De kunst van het verleiden: over de 'Presolve Zienswijzemethode' bij bouwprojecten

In dit artikel beschrijven mr. A.G.J. van Wassenaer, prof. mr. C.E.C. Jansen, ir. J. Ochtman, mr. P.H.M. Smeets en mr. ing. J.J. van de Vijver de achtergrond en inhoud van de 'Presolve Zienswijzemethode'. Achtereenvolgens komen aan de orde wat de auteurs van hun ervaringen hebben geleerd, hoe de Presolve Zienswijzemethode er uit ziet, welke gedachten bij het ontstaan ervan op de achtergrond meespeelden en wat de verschillen en overeenkomsten zijn tussen deze aanpak en andere procedures

Extreme hydrogen plasma densities achieved in a linear plasma generator

A magnetized hydrogen plasma beam was generated with a cascaded arc, expanding in a vacuum vessel at an axial magnetic field of up to 1.6 T. Its characteristics were measured at a distance of 4 cm from the nozzle: up to a 2 cm beam diameter, 7.5×1020 m-3 electron density, ~2 eV electron and ion temperatures, and 3.5 km/s axial plasma velocity. This gives a 2.6×1024 H+ m-2 s-1 peak ion flux density, which is unprecedented in linear plasma generators. The high efficiency of the source is obtained by the combined action of the magnetic field and an optimized nozzle geometry. This is interpreted as a cross-field return current that leads to power dissipation in the beam just outside the source

Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in screening samples by relative quantification between the mecA gene and the SA442 gene

Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important to identify patients colonized with this pathogen and implement infection control precautions. We aimed to improve the combined use of the mecA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the SA442 PCR to detect MRSA in clinical screening samples. In a true MRSA the mecA copy number will be equal to the SA442 copy number, whereas in samples with a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) combined with a methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) the copy numbers will usually differ. Here we introduce a PCR system, relative quantification PCR (RQ-PCR), which takes this difference into account. RQ-PCR identifies true MRSA in clinical samples with a specificity that is comparable to the SCCmec-based PCRs

The target for the new plasma/wall experiment Magnum-PSI

The construction of Magnum-PSI is in its final stage. The aim is to provide a controlled and highly accessible linear plasma device to perform the basic plasma-surface interaction research needed for the design of the plasma facing components of future fusion devices. This contribution will focus on the thermal challenges imposed by those extreme conditions on the design of the target holder of Magnum-PSI.The target holder is designed to allow the exposure of large size targets with variable inclination angles with respect to the magnetic field. A test set up was made to test different interlayers (grafoil (R), soft metal sheets) and improve the thermal contact between the target and the heat sink. In addition, a modular target holder for sequential exposure of smaller size targets has been designed. Finite element modeling using the ANSYS code was used to optimize the cooling geometry and to predict the temperature profiles due to the heat load of the plasma. Experiments were done on the Pilot-PSI linear device to validate the thermal calculations. Calorimetry and infrared thermography were used to experimentally measure the temperature profile on the target and the heat deposition. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved