Live and let die: opiate overdose deaths in Chicago

The use of narcotics, particularly opiates, is a health and social problem that is prevalent worldwide. One serious outcome of opiate overdose is death. Chicago is an important urban center that has serious opiate overdose-induced death problem that is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study is to better understand factors contributing to death from opiate overdoses, and specifically age at death. To acquire a better understanding of overdose-induced death a comprehensive database of opiate-related deaths in Chicago between 1999 and 2003 was created, including only opiate-overdose incidents. Blacks constituted the largest number of opiate-related deaths. However, we found that, victims who were Black, male, married, and took the combination of heroin and cocaine died at an older age than other people who died of an overdose in our database. By contrast, Hispanics who experienced overdose died at significantly younger ages than others in the database. In addition, we found females and or non-married drug addicts, even if they were Black, lived shorter lives than others in this study. Extended longevity among opiate addicts might indicate the existence of resistance factors to death by opiate overdose. Investigating these factors might contribute to longer life expectancy and lower risk of death among opiate addicts. By identifying specific populations at risk, our results will further help health and policy officials design and implement efficient steps by targeting specific groups and preventing unnecessary deaths through education as well as rehabilitation

Consultation with children and young people with experience of domestic abuse on Scottish Government National Domestic Abuse Delivery Group draft proposals : main report

Findings and Conclusions: Major Themes • There was support in principle from young people for all of the proposals • Young people gave careful consideration to the proposals and to how they might operate in practice; they expressed some caution about supporting them unreservedly until it was demonstrated they would work in practice • In relation to all of the proposals young people had concerns about confidentiality and privacy, about to the ability to control the flow of personal information, and there were concerns about trust • Participants expressed the importance of the proposals contributing to young people being and feeling safe

ORGANIZING THE ECONOMICS ACADEMY: THE EVOLUTION OF PROFESSIONAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATIONS, 1777-2000

Scholarly societies in economics (and many other professions) are clubs that provide members with a range of club goods, many of which have broader and economically significant spillover consequences for society at large. Yet surprisingly little is known about the historical evolution or current composition of these associations. This analysis of the development of professional economics societies worldwide provides perspectives on the evolution of the economics research industry they serve. Although the origins of current economic associations can be traced at least as far back as 1777, almost all of the growth in professional economics associations has been concentrated in the past 125 years and especially between 1945 and 2000. At the beginning of the 20th century almost all economic associations were general economics societies. The fractionalization of the profession, leading to a proliferation of associations with sub-disciplinary focus began in 1920 and accelerated after 1960. By 2000, almost two thirds of all economic associations served sub-disciplines ranging from law and economics through fisheries economics to public choice and game theory. There are comparatively few economic associations in the poorest parts of the world that are often most in need of the public goods economists can provide.Professional associations, club goods, economic societies, knowledge, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

The Evolution of Economics Clubs: 1777-2000

Replaced with revised version of paper 01/30/06.Professional associations, club goods, economic societies, knowledge, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, A11, A12, D71, N011,

Aster Yellows.

4 p