Experimental and theoretical he-broadened line parameters of carbon monoxide in the fundamental band

We report experimental measurements and theoretical calculations for He-broadened Lorentz half-width coefficients and He- pressure-shift coefficients of 45 carbon monoxide transitions in the 1-0 band. The high-resolution spectra analyzed in this study were recorded over a range of sample temperatures between 296 and 80 K. The He-broadened line parameters and their temperature dependences were retrieved using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares analysis program. A previous analysis of these spectra\footnote{A.~W.~Mantz \textit{et al.}, \textit{J.~Molec.~Structure} \underline{\textbf{742}} (2005) 99-110.} used only the Voigt line shape. In the present study four line shape models were compared including Voigt, speed dependent Voigt, Rautian (to take into account confinement narrowing) and Rautian with speed dependence. The line mixing coefficients have been calculated using the Exponential Power Gap scaling law. We were unable to retrieve the temperature dependence of the line mixing coefficients. The current measurements and theoretical results are compared with other published results, where appropriate

Self- and H2-broadened line parameters of carbon monoxide in the first overtone band

In this study we have re-analyzed high-resolution spectra of pure CO and CO broadened by hydrogen recorded in the spectral range of the first overtone band.\footnote{V.~Malathy Devi \textit{et al.}, \textit{J.~Mol.~Spectrosc.} \underline{\textbf{228}} (2004) 580-592.} We have used four different line shapes in the multispectrum analysis (Voigt, speed dependent Voigt, Rautian, and Rautian with speed dependence) and compared the resulting line shape parameters. The line mixing coefficients have been calculated using the Exponential Power Gap and the Energy Corrected Sudden scaling laws. A classical approach was applied to calculate CO line widths in CO-H$_2$ and CO-CO collisions. The formulas of classical impact theory\footnote{R.~G.~Gordon, \textit{J.~Chem.~Phys.} \underline{\textbf{44}} (1966) 3083-3089\textit{ibid.}, \underline{\textbf{45}} (1966) 1649-1655.} are used for calculation of dipole absorption half-widths along with exact 3D Hamilton equations for simulation of molecular motion. The calculations utilize Monte Carlo averaging over collision parameters and simple interaction potential (Tipping-Herman + electrostatic).\footnote{J.-P.~Bouanich and A.~Predoi-Cross, \textit{J.~Molec.~Structure} \underline{\textbf{742}} (2005) 183-190.}\footnote{A.~Predoi-Cross, J.-P.~Bouanich, D.~Chris Benner, A.~D.~May, and J.~R.~Drummond, \textit{J.~Chem.~Phys.} \underline{\textbf{113}} (2000) 158-168.} Molecules are treated as rigid rotors. The dependences of CO half-widths on rotational quantum number $J\le 24$ are computed and compared with measured data at room temperature

TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF SELF- AND AIR-BROADENED CO LINE SHAPES IN THE FUNDAMENTAL BAND

We present results of an extensive analysis of the CO 1$\leftarrow$0 band in 40 spectra of pure carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide mixed with air recorded at temperatures ranging between 79 K and room temperature. All spectra were recorded using the 1-m McMath-Pierce Fourier Transform spectrometer located at Kitt Peak, AZ, USA and two temperature-controlled gas cells. The analysis was carried out using multispectrum fitting software\footnote{D.~C.~Benner, C.~P.~Rinsland, V.~Malathy Devi, M.~A.~H.~Smith and D.~A.~Atkins, \textit{JQSRT} \underline{\textbf{53}} (1995) 705-721.} and the Voigt, speed-dependent Voigt and Rautian line shape models. When using the Rautian model, we employed calculated narrowing parameters obtained from computed diffusion constants\footnote{J.~O.~Hirschfelder, C.~F.~Curtiss and R.~B.~Bird, \underline{Molecular theory of gases and liquids}, New York, Wiley and Sons, 1952.} for each of the absorber-perturber pairs CO-CO, CO-N$_2$ and CO-O$_2$. The experimentally retrieved temperature dependences of the line shape parameters are been compared with previous published results and with the results of calculations for CO-N$_2$. We thank D.~Chris Benner for the Labfit software. The work of V.~M.~Devi was funded by NASA grants and contracts, and the research by M.~A.~H.~Smith was performed as part of her former employment at NASA Langley Research Center. No official endorsements are intended or implied. N.~Islam and A.~Predoi-Cross have been funded by NSERC. S.~Ivanov received financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the State assignment FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS and Russian Science Foundation (Project No.18-55-16006)

