narządu ruchu = The use of physical therapy in people practicing ballet trauma and sports overload the musculoskeletal system

Michalczak Magdalena, Bojarczuk Katarzyna, Smoleń Agata. Stosowanie zabiegów fizjoterapeutycznych u osób uprawiających balet po urazie sportowym oraz przeciążeniach narządu ruchu = The use of physical therapy in people practicing ballet trauma and sports overload the musculoskeletal system. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):640-651. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60867http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3783   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016.  Stosowanie zabiegów fizjoterapeutycznych u osób uprawiających balet po urazie sportowym oraz przeciążeniach narządu ruchuThe use of physical therapy in people practicing ballet trauma and sports overload the musculoskeletal system Magdalena Michalczak, Katarzyna Bojarczuk, Agata Smoleń Katedra i Zakład Epidemiologii i Metodologii Badań Klinicznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie   Słowa kluczowe: przeciążenie tkanek, balet, urazy sportowe.Keywords: overload tissue, ballet, sports injuries.  Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Każdy sportowiec poddawany jest obciążeniom. Są to obciążenia psychiczne i fizyczne i wzajemnie ze sobą powiązane. Zmiany stanu wytrenowania i poziomu formy sportowej, a także rozwój sportowy zawodnika to efekt długotrwałych zmian adaptacyjnych w organizmie człowieka pod wpływem treningu.Cel pracy: Ocena jakie zabiegi fizjoterapeutyczne najczęściej stosowane były u pacjentów po przebytym urazie sportowymMateriał i metody: Analizę przeprowadzono na losowo wybranych respondentach z grupy wiekowej od 12 do 38 roku życia, zamieszkałych na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Łącznie badaniem objęto grupę 20 osób.Wyniki: Proces patologii tkanek i urazów sportowych dotyczy 90% ankietowanych. 90% ankietowanych trening zawsze rozpoczyna od rozgrzewki, natomiast 10% badanych odpowiedziało, że czasami nie rozpoczynają treningu od rozgrzewki. Rehabilitacji po przeciążeniu tkanek objętych było 75%, przy czym w przychodni ambulatoryjnej rehabilitowanych jest 60% ankietowanych. W mniejszym stopniu pacjenci korzystają z usprawniania w domu - 10%  badanych. Najczęściej stosowanym zabiegiem była kinezyterapia - 75%. Masaż leczniczy również został uznany za często stosowany zabieg w patofizjologii tkanek - 15%. Rzadziej stosowanymi zabiegami okazały się prądy galwaniczne - 5% oraz ultradźwięki - 5%. U znacznej większości osób ankietowanych – 75% nie występowały choroby współistniejące.Wnioski: W badaniach stwierdzono wysoki odsetek osób, u których występują przeciążenia tkanek oraz urazy stawów, które spowodowane są zbyt częstym i długotrwałym treningom - 90% badanych. U znacznej większości osób badanych nie występowały choroby współistniejące, które mogłyby dodatkowo wpływać na powstawanie urazów tak jak np. osteoporoza - 75% osób ankietowanych.    Summary Introduction: Every athlete is subjected to loads. These are the mental and physical load and interrelated. Changes in the level of training and sports form, as well as the development of a sports player is the result of long-term adaptive changes in the human body under the influence of training.Aim: To what physiotherapy treatments most commonly been used in patients with a history of trauma sportsMaterial and Methods: The analysis was conducted on randomly selected respondents from the age group of 12 to 38 years of age, residing in the Lublin province. In total, the study involved a group of 20 people.Results: The process of pathology and tissue sports injuries applies to 90% of respondents. 90% of respondents training always starts with a warm-up, while 10% of respondents answered that they sometimes do not start training warm-up. Rehabilitation after overload tissues were covered by 75%, while in outpatient rehabilitation clinic is 60% of the respondents. To a lesser extent, patients benefit from the improvement in the home - 10% of respondents. The most commonly used procedure was physiotherapy - 75%. Therapeutic massage has also been recognized as a frequently used treatment in the pathophysiology of tissue - 15%. Less commonly used treatments proved to galvanic currents - 5%, and ultrasound - 5%. The vast majority of respondents - 75%, there were no comorbidities.Conclusions: The study found a high percentage of people who experience an overload of tissue and joint injuries, which are caused by too frequent and prolonged workouts - 90% of respondents. The vast majority of the subjects did not occur concomitant diseases, which could further affect the formation of injuries such as, eg. Osteoporosis - 75% of the polled

