Brief communication: Long-term absence of Langerhans cells alters the gene expression profile of keratinocytes and dendritic epidermal T cells.

Tissue-resident and infiltrating immune cells are continuously exposed to molecules derived from the local cells that often come in form of secreted factors, such as cytokines. These factors are known to impact the immune cells\u27 biology. However, very little is known about whether the tissue resident immune cells in return also affect the local environment. In this study, with the help of RNA-sequencing, we show for the first time that long-term absence of epidermal resident Langerhans cells led to significant gene expression changes in the local keratinocytes and resident dendritic epidermal T cells. Thus, immune cells might play an active role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, which should be taken in consideration at data interpretation

Synthesis, Chemistry, and Electronic Structures of Group 9 Metallaboranes

Dimetallaoctaborane­(12) of Ru, Co, and Rh have been well-characterized by a range of spectroscopic techniques and X-ray diffraction studies. Thus, reinvestigation of the Ir-system became of interest. As a result, a slight modification in the reaction conditions enabled us to isolate the missing Ir analogue of octaborane(12), [(Cp*Ir)₂B₆H₁₀], <b>1</b>. Compound <b>1</b> adapts a geometry similar to that of its parent octaborane(12) and Ru, Co, and Rh analogues. In [M₂B₆H_10+<i>x</i>]­(M = Ru, <i>x</i> = 2; M = Co and Rh, <i>x</i> = 0), there exist two M–H–B protons. However, a significant difference observed in [(Cp*Ir)₂B₆H₁₀] is the presence of two Ir–H instead of Ir–H–B protons that eventually controls the reactivity of this molecule. For example, unlike [M₂B₆H₁₀]­(M = Co or Rh), the Ir-analogue does not react with metal carbonyl compounds or [Au­(PPh₃)­Cl]. Along with <b>1</b>, a <i>closo</i> trimetallic 8-vertex iridaborane [(Cp*Ir)₃B₅H₄Cl], <b>2</b> was also isolated. Additionally, from another reaction, 12-vertex <i>closo</i> iridaboranes [(Cp*Ir)₂B₁₀H_<i>y</i>(OH)_<i>z</i>], <b>3a</b> and <b>3b</b> (<b>3a</b>: <i>y</i> = 12, <i>z</i> = 0; <b>3b</b>: <i>y</i> = 8, <i>z</i> = 2), have also been isolated. Further, density functional theory calculations were performed to gain useful insight into the structure and stability of these compounds