Stratospheric measurements of continuous absorption near 2400 cm^-1

Solar occultation spectra obtained with a balloon-borne interferometer have been used to study continuous absorption by N2 and CO2 near 2400 cm^-1 in the lower stratosphere. Synthetic continuum transmittances, calculated from published coefficients for far-wing absorption by CO2 lines and for pressure-induced absorption by the fundamental band of N2, are in fair agreement with the observed stratospheric values. The continuum close to the ν3 R-branch band head of CO2 is sensitive to the CO2 far-wing line shape. Therefore, given highly accurate knowledge of the N2 continuum from laboratory data, high-resolution stratospheric spectra provide a sensitive means for in situ testing of various air-broadened CO2 line shapes at low temperatures

Intimate Partner Violence and Disabilities among Women Attending Family Practice Clinics

Purpose: To estimate the frequency and type of disabilities preventing work among those experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) compared with those never experiencing IPV. Methods: We used a large cross-sectional survey of women, ages 18–65, attending family practice clinics from 1997 through 1998. Participation included a 5–10-minute in-clinic survey assessing IPV experience and a longer telephone survey assessing health status and chronic disabilities that prevented work outside the home or housework. Results: Of 1,152 eligible women surveyed, 54% experienced some type of IPV, and 24% were currently in a violent relationship. Women who had ever experienced IPV were more than twice as likely to report a disability (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] _ 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 3.0). The most commonly reported disabilities were those associated with heart or circulatory disease (4.9%), followed by back problems (3.5%), chronic pain (3.4%), arthritis (3.0%), nerve system damage (2.4%), asthma or another respiratory problem including emphysema (1.7%), and either depression (1.6%) or another mental illness (1.0%). Women ever experiencing IPV were more likely to report a disability due to generalized chronic pain (aOR _ 2.5, 95% CI 1.5, 4.3) and mental illness (aOR _ 4.5, 95% CI 1.5, 13.1). IPV-related injuries were associated in a dose-dependent manner with having any disability and with disability from chronic pain, asthma and other respiratory diseases, mental illness, and chronic diseases. Conclusions: Primary care-based efforts to screen for IPV and effectively intervene to reduce the impact of IPV on women’s lives must be a public health priority to reduce the shortterm and long-term health effects, including disabilities

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF SELF- AND AIR-BROADENED METHANE IN THE 4100-4300 cm−1 REGION

The line parameters of self- and air-broadened methane in the $\nu_1+\nu_4$ and $\nu_3+\nu_4$ bands are determined using a nonlinear least-squares multispectrum fitting technique. We have analyzed a set of 14 laboratory spectra of pure methane and lean mixtures of methane in air which were recorded using a high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California, employing a coolable sample cell with optical path length 20.38 cm. The line parameters determined in this analysis include line positions, intensities, self- and air-broadened line widths and pressure-induced shifts along with their temperature dependences, assuming a Speed-Dependent Voigt Profile (SDVP). The line mixing coefficients are quantified via the off-diagonal relaxation matrix element formalism. The broadening and shift parameters show good agreement with literature values and spectroscopic database entries. The observed line positions and intensities also agree fairly well with theoretically calculated results and values found in the spectroscopic databases. Spectroscopic parameters are also determined for some transitions of the $\nu_2+2\nu_4$, $2\nu_2+\nu_4$ and $3\nu_4$ bands of methane in the spectral range 4100-4300 cm$^{-1}$.\footnote{Research described in this talk was performed at the College of William and Mary, Langley Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and cooperative agreements with NASA.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES OF AIR-BROADENING AND SHIFT PARAMETERS IN THE _3 BAND OF OZONE

