125,030 research outputs found
How the minuscule can contribute to the big picture: the neutron electric dipole moment project at TRIUMF
A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of a fundamental particle violates
both parity (P) and time (T) reversal symmetry and combined charge and parity
(CP) reversal symmetry if the combined reversal of charge, parity \textit{and}
time (CPT) is preserved. It is a very promising place to search for physics
beyond the Standard Model. Ultracold neutrons (UCN) are the ideal tool to study
the neutron electric dipole moment since they can be observed for hundreds of
seconds. This article summarizes the current searches for the neutron EDM using
UCN and introduces the project to measure the neutron electric dipole moment at
TRIUMF using its unique accelerator driven spallation neutron and liquid helium
UCN source. The aim is to reach a sensitivity for the neutron EDM of around
cm.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, MENU 2016 Conference, Kyoto, Japa
Prognostic variables and scores identifying the last year of life in COPD: a systematic review protocol
Introduction People living with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from significant morbidity, reduced quality of life and high mortality, and are likely to benefit from many aspects of a palliative care approach. Prognostic estimates are a meaningful part of decision-making and better evidence for such estimates would facilitate advance care planning. We aim to provide quality evidence on known prognostic variables and scores which predict a prognosis in COPD of <12 months for use in the community. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review of randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective longitudinal cohort and case–control studies on prognostic variables, multivariate scores or models for COPD. The search will cover the period up to April 2016. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with data extraction using fields from the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist for multivariate models, and study quality will be assessed using a modified version of the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Ethics and dissemination The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and national and international conference presentations
GRB990123: The Case for Saturated Comptonization
The recent simultaneous detection of optical, X-ray and gamma-ray photons
from GRB990123 during the burst provides the first broadband multi-wavelength
characterization of the burst spectrum and evolution. Here we show that a
direct correlation exists between the time-varying gamma-ray spectral shape and
the prompt optical emission. This combined with the unique signatures of the
time-resolved spectra of GRB990123 convincingly supports earlier predictions of
the saturated Comptonization model. Contrary to other suggestions, we find that
the entire continuum from optical to gamma-rays can be generated from a single
source of leptons (electrons and pairs). The optical flux only appears to lag
the gamma-ray flux due to the high initial Thomson depth of the plasma. Once
the plasma has completely thinned out, the late time afterglow behavior of our
model is the same as in standard models based on the Blandford-McKee (1976)
solution.Comment: 10 pages, including 3 figures and 1 table, submitted to The
Astrophysical Journal Letter
NGC1333/IRAS4: A multiple star formation laboratory
We present SCUBA observations of the protomultiple system NGC1333/IRAS4 at
450um and 850um. The 850um map shows significant extended emission which is
most probably a remnant of the initial cloud core. At 450um, the component 4A
is seen to have an elongated shape suggestive of a disk. Also we confirm that
in addition to the 4A and 4B system, there exists another component 4C, which
appears to lie out of the plane of the system and of the extended emission.
Deconvolution of the beam reveals a binary companion to IRAS4B. Simple
considerations of binary dynamics suggest that this triple 4A-4BI-4BII system
is unstable and will probably not survive in its current form. Thus IRAS4
provides evidence that systems can evolve from higher to lower multiplicity as
they move towards the main sequence. We construct a map of spectral index from
the two wavelengths, and comment on the implications of this for dust evolution
and temperature differences across the map. There is evidence that in the
region of component 4A the dust has evolved, probably by coagulating into
larger or more complex grains. Furthermore, there is evidence from the spectral
index maps that dust from this object is being entrained in its associated
outflow.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures. To appear in MNRAS. Uses mn.sty. Also available
at http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/papers/smith/smith_p_m.htm
A Possible Formation Scenario for Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies - II: A Parameter Study
Dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies are considered the basic building blocks of
the galaxy formation process in the LCDM (Lambda Cold Dark Matter) hierarchical
cosmological model. These galaxies are believed to be the most dark matter (DM)
dominated systems known, have the lowest stellar content, and are poor in gas.
Many theories attempt to explain the formation of dSph galaxies resorting to
the fact that these galaxies are mainly found orbiting large galaxies or
invoking other mechanisms of interactions. Here we show the full set of
simulation as an extension of our fiducial model, where we study the formation
of classical dSph galaxies in isolation by dissolving star clusters within the
DM halo of the dwarf galaxy. In our parameter survey we adopt cored and cusped
DM halo profiles and consider different numbers of dissolving star clusters. We
investigate the dependency of observable quantities with different masses and
scale-lengths of the DM halo and different star formation efficiencies (SFE).
We find that our proposed scenario explains many features of the classical dSph
galaxies of the Milky Way, like their morphology and their dynamics. We see
trends how the surface brightness and the scale-length of the luminous
component vary with the parameters of our simulations. We also identify how
irregularities in their shape, i.e. clumpiness and ellipticity vary in our
simulations. In velocity space, we identify the parameters leading to flat
velocity dispersions curves. We recognize kinematically cold substructures in
velocity space, named fossil remnants and stemming from our unique initial
conditions, which alter the expected results. These streaming motions are
considered as a key feature for future observation with high resolution to
validate our scenario.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, 4 Tables, accepted for publication in MNRA
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