4,671 research outputs found

    Topological Hall effect and Berry phase in magnetic nanostructures

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    We discuss the anomalous Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron gas subject to a spatially varying magnetization. This topological Hall effect (THE) does not require any spin-orbit coupling, and arises solely from Berry phase acquired by an electron moving in a smoothly varying magnetization. We propose an experiment with a structure containing 2D electrons or holes of diluted magnetic semiconductor subject to the stray field of a lattice of magnetic nanocylinders. The striking behavior predicted for such a system (of which all relevant parameters are well known) allows to observe unambiguously the THE and to distinguish it from other mechanisms.Comment: 5 pages with 4 figure

    Anomalous Hall Effect due to the spin chirality in the Kagom\'{e} lattice

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    We consider a model for a two dimensional electron gas moving on a kagom\'{e} lattice and locally coupled to a chiral magnetic texture. We show that the transverse conductivity σ_xy\sigma\_{xy} does not vanish even if spin-orbit coupling is not present and it may exhibit unusual behavior. Model parameters are the chirality, the number of conduction electrons and the amplitude of the local coupling. Upon varying these parameters, a topological transition characterized by change of the band Chern numbers occur. As a consequence, σ_xy\sigma\_{xy} can be quantized, proportional to the chirality or have a non monotonic behavior upon varying these parameters.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

    Direct calorimetric measurements of isothermal entropy change on single crystal W-type hexaferrites at the spin reorientation transition

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    We report on the magnetic field induced isothermal entropy change, \Delta s(Ha, T), of W-type ferrite with CoZn substitution. Entropy measurements are performed by direct calorimetry. Single crystals of the composition BaCo0.62_0.62Zn1.38_1.38Fe16_16O27_27, prepared by the flux method, are measured at different fixed temperatures under an applied field perpendicular and parallel to the c axis. At 296 K one deduces a value of K1_1 = 8.7 \times 10^{4} J m3^-3 for the first anisotropy constant, which is in good agreement with the literature. The spin reorientation transition temperature is estimated to take place between 200 and 220 K

    Investigation of the Domain Wall Fermion Approach to Chiral Gauge Theories on the Lattice

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    We investigate a recent proposal to construct chiral gauge theories on the lattice using domain wall fermions. We restrict ourselves to the finite volume case, in which two domain walls are present, with modes of opposite chirality on each of them. We couple the chiral fermions on only one of the domain walls to a gauge field. In order to preserve gauge invariance, we have to add a scalar field, which gives rise to additional light mirror fermion and scalar modes. We argue that in an anomaly free model these extra modes would decouple if our model possesses a so-called strong coupling symmetric phase. However, our numerical results indicate that such a phase most probably does not exist. ---- Note: 9 Postscript figures are appended as uuencoded compressed tar file.Comment: 27p. Latex; UCSD/PTH 93-28, Wash. U. HEP/93-6

    Premartensitic Transition in Ni2+xMn1-xGa Heusler Alloys

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    The temperature dependencies of the resistivity and magnetization of a series of Ni2+XMn1-XGa (X = 0 - 0.09) alloys were investigated. Along with the anomalies associated with ferromagnetic and martensitic transitions, well-defined anomalies were observed at the temperature of premartensitic transformation. The premartensitic phase existing in a temperature range 200 - 260 K in the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa is suppressed by the martensitic phase with increasing Ni content and vanishes in Ni2.09Mn0.91Ga composition

    Anomalous Hall Effect in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors in the Hopping Transport Regime

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    We present a theory of the Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) in ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As in the regime when conduction is due to phonon-assisted hopping of holes between localized states in the impurity band. We show that the microscopic origin of the anomalous Hall conductivity in this system can be attributed to a phase that a hole gains when hopping around closed-loop paths in the presence of spin-orbit interactions and background magnetization of the localized Mn moments. Mapping the problem to a random resistor network, we derive an analytic expression for the macroscopic anomalous Hall conductivity σxyAH\sigma_{xy}^{AH}. We show that σxyAH\sigma_{xy}^{AH} is proportional to the first derivative of the density of states ϱ(ϵ)\varrho(\epsilon) and thus can be expected to change sign as a function of impurity band filling. We also show that σxyAH\sigma_{xy}^{AH} depends on temperature as the longitudinal conductivity σxx\sigma_{xx} within logarithmic accuracy.Comment: 4 pages, 1 eps figure, final versio

    Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Heat-Conducting Near-Critical Fluids

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    Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study supercritical fluids near the gas-liquid critical point under heat flow in two dimensions. We calculate the steady-state temperature and density profiles. The resultant thermal conductivity exhibits critical singularity in agreement with the mode-coupling theory in two dimensions. We also calculate distributions of the momentum and heat fluxes at fixed density. They indicate that liquid-like (entropy-poor) clusters move toward the warmer boundary and gas-like (entropy-rich) regions move toward the cooler boundary in a temperature gradient. This counterflow results in critical enhancement of the thermal conductivity

    Determination of the micromagnetic parameters in (Ga,Mn)As using domain theory

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    The magnetic domain structure and magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As epilayer with perpendicular magnetic easy-axis are investigated. We show that, despite strong hysteresis, domain theory at thermodynamical equilibrium can be used to determine the micromagnetic parameters. Combining magneto-optical Kerr microscopy, magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance measurements, we obtain the characteristic parameter for magnetic domains λc\lambda_c, the domain wall width and specific energy, and the spin stiffness constant as a function of temperature. The nucleation barrier for magnetization reversal and the Walker breakdown velocity for field-driven domain wall propagation are also estimated

    The GREATS Hβ\beta+[OIII] Luminosity Function and Galaxy Properties at z8\mathbf{z\sim8}: Walking the Way of JWST

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    The James Webb Space Telescope will allow to spectroscopically study an unprecedented number of galaxies deep into the reionization era, notably by detecting [OIII] and Hβ\beta nebular emission lines. To efficiently prepare such observations, we photometrically select a large sample of galaxies at z8z\sim8 and study their rest-frame optical emission lines. Combining data from the GOODS Re-ionization Era wide-Area Treasury from Spitzer (GREATS) survey and from HST, we perform spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting, using synthetic SEDs from a large grid of photoionization models. The deep Spitzer/IRAC data combined with our models exploring a large parameter space enables to constrain the [OIII]+Hβ\beta fluxes and equivalent widths for our sample, as well as the average physical properties of z8z\sim8 galaxies, such as the ionizing photon production efficiency with log(ξion/erg1Hz)25.77\log(\xi_\mathrm{ion}/\mathrm{erg}^{-1}\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{Hz})\geq25.77. We find a relatively tight correlation between the [OIII]+Hβ\beta and UV luminosity, which we use to derive for the first time the [OIII]+Hβ\beta luminosity function (LF) at z8z\sim8. The z8z\sim8 [OIII]+Hβ\beta LF is higher at all luminosities compared to lower redshift, as opposed to the UV LF, due to an increase of the [OIII]+Hβ\beta luminosity at a given UV luminosity from z3z\sim3 to z8z\sim8. Finally, using the [OIII]+Hβ\beta LF, we make predictions for JWST/NIRSpec number counts of z8z\sim8 galaxies. We find that the current wide-area extragalactic legacy fields are too shallow to use JWST at maximal efficiency for z8z\sim8 spectroscopy even at 1hr depth and JWST pre-imaging to 30\gtrsim30 mag will be required.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

    Equilibration in phi^4 theory in 3+1 dimensions

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    The process of equilibration in phi^4 theory is investigated for a homogeneous system in 3+1 dimensions and a variety of out-of-equilibrium initial conditions, both in the symmetric and broken phase, by means of the 2PI effective action. Two Phi-derivable approximations including scattering effects are used: the two-loop and the ``basketball'', the latter corresponding to the truncation of the 2PI effective action at O(lambda^2). The approach to equilibrium, as well as the kinetic and chemical equilibration is investigated.Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures, uses axodraw, minor corrections adde
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