Line parameter errors can contribute significantly to the total errors in retrievals of terrestrial atmospheric ozone concentration profiles using the strong 9.6-$mu$m band, particularly for nadir-viewing experimentsfootnote{J.~Worden textit {et al.}, textit{J.~Geophys.~Res.} underline{textbf{109}} (2004) 9308-9319.}. Detailed knowledge of the interfering ozone signal is also needed for retrievals of other atmospheric speciesfootnote{R.~Beer textit {et al.}, textit{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.} underline{textbf{35}} (2008) L09801.} in this spectral region. We have determined Lorentz air-broadening and pressure-induced shift coefficients along with their temperature dependences for a number of transitions in the $nu_3$ fundamental band of $^{16}$O$_3$. These results were obtained by applying the multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting techniquefootnote{D.~Chris Benner textit {et al.}, textit{JQSRT} underline{textbf{53}} (1995) 705-721.} to a set of 31 high-resolution infrared absorption spectra of O$_3$ recorded at temperatures between 160 and 300 K with several different room-temperature and coolable sample cells at the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. We compare our results with other available measurements and with the ozone line parameters in the HITRAN databasefootnote{L.~S.~Rothman textit {et al.}, textit{JQSRT} underline{textbf{130}} (2013) 4-50.}

SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES IN THE ν3 Q BRANCH OF 12CH4 NEAR 3.3 μm

Detailed knowledge of spectroscopic parameters for prominent Q branches of methane is necessary _x000d_ for interpretation and modeling of high resolution infrared spectra of terrestrial and planetary atmospheres. _x000d_ We have measured air-broadened line shape parameters in the Q branch of $^{12}$CH$_4$ in the $nu_3$ fundamental _x000d_ band for a large number of transitions in the 3000 to 3023 cm$^{-1}$ region by analyzing 13 room-temperature laboratory absorption spectra. Twelve of these spectra were recorded with 0.01 cm$^{-1}$ resolution using the McMath-Pierce _x000d_ Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) of the National Solar Observatory (NSO) on Kitt Peak, and one _x000d_ higher-resolution ($sim$0.0011 cm$^{-1}$) low pressure ($sim$1 Torr) spectrum of methane was obtained using the _x000d_ Bruker IFS 120HR FTS at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, WA. _x000d_ The air-broadened spectra were recorded using various absorption cells with path lengths of 5, 20, 25, and 150 cm, _x000d_ total sample pressures between 50 and 500 Torr, and CH$_4$ volume mixing ratios of 0.01 or less. _x000d_ All 13 spectra were fit simultaneously covering the 3000-3023 cm$^{-1}$ spectral region using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares techniquefootnote{D.~C.~Benner, C.~P.~Rinsland, V.~Malathy Devi, M.~A.~H.~Smith, D.~Atkins, textit{JQSRT} _x000d_ textbf{53} (1995) 705-721.} to retrieve accurate line positions, absolute intensities, Lorentz air-broadened widths _x000d_ and pressure-shift coefficients. Line mixing using the off-diagonal relaxation matrix element _x000d_ formalismfootnote{A.~Levy, N.~Lacome, C.~Chackerian, Collisional line mixing, in textit{Spectroscopy of _x000d_ the Earth$^prime$s Atmosphere and Interstellar Medium}, Academic Press, Inc., Boston (1992) 261-337.} was measured _x000d_ for a number of pairs of transitions for the CH$_4$-air collisional system. The results will be _x000d_ compared to values reported in the literature._x000d