The level of knowledge about first aid rules among high school students

First aid is defined as a group of activities directed at a person in a sudden health or life threatening state which is performed by somebody who is present at the site of the incident. First aid skills are taught in high school during the Education for Safety and it is an extension of the subject introduced in junior high school. The aim of the study is to evaluate the level of knowledge of high school students on first aid rules. Material and methods: The studying group consisted of 304 students of I, II and III High School in Zamość (F-60,2%, n=183, M-39,8%, n=121). The survey used self-reported proprietary questionnaire. Results: 94,4% (n=287) of the respondents knew correct chest compression to breathing ratio in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This answer was given significantly more commonly by the students from rural areas than the teenagers living in town (97,2%, n=174 vs 90,4%, n=113 respectively, p=0,01). Respondents living in rural areas also more often were able to describe correct procedure both in case of foreign body embedded in the wound (92,1%, n=163 vs 81,6%, n=102, p=0,01) as well as how to dress the wound (73,7%, n=132 vs 60,8%, n=76, p=0,01). Less than a half of studying group knew appropriate management in case of collapse (29,9%) and in case of first grade burn (49,3%). 46,7% of the respondents knew how to differentiate venous from arterial hemorrhage, and in that area male students were giving the correct answer more often than women (58,7%, n=71 vs 39,2%, n=71 respectively,

Diagnostics of intestinal parasites in light microscopy among the population of children in eastern Afghanistan

Objectives The Afghans, living in poor socioeconomic conditions, are estimated to be a community with a high rate of intestinal parasitic infections. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and species of intestinal parasites among children’s population in eastern Afghanistan and to present the methods of optimizing the techniques for identification of pathogens in light microscopy. The research was carried out as a part of humanitarian project Capacity building of health care system in Ghazni Province. Material and Methods The study involved 500 children aged 7–18 attending the Share Kona and the Khuija Ali High Schools in Ghazni, eastern Afghanistan in the period November 2013-April 2014. Three stool samples were collected from each patient at 2-day intervals, the samples were fixed in 10% formalin, transported to the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland, where they were pooled and examined using five different diagnostic methods in light microscopy (direct smear in Lugol’s solution, Fülleborne’s flotation, decantation in distilled water, Kato-Miura thick smear, and DiaSys/PARASYS sedimentation system). Results Pathogenic intestinal parasites were detected in 217 patients (43.4%), with the most common Ascaris lumbricoides (35.3%), Giardia intestinalis (31.1%), and Hymenolepis nana (15.7%). The use of direct smear method allowed for the detection of intestinal parasites in 161 individuals. The application of four following testing methods has improved the detection rates of infected patients by 11.2%. Conclusions The variety of detected intestinal pathogens in examined children’s population has required the use of combination of multiple diagnostic methods in light microscopy, and finally improved the detection rates of intestinal parasites and helped eliminate infections with nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, and protozoa using appropriate treatment in the study population

The estimation of the probability of tumor malignacy on the basis of test combination in the primary diagnosis of adnexal tumors

Summary Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the risk of ovarian tumor malignancy based on logistic regression analysis and to construct a practical tool which might be used at the bedside. Material and methods: 379 women with adnexal masses were enrolled to the study. The results of the twodimensional (2D) gray-scale ultrasound examination, color and spectral Doppler blood flow measurement, threedimensional (3D) sonoangiography examination and serum levels of CA-125 measurement were analyzed. 160 out of 379 women with abnormal findings, (42.2%), were diagnosed with a malignant ovarian tumor, and 219 (57.8%) were found to have a non-malignant adnexal mass. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound scan findings, postmenopausal status and preoperative serum CA-125 levels, the risk of malignancy index (RMI) was calculated and compared to the result of logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the nomograms applicable at the bedside for estimation of the probability of malignancy for the examined adnexal tumor were derived. Results: The highest values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in univariate analysis were 0.87 for serum levels of CA-125 and 0. 83 for the color score. For the RML, the value of the area under ROC curve was 0.91. The results of logistic regression revealed that papillary growth, color score, age, pulsatility index (PI) and level of serum CA 125 were significant factors in the multivariate model. The obtained classification accuracies for MLRA model in the training set and the test set were 88% and 92%, respectively. The value of the area under the ROC curve was 0.94 and significantly differed from the value of area for CA-125 (