Phosphorus in sediments of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada (California): implications for internal phosphorus loading

In high-elevation lakes of the Sierra Nevada (California), increases in phosphorus (P) supply have been inferred from changes in phytoplankton growth during summer. To quantify rates of sediment P release to high-elevation Sierran lakes, we performed incubations of sediment cores under ambient and reducing conditions at Emerald Lake and analyzed long-term records of lake chemistry for Emerald and Pear lakes. We also measured concentrations of individual P forms in sediments from 50 Sierra Nevada lakes using a sequential fractionation procedure to examine landscape controls on P forms in sediments. On average, the sediments contained 1,445 µg P g−1, of which 5 % was freely exchangeable, 13 % associated with reducible metal hydroxides, 68 % associated with Al hydroxides, and the remaining 14 % stabilized in recalcitrant pools. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that sediment P fractions were not well correlated with soluble P concentrations. In general, sediments behaved as net sinks for P even under reducing conditions. Our findings suggest that internal P loading does not explain the increase in P availability observed in high-elevation Sierran lakes. Rather, increased atmospheric P inputs and increased P supply via dissolved organic C leaching from soils may be driving the observed changes in P biogeochemistry

Formas de fósforo em solos de várzea e biodisponibilidade para o feijoeiro Phosphorus forms in lowland soils and bioavailability to bean plants

Realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Lavras, com o objetivo de verificar a influência da aplicação de calcário e de P em algumas formas de P em quatro solos de várzea cultivados com feijoeiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5 x 2, com quatro repetições, a saber: quatro solos [Glei Húmico (GH), Glei Pouco Húmico (GP), Aluvial (A) e Orgânico (O)], cinco doses de P (75, 150, 300, 500 e 800 mg dm-3 de P) e dois níveis de calagem (sem e com). Os solos foram incubados em vasos, por 30 dias, com as respectivas doses de calcário, e por mais 150 dias, com as doses de P. No final desse período, foram coletadas amostras de solo para o fracionamento de P, e o restante foi cultivado com feijoeiro. Cada parcela foi constituída por um vaso com 3 dm³, em que foram cultivadas duas plantas até o final do ciclo. A calagem e a adubação fosfatada influenciaram as formas de P de maneira distinta nos solos de várzea estudados; exceto no solo Glei Pouco Húmico, as formas de P lábil, tanto na ausência quanto na presença de calagem, tiveram pouca participação no P total dos solos. Na presença da calagem, o P lábil foi a forma de P preferencialmente absorvida pelas plantas de feijoeiro.<br>An experiment was carried out in greenhouse of the Soil Science Department of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with the objective of verifying the influence of application of limestone and phosphorus on some forms of soil P in four lowland soils cultivated with bean plants. The experimental design utilized was a completely randomized in 4 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications, that means: four soils [Gley Humic (GH), Bog Soil (O), Alluvial (A) and Low Humic Gley (GP)], five doses of P (75, 150, 300, 500 and 800 mg dm-3 of P) and two levels of liming (without and with). The soils were incubated during 30 days with limestone and 150 days with phosphorus. After this period, samples of soil were collected to phosphorus fractionation. Each plot was made up of a 3 dm³ pot, where two plants were cultivated until the end of the cycle. By the results obtained, it was verified that the application of limestone and P changed the forms of P in the soils. Except for GP soil, the P labile forms, without and with liming, had a low participation on total phosphorus. Under liming conditions, the P labile is the form of phosphorus preferentially taken up by bean plants