MS

thesisFor the differential I-R technique described in this paper, two specimens of coal were prepared for runs in the infrared double beam spectrometer. One specimen was prepared for the coal as received from the mine and this was placed in the reference beam. The other sample was prepared from coal which had been heated in a pressure tight container to the softening temperature. This was placed in the sample beam. The differential infrared spectrometer pattern thus obtained enables one to observe the changes in the infrared range. In the second phase of these tests the coal was heated to temperatures in the plastic range and then extracted with chloroform. The extract yield was run differentially versus the untreated coal in the infrared spectrophotometer. These tests indicated different band intensities than the untreated coal and also revealed some absorbtion bands which did not occur in the original coal or in the residue extract from the absorbtion process. The extract yield data was also used for a kinetic study of the coal's primary decomposition. Activation energies thus obtained for the solid to plastic step of the reaction appear to be of the general order of magnitude of 20 to 30 k.cal/mole

Molecular immunophenotyping of lungs and spleens in naive and vaccinated chickens early after pulmonary avian influenza A (H9N2) virus infection

In a respiratory-infection-model with the avian influenza A H9N2 virus we studied lung and splenic immune reactions in chickens using a recently developed 5K chicken immuno-microarray. Groups of chickens were either mock-immunized (referred to as non-immune), vaccinated with inactivated viral antigen only (immune) or with viral antigen in a water-in-oil (W/O) immunopotentiator (immune potentiated). Three weeks after vaccination all animals were given a respiratory infection. Immune potentiated birds developed inhibitory antiviral antibodies, showed minimal lung histopathology and no detectable viral sequences, while non-immune animals showed microscopic immunopathology and detectable virus. Immune birds, receiving antigen in saline only, showed minimal microscopic histopathology, and intermediate levels of virus detection. These classical features in the different groups were mirrored by overlapping or specific mRNA gene expression profiles in lungs and spleen using microarray analysis. To our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating pneumonia-associated lung pathology of the low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus. Our data provide insights into the molecular interaction of this virus with its natural host when naive or primed by vaccination

What Should Professors Teach about the Protestant Work Ethic?

The purpose of this paper is to argue that Christian professors need to teach students to question assumptions underlying business constructs, even familiar constructs. The Protestant work ethic (PWE) is an important and influential work ethic, but after analysis, it will be shown to be neither biblical nor Protestant. By this we mean that some key definitional elements of the PWE are not Biblical and are not philosophically compatible with the theologies of Martin Luther or John Calvin. Our conclusion is that Christian professors should use the PWE as a cautionary tale to help Christian students evaluate worldviews. The authors suggest several classroom exercises to help students develop their skills in testing assumptions

Micro irrigation with photovoltaics

Prepared under contract no. EX-76-A-01-2295-037

Soybean, 1962-1966

Cover title."University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. Agriculture.

Unified Enantioselective, Convergent Synthetic Approach Toward the Furanobutenolide-Derived Polycyclic Norcembranoid Diterpenes: Synthesis of a Series of Ineleganoloids by Oxidation State Manipulation of the Carbocyclic Core

Late-stage synthetic efforts to advance the enatio- and diastereoselectively constructed [6,7,5,5]-fused tetracyclic scaffold toward the polycyclic norditerpenoid ineleganolide are disclosed. The described investigations focus on oxidation-state manipulation around the central cycloheptane ring. Computational evaluation of ground-state energies of dihydroineleganolide is used to rationalize empirical observations and provide insight for further synthetic development, enhancing the understanding of the conformational constraints of these compact polycyclic structures. Advanced synthetic manipulations generated a series of natural product-like compounds termed the ineleganoloids

Enantioselective, convergent synthesis of the ineleganolide core by a tandem annulation cascade

An enantioselective and diastereoselective approach toward the synthesis of the polycyclic norditerpenoid ineleganolide is disclosed. A palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation is employed to stereoselectively construct the requisite chiral tertiary ether and facilitate the synthesis of a 1,3-cis-cyclopentenediol building block. Careful substrate design enabled the convergent assembly of the ineleganolide [6,7,5,5]-tetracyclic scaffold by a diastereoselective cyclopropanation–Cope rearrangement cascade under unusually mild conditions. Computational evaluation of ground state energies of late-stage synthetic intermediates was used to guide synthetic development and aid in the investigation of the conformational rigidity of these highly constrained and compact polycyclic structures. This work represents the first successful synthesis of the core structure of any member of the furanobutenolide-derived polycyclic norcembranoid diterpene family of natural products. Advanced synthetic manipulations generated a series of natural product-like compounds that were shown to possess selective secretory antagonism of either interleukin-5 or interleukin-17. This bioactivity stands in contrast to the known antileukemic activity of ineleganolide and suggests the norcembranoid natural product core may serve as a useful scaffold for the development of diverse therapeutics

The implications of the regional haze rule on renewable and wind energy development on Native American lands in the west: Working paper series--02-21

A study conducted at Northern Arizona University investigated the barriers and opportunities facing Native American tribes in the west when considering development of their renewable energy resources in order to reduce regional haze. This paper summarizes some of the findings of that work with special attention to wind energy. Background information is presented concerning the regional haze rule and the western regional air partnership, and some of the circumstances surrounding development of tribal energy resources. An assessment of tribal energy issues revealed that many Native American tribes are interested in developing their renewable resources. However, this development should occur within the context of maintaining and strengthening their cultural, social, economic, and political integrity. Furthermore, it is shown that Native American lands possess an abundant wind resource. A list of potential actions in which tribes may participate prior to or during development of their wind or renewable resources is provided