618 research outputs found
Non-monotonic size dependence of the elastic modulus of nanocrystalline ZnO embedded in a nanocrystalline silver matrix
We present the first high pressure Raman study on nanocrystalline ZnO films
with different average crystallite sizes. The problem of low Raman signals from
nano sized particles was overcome by forming a nanocomposite of Ag and ZnO
nanoparticles. The presence of the nanodispersed Ag particles leads to a
substantial surface enhancement of the Raman signal from ZnO. We find that the
elastic modulus of nanocrystalline ZnO shows a non-monotonic dependence on the
crystallite size. We suggest that the non-monotonicity arises from an interplay
between the elastic properties of the individual grains and the intergranular
region.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Preventive gynaecology: awareness, attitude and practices of gynecologists
Background: Gynecologists are aware of screening tests of all gynecological malignancies. However, attitude and practices do not match with this. Present study was conducted in 214 gynecologists to evaluate awareness, attitude and practices of preventive gynecology.Methods: A survey was conducted among 214 gynecologists of Nagpur, using a questionnaire. This evaluated implementation of screening and preventive measures used by them for self-protection as well as for the women seeking their services. Their attitude regarding HPV vaccine as a preventive measure was also noted.Results: In present study, 160 (74.76%) gynecologists routinely advice pap smear to the patients, 54 (25.23%) gynecologists advice pap smear to the patients only if it is indicated. 102 (47.66%) gynecologists and spouses have got their own pap smear done. 192 (89.71%) were doing their self breast examination regularly and 66 (30.84%) had done their mammography. 168 (78.50%) had their ultrasound done and 98 (45.79%) had their P/V done. 132 (61.68%) are advising HPV vaccination to the patients routinely and 48 (22.42%) gynecologists had given HPV vaccination to their daughters.Conclusions: Proper and effective utilization of available facilities would depend on creating better understanding and change in their outlook. Stepping up and strengthening of preventive health care services is essential
Antenatal screening for aneuploidy
Background: It is uncertain how best to screen pregnant women for the presence of fetal Down's syndrome and other aneuploides, whether to perform first-trimester screening or to perform second-trimester screening or both.Methods: Women with singleton and multiple pregnancies underwent first-trimester combined screening (measurement of nuchal translucency, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A [PAPP-A], and the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin at 10 weeks 3 days through 13 weeks 6 days of gestation). Also, second-trimester quadruple screening (measurement of alpha-fetoprotein, total human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A) and triple marker test was done from 15 to 18 weeks of gestation.Results: 12 (5%) patients had positive screening test for combined screening in first trimester, 6 (10.9%) patients had positive screening for quadruple test while 1 (2.85%) patients had positive screening for triple test. Out of 19 positive screening, 16 (84.21%) had their amniocentesis done for confirmation of diagnosis. In all 16 patients, chromosomal analysis was normal. Not a single patient turned out to have a baby with Down syndrome or any other aneuploidy. False positive rate for combined screening in first trimester was 5%, false positive rate for quadruple test in second trimester was 10.9%, false positive rate for triple marker test in second trimester was 2.85%.Conclusions: First-trimester combined screening is better than second-trimester quadruple test or triple marker test for syndrome or any other aneuploidy
Chandra Observations of X-ray Weak Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
We present Chandra observations of 17 optically-selected, X-ray weak
narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies. These objects were optically identified
by Williams et al. (2002) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Early Data Release,
but were not found in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) despite having optical
properties similar to RASS-detected NLS1s. All objects in this sample were
detected by Chandra and exhibit a range of 0.5-2 keV photon indices
Gamma=1.1-3.4. One object was not detected in the soft band, but has a best-fit
Gamma=0.25 over the full 0.5-8 keV range. These photon indices extend to values
far below what are normally observed in NLS1s. A composite X-ray spectrum of
the hardest objects in this sample does not show any signs of absorption,
although the data do not prohibit one or two of the objects from being highly
absorbed. We also find a strong correlation between Gamma and L_1keV; this may
be due to differences in L_bol/L_Edd among the NLS1s in this sample. Such
variations are seemingly in conflict with the current paradigm that NLS1s
accrete near the Eddington limit. Most importantly, this sample shows that
strong, ultrasoft X-ray emission is not a universal characteristic of NLS1s; in
fact, a substantial number may exhibit weak and/or low-Gamma X-ray emission.Comment: Minor changes, added section on X-ray weakness. 25 pages incl. 6
figures, 3 tables, accepted to Ap
Dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in healthy breastfed infants: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
