THE MODELING OF STARTUP ECOSYSTEMS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE BASED ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS

The article is devoted to solving the problem of the development of startup ecosystems in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (including Ukrainian entrepreneurship since Ukraine gained independence) by reorienting their economy to a market economy and conducting it based on sustainable development, ethics, and social responsibility. It has been found that in the countries a large number of mechanisms and procedures are not fully adapted to the implementation of entrepreneurial activity based on systematicity, complexity, and interaction; only point elements are present, and the effectiveness of their interaction in the process of entrepreneurial activity is quite low. At the same time, the rapid development of startup ecosystems is observed. The definition of this concept in the article is considered from the point of view of scientists as “a combination of localized cultural views, social networks, investment capital, universities, and active economic policies that create an environment that supports innovative business” and Startup Genome. This allows for the interpreting of a startup ecosystem as “a set of resources (policies, accelerators, incubators, co-working spaces, educational institutions, and funding groups) that are mostly located within a radius of 100 kilometers around a central point in a given region, with a few exceptions based on local realities”. It has been established that at the moment the theoretical concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems is insufficiently developed, which does not allow unambiguously interpreting its composition, as well as determining the impact on the development of startup. It has been revealed that the central driver of start-up ecosystems is most often considered by universities as centers of education and driving forces of innovative growth. It is innovations that are determined as a source of entrepreneurship development. The above was the basis for consideration and a possible solution to the problem of building a model that would describe the development of the startup ecosystem of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe based on the analysis of a set of indicators that characterize the startup ecosystem according to the Dealroom.co methodology, where the most popular and those that Ecosystem value is the most complete description of the development of the startup ecosystem. The European experience in the development of startup ecosystems has been analyzed. The structural components of the startup ecosystem have been reflected, and their role in the functioning of the system and their interrelationships has been defined. The functioning of startup ecosystems in European countries has been described. Possible directions of application of the European experience in the development of startup ecosystems in Ukraine have been studied. At the same time, the government of Ukraine considers the IT industry and military tech (high-tech weapons) as priorities in further development, which is especially relevant during military operations. The study was tested on the Greek startup ecosystem and found that the most significant issues affecting the successful development of startups are issues at the state level, which are related to tax incentives and acceleration of start-up procedures, the availability of financing opportunities, communication between interested parties, entrepreneurial education, previous startup experience, incubator support, and mentoring. A regression-correlation analysis of a set of five indicators (Number of unicorns, Future unicorns, VC funding, Number of exits, Employees, New funds, Number of startups, Number of funding rounds), which have the greatest significance for the Ecosystem value of the country, has been carried out. A model has been built that determines the dependence of Ecosystem value on the action of a set of significant factors: Number of unicorns, Future unicorns, VC funding, Number of exits, and Employees, which allows predicting the development of the startup ecosystem of the countries of the world

Regional Features of Startups Ecosystem Development: The Entrepreneurial Aspect

The article provides the definitions of the concept of both a startup and a startups ecosystem, on the basis of many analyzed scientific works of both domestic and foreign scholars. It is proved that the startups ecosystem is understood as a network that unites various subjects of the innovation process (universities, venture capital companies, marketers, entrepreneurs, audit and consulting agencies, etc.) that interact with each other on the basis of certain agreed «rules of the game». The overall startups ecosystem is taken for an example, being represented by four levels (global (international); national; regional; local). Each of the individual levels creates conditions for the development and successful functioning of startups. The publication presents in more detail the totality of participants in the local startups ecosystem, where it is determined that universities play a rather important role in the processes of formation of innovation ecosystems. The model of the innovation ecosystem of the university is represented by scientific research units, such as the research department, research institute, research sector, which include both the units in which research is carried out (scientific departments, laboratories, centers) and scientific and auxiliary structures (departments of scientific and technical information, research support, financial planning, and personnel). During the formation of an innovation ecosystem of the university, it is important to carry out the process of commercialization of innovative ideas. The importance of developing a startups ecosystem in entrepreneurship is proven. The State authorities are obliged to support, stimulate and encourage the development of entrepreneurship both in the country in general and in its regions in particular. The main programs of development and support of entrepreneurial activity at the regional level are analyzed. It is proved that supporting entrepreneurship in Ukraine by creating a favorable climate for the development of entrepreneurship, identifying all the components that stimulate the formation, attraction of new and expansion of existing small and medium-sized businesses is one of the main directions of implementation of the policy of economic development of the State and its regions

Regional Clustering with Account of the Urban Life Support Enterprises

The publication examines the problems of housing and communal services, which consist in the unprofitable operation of housing and communal services enterprises, significant amounts of receivables and payables, outdated equipment and lack of finance for their modernization, etc. Potential participants and directions of socioeconomic development in the form of a «Regional Cluster of Urban Life Support Enterprises» are formed. The authors propose to integrate urban life support enterprises into a corporation of utilities of water supply, sewerage and heat supply, which will consist of combining: the enterprises from other sectors; the areas of intellectual development, the enterprises for diversification of services; the regional water refinement complexes; the grouped water supply enterprises; and a municipal information and analytical enterprise. It is noted that in the developed countries of the European Union there is a significant number (more than 2 thousand) of quite similar clusters, and up to 100 countries have programs for creating clusters today. Strategic ways for further work on the formation of such cluster formations for urban life support enterprises of Ukrainian cities have been elaborated. These include: 1. Identification of strategic directions of reform and development. 2. Innovative development of management processes. 3. Innovative development of management technology. 4. Innovative development of the enterprise management system. 5. Development of methods of information and analytical support of enterprise management. 6. Proposal of innovative methods and measures for diversification and integration of activities. 7. Proposal of restructuring models. 8. Proposal of models of the public-private reform. 9. Proposal of models of socioeconomic and intellectual clusters as a strategy for innovative development of both the enterprise and the region. 10. Proposal of individual innovative projects (measures) in the sphere of production and commerce to improve financial and economic sustainability and production-economic reliability

