9 research outputs found
Gold-induced nanowires on the Ge(100) surface yield a 2D, and not a 1D electronic structure
Atomic nanowires on semiconductor surfaces induced by the adsorption of
metallic atoms have attracted a lot of attention as possible hosts of the
elusive, Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. The Au/Ge(100) system in particular is the
subject of controversy as to whether the Au-induced nanowires do indeed host
exotic, 1D metallic states. We report on a thorough study of the electronic
properties of high quality nanowires formed at the Au/Ge(100) surface. High
resolution ARPES data show the low-lying Au-induced electronic states to
possess a dispersion relation that depends on two orthogonal directions in
k-space. Comparison of the E(k,k) surface measured using ARPES to
tight-binding calculations yields hopping parameters in the two different
directions that differ by a factor of two. We find that the larger of the two
hopping parameters corresponds, in fact, to the direction perpendicular to the
nanowires (t). This, the topology of the = contour in
k, and the fact that / proves that the
Au-induced electron pockets possess a 2D, closed Fermi surface, this firmly
places the Au/Ge(100) nanowire system outside being a potential hosts of a
Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. We combine these ARPES data with STS measurements of
the spatially-resolved electronic structure and find that the spatially
straight conduction channels observed up to energies of order one electron volt
below the Fermi level do not originate from the Au-induced states seen in the
ARPES data. The former are more likely to be associated with bulk Ge states
that are localized to the subsurface region. Despite our proof of the 2D nature
of the Au-induced nanowire and sub-surface Ge-related states, an anomalous
suppression of the density of states at the Fermi level is observed in both the
STS and ARPES data, this phenomenon is discussed in the light of the effects of
disorder.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
Full control of Co valence in isopolar LaCoO3 / LaTiO3 perovskite heterostructures via interfacial engineering
We report charge-transfer up to a single electron per interfacial unit cell
across non-polar heterointerfaces from the Mott insulator LaTiO3 to the charge
transfer insulator LaCoO3. In high-quality bi- and tri-layer systems grown
using pulsed laser deposition, soft X-ray absorption, dichroism and STEM-EELS
are used to probe the cobalt 3d-electron count and provide an element-specific
investigation of the magnetic properties. The experiments prove a
deterministically-tunable charge transfer process acting in the LaCoO3 within
three unit cells of the heterointerface, able to generate full conversion to
3d7 divalent Co, which displays a paramagnetic ground state. The number of
LaTiO3 / LaCoO3 interfaces, the thickness of an additional "break" layer
between the LaTiO3 and LaCoO3, and the LaCoO3 film thickness itself in
tri-layers provide a trio of sensitive control knobs for the charge transfer
process, illustrating the efficacy of O2p-band alignment as a guiding principle
for property design in complex oxide heterointerfaces
Puddle formation, persistent gaps, and non-mean-field breakdown of superconductivity in overdoped (Pb,Bi)2Sr2CuO6+{\delta}
The cuprate high-temperature superconductors exhibit many unexplained
electronic phases, but it was often thought that the superconductivity at
sufficiently high doping is governed by conventional mean-field
Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory[1]. However, recent measurements show
that the number of paired electrons (the superfluid density) vanishes when the
transition temperature Tc goes to zero[2], in contradiction to expectation from
BCS theory. The origin of this anomalous vanishing is unknown. Our scanning
tunneling spectroscopy measurements in the overdoped regime of the
(Pb,Bi)2Sr2CuO6+{\delta} high-temperature superconductor show that it is due to
the emergence of puddled superconductivity, featuring nanoscale superconducting
islands in a metallic matrix[3,4]. Our measurements further reveal that this
puddling is driven by gap filling, while the gap itself persists beyond the
breakdown of superconductivity. The important implication is that it is not a
diminishing pairing interaction that causes the breakdown of superconductivity.