BackgroundThe development of probiotics as therapies to cure or prevent disease lags far behind that of other investigational medications. Rigorously designed phase I clinical trials are nearly non-existent in the field of probiotic research, which is a contributing factor to this disparity. As a consequence, how to appropriately dose probiotics to study their efficacy is unknown. Herein we propose a novel phase I ascending dose trial of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) to identify the dose required to produce predominant gut colonisation in healthy breastfed infants at 6 weeks of age.Methods/designThis is a parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind ascending dose phase I clinical trial of dietary supplementation with B. infantis in healthy breastfed infants. The objective is to determine the pharmacologically effective dose (ED) of B. infantis required to produce predominant (>50 %) gut colonisation in breastfed infants at 6 weeks of age. Successively enrolled infant groups will be randomised to receive two doses of either B. infantis or placebo on days 7 and 14 of life. Stool samples will be used to characterise the gut microbiota at increasing doses of B. infantis.DiscussionProbiotic supplementation has shown promising results for the treatment of a variety of ailments, but evidence-based dosing regimes are currently lacking. The ultimate goal of this trial is to establish a recommended starting dose of B. infantis for further efficacy-testing phase II trials designed to evaluate B. infantis for the prevention of atopic dermatitis and food allergies in at-risk children.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov # NCT02286999 , date of trial registration 23 October 2014
VACUTAINER(® )CPT™ and Ficoll density gradient separation perform equivalently in maintaining the quality and function of PBMC from HIV seropositive blood samples
BACKGROUND: For immune monitoring studies during HIV vaccine clinical trials, whole blood specimens from HIV seropositive (HIV(+)) patients may be collected at multiple sites and sent to a central location for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation, cryopreservation and functional evaluation. In this study we show a comparison of two PBMC preparation options, Ficoll density gradient separation (Ficoll) and Cell Preparation Tubes (CPT) using shipped whole blood specimens from 19 HIV(+ )patients (CD4 > 350, viral load < 50). The pre- and post- cryopreservation performance of samples collected by these two methods were compared by assessment of antigen-specific IFNγ expression in CD8(+ )and CD8(- )T cells, cellular viability, and cellular recovery. RESULTS: The results indicate that cryopreserved PBMC samples tested for CMV- and HIV- specific interferon-gamma (IFNγ) expression performed equivalent to the respective fresh PBMC processed under both collection conditions. Compared to fresh PBMC, the viability was significantly lower for cryopreserved PBMC derived using Ficoll, although it was never less than 90%. There were no significant differences in the IFNγ response, viability, or recovery between cryopreserved PBMC derived by Ficoll and by CPT. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that CPT is an efficient system for the collection and cryopreservation of functionally active HIV(+ )PBMC, as well as a viable alternative to Ficoll gradient separation
Discovery of a z=4.93, X-ray selected quasar by the Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChamP)
We present X-ray and optical observations of CXOMP J213945.0-234655, a high
redshift (z=4.93) quasar discovered through the Chandra Multiwavelength Project
(ChaMP). This object is the most distant X-ray selected quasar published, with
an X-ray luminosity of L(X)=5.9x10^44 erg/s (measured in the 0.3-2.5 keV band
and corrected for Galactic absorption). CXOMP J213945.0-234655 is a g' dropout
object (>26.2), with r'=22.87 and i'=21.36. The rest-frame X-ray to optical
flux ratio is similar to quasars at lower redshifts and slightly X-ray bright
relative to z>4 optically-selected quasars observed with Chandra. The ChaMP is
beginning to acquire significant numbers of high redshift quasars to
investigate the unobscured X-ray luminosity function out to z~5.Comment: Published in ApJ Letters; 4 pages; 3 figures;
http://hea-www.harvard.edu/CHAMP
BeppoSAX Observations of the Maser Sy2 Galaxy: ESO103-G35
We have made BeppoSAX observations of the Seyfert 2/1.9 galaxy ESO103-G35,
which contains a nuclear maser source and is known to be heavily absorbed in
the X-rays. Analysis of the X-ray spectra observed by SAX in October 1996 and
1997 yields a spectral index 0.74+/-0.07, typical of Seyfert galaxies and
consistent with earlier observations of this source. The strong, soft X-ray
absorption has column density 1.79E(23)/cm^2, again consistent with earlier
results. The best fitting spectrum is that of a power law with a high energy
cutoff at 29+/-10 keV, a cold, marginally resolved Fe Kalpha line with EW 290
eV (1996) and a mildly ionized Fe K-edge at 7.37 keV. The Kalpha line and cold
absorption are consistent with origin in a accretion disk/torus through which
our line-of-sight passes at a radial distance of pc. The Fe K-edge is
mildly ionized suggesting the presence of ionized gas probably in the inner
accretion disk, close to the central source or in a separate warm absorber. The
data quality is too low to distinguish between these possibilities but the
edge-on geometry implied by the water maser emission favors the former.
Comparison with earlier observations of ESO103-G35 shows little/no change in
spectral parameters while the flux changes by factors of a few on timescales of
a few months. The 2--10 keV flux decreased by a factor of 2.7 between Oct 1996
and Oct 1997 with no detectable change in the count rate >20 keV suggesting a
constant or delayed response reflection component. The high energy cutoff is
lower than the typical 300keV values seen in Seyfert galaxies. A significant
subset of similar sources would affect current models of the AGN contribution
to the cosmic X-ray background which generally assume a high energy cutoff of
300 keV.Comment: 22 pages, postscript file, accepted for publication in Ap
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