Organizational Changes in the System of Regional Development Management

The authors have proved that the problem of reforming the administrative-territorial structure in Ukraine is moving from the level of staging and discussion to the practical plane of implementation. A particularly influential impetus to the acceleration of these changes was given by the process of creating amalgamated territorial communities (ATCs) in Ukraine. Currently, the next stage of reforming local self-government is taking place in Ukraine, which is the consolidation of districts. In the process of formation of new districts, it is proposed to use information on the development of ATCs and take into account the EU experience in this area, which in the future will lead to an increase in the efficiency of the use of available resources along with the improving of the standard of living of the population against the background of betterment of the ecological situation in the region. The study substantiates proposals for applying a process approach to the consolidation of districts. The advantages of implementing these proposals include: consistency with EU structures in the field of district management; the possibility of implementing the conception of «RURBAN»; ensuring sustainable development of the region; increasing the importance of ATCs in the process of territorial management, etc. Success in development depends not only on the starting potential, but also on the mechanisms of development management, one of which can be considered the mechanism of «balancing resources, directions, tasks and methods of development management». The implementation of measures of suburbanization (the process of growth and development of the suburban zone of large cities, as a result of which urban agglomerations are formed) will ensure long-term economic growth of the regions, improve the standard of living of the population and achieve other strategic goals. In the suburban area, the «middle class» of the population should appear and grow. And for this it is important to organize and support the transfer «out of town» of industries, housing, infrastructure, organize eco-protection of systems, create a suburbanization economic space, cultural, tourist and recreational space, developed and high-quality infrastructure for life support of the population and transport links

Адаптація персоналу підприємницьких структур: сутність та складники

Смачило, В. В. Адаптація персоналу підприємницьких структур: сутність та складники = Adaptation of staff of business structures: essence and components / В. В. Смачило, Т. Л. Наливайко, П. А. Різник // Зб. наук. пр. НУК. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2019. – № 1 (475). – С. 221–228.Анотація. Мета. Ідентифікація категорії «адаптація персоналу» через розкриття та обґрунтування сутнісного навантаження її компонент. Методика. У дослідженні використано: морфологічний та структурно-логічний аналізи, які дали змогу встановити сутнісне навантаження складників категорії «адаптація персоналу»; графічний та табличний методи, що дало змогу структурувати та узагальнити інформацію, а також презентувати результати; метод логічних узагальнень – для формування висновків. Результати. У дослідженні було проаналізовано, ідентифіковано та розмежовано категорії, які описують адаптацію працівника на підприємстві: «виробнича адаптація», «невиробнича адаптація», «трудова адаптація» та «адаптація персоналу». Визначено, що використання терміна «виробнича адаптація» має обмежений і еволюційно недоцільний характер у сучасних умовах господарювання, тому більш справедливим є виділення в межах адаптації персоналу адаптації, яка безпосередньо пов’язана із веденням трудової діяльності (трудова адаптація), та адаптації, яка безпосередньо не пов’язана із веденням трудової діяльності (позатрудова адаптація). Визначено, що сутнісне навантаження адаптації персоналу доцільно розкривати через виділення окремих компонент (видів адаптації персоналу за змістовою класифікаційною ознакою), до яких зараховано професійну, психофізіологічну, соціально-психологічну, організаційну, економічну та культурно-побутову. Відповідно, надано авторське переосмислення сутності вказаних видів адаптації. Наукова новизна. Вдосконалено структуризацію категорії «адаптація персоналу» шляхом уточнення складників та їх сутності, яка, на відміну від наявних, базується на принципі безпосередньої чи опосередкованої участі в трудовій діяльності працівників Практична значущість. Обґрунтування теоретичного базису адаптації персоналу підприємницьких структур є основою для коректної імплементації методичного інструментарію адаптації працівників, що безпосередньо впливає на ефективність діяльності підприємства.Abstract. Purpose. Identification of the category of "personnel adaptation" through the disclosure and substantiation of the essential load of its components. Method. The study used: morphological and structural-logical analyzes, which made it possible to establish the essence of the components of the "personnel adaptation" category; graphic and tabular methods, which allowed to structure and summarize information, as well as present the results; logical generalization method - to form conclusions. Results. The study analyzed, identified and delineated categories that describe the adaptation of an employee in the enterprise "industrial adaptation", "non-production adaptation", "labor adaptation" and "personnel adaptation". It is determined that the use of the term "production adaptation" is limited and evolutionarily inappropriate in the current economic conditions, so it is more fair to distinguish adaptation that is directly related to the conduct of labor (labor adaptation), and adaptation that is not directly related to the conduct of labor ( non-labor adaptation) within the personnel adaptation. It is determined that the essence of personnel adaptation is expedient to reveal through the selection of individual components (according to the meaningful classification feature), which include: professional; psychophysiological; socio-psychological, organizational; economic and cultural and everyday life. Accordingly, the author redefines the nature of these types of adaptation. Scientific novelty. The structuring of the "staff adaptation" category has been improved by specifying the components and their essence, which, unlike the existing ones, is based on the principle of direct or indirect participation in the labor activity of employees. Practical importance. Substantiation of the theoretical basis of adaptation of the personnel of the entrepreneurial structures is the basis for the correct implementation of the methodological toolkit of adaptation of employees, which directly affects the efficiency of the enterprise