A comparison of 3-D CT and 2-D plain radiograph measurements of the wrist in extra-articular malunited fractures of the distal radius

Two-dimensional (2-D) plain radiographs may be insufficient for the evaluation of distal radial malunion, as it is a three-dimensional (3-D) deformity. This study introduced a 3-D measuring method that outputs radial inclination, ulnar variance, palmar tilt and axial rotation. To this end, a standardized and clearly defined coordinate system was constructed that allowed 3-D measurements closely resembling the conventional 2-D method in 35 patients. Mean differences between 3-D and 2-D measurements in affected wrists were 1.8° for radial inclination, 0.8 mm for ulnar variance and 3.7° for palmar tilt. In addition, inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of all 3-D and 2-D measurements were good or excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient &gt;0.75), with 3-D reproducibility always better than 2-D. Axial rotation was present in all patients with a mean of 7.9° (SD 6.9). Although the differences between 2-D and 3-D measurements were small, 3-D evaluation enables the assessment of axial rotation and brings us closer to a routine 3-D evaluation of malunion.</p

sj-pdf-1-jhs-10.1177_17531934231213790 - Supplemental material for A comparison of 3-D CT and 2-D plain radiograph measurements of the wrist in extra-articular malunited fractures of the distal radius

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jhs-10.1177_17531934231213790 for A comparison of 3-D CT and 2-D plain radiograph measurements of the wrist in extra-articular malunited fractures of the distal radius by Camiel J. Smees, Eline M. van Es, Gabriëlle J. M. Tuijthof, Joost W. Colaris, Feike de Graaff and Anne J. H. Vochteloo in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)</p

sj-pdf-2-jhs-10.1177_17531934231213790 - Supplemental material for A comparison of 3-D CT and 2-D plain radiograph measurements of the wrist in extra-articular malunited fractures of the distal radius

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jhs-10.1177_17531934231213790 for A comparison of 3-D CT and 2-D plain radiograph measurements of the wrist in extra-articular malunited fractures of the distal radius by Camiel J. Smees, Eline M. van Es, Gabriëlle J. M. Tuijthof, Joost W. Colaris, Feike de Graaff and Anne J. H. Vochteloo in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)</p