5,429 research outputs found
Notes on the amphipacific relations of Hawaiian Cladoniaceae
The total number of currently accepted species of Cladoniaceae in the Hawaiian Islands is 22. Several taxonomic problems still exist, however. The effects of isolation are clear among Cladoniaceae. Endemism is high (c. 40%); and, the number of species low. The species must have reached the archipelago via long-distance trans-oceanic dispersal, probably aided by the abundant production of lichen propagules, such as soredia and microsquamules. Although most of the species found in Hawaii are widely distributed, the Hawaiian Cladoniaceae show slight affinities to those of E and SE Asia. Cladonia polyphylla Mont. & v.d. Bosch is an older name for C. fruticulosa Krempelh., and is lectotypified from authentic material. C. leprosula H. Magn. is included in C. ochrochlora Flörke
Comparison of Wechsler Memory ScaleâFourth Edition (WMSâIV) and Third Edition (WMSâIII) dimensional structures: Improved ability to evaluate auditory and visual constructs
Dimensional structures underlying the Wechsler Memory ScaleâFourth Edition (WMSâIV) and Wechsler Memory ScaleâThird Edition (WMSâIII) were compared to determine whether the revised measure has a more coherent and clinically relevant factor structure. Principal component analyses were conducted in normative samples reported in the respective technical manuals. Empirically supported procedures guided retention of dimensions. An invariant two-dimensional WMSâIV structure reflecting constructs of auditory learning/memory and visual attention/memory (C1 = .97; C2 = .96) is more theoretically coherent than the replicable, heterogeneous WMSâIII dimension (C1 = .97). This research suggests that the WMSâIV may have greater utility in identifying lateralized memory dysfunction
The Relationship of Peer Group Experiences to the Social Development of Boys at the Beginning of Adolescence
One of the most potent influences during the adolescent years is the power of group approval. The youth becomes subject to the conventions of his age group. By discovering the effect of various peer group experiences on the adolescent, schools and other character development agencies can better understand and guide the behavior of adolescents into socially responsible directions
On the debt Capacityof growth Options
If debt capacity is defined as the incremental debt that is optimally associated with an additional asset, then the debt capacity of growth options is negative. Underinvestment costs of debt increase and free cash flow benefits of debt fall with additional growth options. Thus, if firm value increases with additional growth options, then leverage not only declines, but the firmâs optimal total debt level declines as well. This result implies a negative relation between book leverage and growth options and provides a new economic interpretation of book leverage regressions.Growth options; Book leverage
- âŠ