POSITIONS, INTENSITIES AND AIR-BROADENED LINE SHAPE PARAMETERS FOR THE 1←0 BANDS OF CO ISOTOPOLOGUES

High-resolution spectra recorded with Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) have been analyzed to determine line positions and intensities for transitions in the 1$\leftarrow$0 bands of $^{12}$C$^{16}$O, $^{13}$C$^{16}$O, $^{12}$C$^{18}$O and $^{13}$C$^{16}$O, and air-broadened half-width and shift coefficients, their temperature dependences, line mixing and speed dependence parameters were measured for $^{13}$C$^{16}$O and $^{12}$C$^{18}$O transitions. These parameters were retrieved from two multispectrum fittings (1940-2260 cm$^{-1}$) of a data set that included two room-temperature spectra of a natural sample of CO recorded with the Kitt Peak FTS and self- and air-broadened spectra (up to 626 Torr) of $^{13}$C-enriched and $^{18}$O-enriched CO samples between 150 K and room temperature recorded with the JPL Bruker IFS-125HR FTS. Sample cells with path lengths of about 0.5, 1.1, 4.3 and 20.4 cm were used, and all but the shortest cell were temperature controlled. The retrieved 1$\leftarrow$0 band strengths of $^{12}$C$^{16}$O, $^{12}$C$^{18}$O and $^{13}$C$^{18}$O are very close to the HITRAN2012\footnote{L.~S.~Rothman et al.,\textit{JQSRT} \underline{\textbf{130}} (2013) 4-50.} values, but for $^{13}$C$^{16}$O the band strength is $\sim$4.5$\%$ larger than the HITRAN2012 value and 2.6$\%$ higher than the HITRAN2016\footnote{I.~E.~Gordon et al.,\textit{JQSRT} \underline{\textbf{203}} (2016) 3-69.} value.\footnote{Research described in this talk was performed at Connecticut College, the College of William and Mary, Langley Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and cooperative agreements with NASA.

LINE SHAPE PARAMETERS OF WATER VAPOR TRANSITIONS IN THE 3645-3975 cm−1 REGION

A Bruker IFS 120HR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)_x000d_ in Richland, Washington was used to record a series of spectra in the regions of the $nu_1$ and $nu_3$ bands_x000d_ of H$_2$O. The samples included low pressures of pure H$_2$O as well as H$_2$O broadened by air at different pressures, temperatures and volume mixing ratios. We fit simultaneously 16 high-resolution (0.008 cm$^{-1}$), high S/N ratio absorption spectra recorded at 268, 296 and 353 K (L=19.95 cm), employing a multispectrum fitting _x000d_ techniquefootnote{D.~C.~Benner, C.~P.~Rinsland, V.~Malathy Devi, M.~A.~H.~Smith, D.~Atkins, textit{JQSRT} _x000d_ textbf{53} (1995) 705-721.} to retrieve accurate line positions, relative intensities, _x000d_ Lorentz air-broadened half-width and pressure-shift coefficients and their temperature dependences for _x000d_ more than 220 H$_2$O transitions. Self-broadened half-width and self-shift coefficients were measured _x000d_ for over 100 transitions. For select sets of transition pairs for the H$_2$O-air system we determined _x000d_ collisional line mixing coefficients via the off-diagonal relaxation matrix element _x000d_ formalismfootnote{A.~Levy, N.~Lacome, C.~Chackerian, Collisional line mixing, in textit{Spectroscopy of _x000d_ the Earth$^prime$s Atmosphere and Interstellar Medium}, Academic Press, Inc., Boston (1992) 261-337.}, _x000d_ and we also measured speed dependence parameters for 85 transitions. Modified Complex Robert Bonamy (MCRB) _x000d_ calculations of the half-widths, line shifts, and temperature dependences were made for _x000d_ self-, N$_2$-, O$_2$-, and air-broadening. The measurements and calculations are compared with each _x000d_ other and with similar parameters reported in the literature