Unexpectedly, the measured gap-to-filling correlation also reveals that
pair-breaking by disorder does not play a dominant role and that the mechanism
of superconductivity in overdoped cuprate superconductors is qualitatively
different from conventional mean-field theory
Nature of the current-induced insulator-to-metal transition in CaRuO as revealed by transport-ARPES
The Mott insulator CaRuO exhibits a rare insulator-to-metal
transition (IMT) induced by DC current. While structural changes associated
with this transition have been tracked by neutron diffraction, Raman
scattering, and x-ray spectroscopy, work on elucidating the response of the
electronic degrees of freedom is still in progress. Here we unveil the
current-induced modifications of the electronic states of CaRuO by
employing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in conjunction with
four-probe transport. Two main effects emerge: a clear reduction of the Mott
gap and a modification in the dispersion of the Ru-bands. The changes in
dispersion occur exclusively along the high-symmetry direction, parallel
to the -axis where the greatest in-plane lattice change occurs. These
experimental observations are reflected in dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT)
calculations simulated exclusively from the current-induced lattice constants,
indicating a current driven structural transition as the primary mechanism of
the IMT. Furthermore, we demonstrate this phase is distinct from the
high-temperature zero-current metallic phase. Our results provide insight into
the elusive nature of the current-induced IMT of CaRuO and advance the
challenging, yet powerful, technique of transport-ARPES.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Spectroscopic signature of surface states and bunching of bulk subbands in topological insulator (Bi0.4Sb0.6)2Te3 thin films
High-quality thin films of the topological insulator (Bi0.4Sb0.6)2Te3 have been deposited on SrTiO3 (111) by molecular beam epitaxy. Their electronic structure was investigated by in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The experimental results reveal striking similarities with relativistic ab initio tight-binding calculations. We find that ultrathin slabs of the three-dimensional topological insulator (Bi0.4Sb0.6)2Te3 display topological surface states, surface states with large weight on the outermost Te atomic layer, and dispersive bulk energy levels that are quantized. We observe that the bandwidth of the bulk levels is strongly reduced. These bunched bulk states as well as the surface states give rise to strong peaks in the local density of states
Puddle formation and persistent gaps across the non-mean-field breakdown of superconductivity in overdoped (Pb,Bi)<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>6+δ</sub>
The cuprate high-temperature superconductors exhibit many unexplained electronic phases, but the superconductivity at high doping is often believed to be governed by conventional mean-field Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory1. However, it was shown that the superfluid density vanishes when the transition temperature goes to zero2,3, in contradiction to expectations from Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory. Our scanning tunnelling spectroscopy measurements in the overdoped regime of the (Pb,Bi)2Sr2CuO6+δ high-temperature superconductor show that this is due to the emergence of nanoscale superconducting puddles in a metallic matrix4,5. Our measurements further reveal that this puddling is driven by gap filling instead of gap closing. The important implication is that it is not a diminishing pairing interaction that causes the breakdown of superconductivity. Unexpectedly, the measured gap-to-filling correlation also reveals that pair breaking by disorder does not play a dominant role and that the mechanism of superconductivity in overdoped cuprate superconductors is qualitatively different from conventional mean-field theory.</p
Co valence transformation in isopolar LaCoO/LaTiO perovskite heterostructures via interfacial engineering
We report charge transfer up to a single electron per interfacial unit cell across nonpolar heterointerfaces from the Mott insulator LaTiO to the charge transfer insulator LaCoO. In high-quality bi- and trilayer systems grown using pulsed laser deposition, soft x-ray absorption, dichroism, and scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy are used to probe the cobalt-3d electron count and provide an element-specific investigation of the magnetic properties. The experiments show the cobalt valence conversion is active within 3 unit cells of the heterointerface, and able to generate full conversion to 3d7 divalent Co, which displays a paramagnetic ground state. The number of LaTiO3/LaCoO3 interfaces, the thickness of an additional, electronically insulating “break” layer between the LaTiO and LaCoO, and the LaCoO film thickness itself in trilayers provide a trio of control knobs for average charge of the cobalt ions in LaCoO, illustrating the efficacy of O−2p band alignment as a guiding principle for property design in complex oxide heterointerfaces
Turtle and Tortoise Protection Legislation
Turtle and Tortoise Protection Legislation Abstract The thesis focuses on turtle and tortoise protection in international law, Czech legislation on breeding turtles in captivity, and legislation concerning protection of biodiversity against turtles as alien or invasive species. The objective is to describe and analyse turtle protection legislation and if concluded that the legislation is not sufficient, make proposals de lege ferenda. Another objective is to describe biodiversity protection legislation in a situation when a turtle species is in a position of alien or invasive species. The first part contains introduction to the matter considered. It includes biological classification, the importance of turtles for ecosystems, with special focus on sea turtles, and threats to turtles, again with special focus on sea turtles. The second part focuses on turtle protection in general agreements on nature protection - global and regional. In the first chapter, there are global agreements which are then divided to The Convention on Biological Diversity, agreements on protections of habitat, and agreements on species protection. In the second chapter, there are regional "land" agreements listed. The third part concentrates on specifics of sea turtle legislation. At first, relevant parts of UNCLOS are mentioned...