Ignition of boron-containing high-energy materials based on an oxidizer and polymer binder

The use of aluminum borides is a promising direction in the development of modern propellant compositions and aerial vehicles. We present experimental data on the kinetics of oxidation of microscale powders of aluminum, amorphous boron, and the aluminum borides AlB2 and AlB12 in air upon heating at a constant rate of 10°C/min and the results of laser-assisted ignition of high-energy materials that contain these metal powders and are based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and an inert binder or an energetic combustible binder. We show that the use of the boron-containing powders enables us to lower the onset temperature of oxidation and the temperature of intense oxidation, while increasing their oxidation effectiveness, compared to pure aluminum. The dependences of ignition delay time on the heat flux show that the AlB2 and AlB12 powders are the most effective metal fuel components for solid propellants based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and an energetic binder: they display the shortest ignition delay time and require the lowest heat input for ignition

Studying solid fuel ignition by CO

The ignition data on Siberian bituminous coal and lignite by a continuous CO2-laser were presented in current work. Measurements were carried out at the heat flux density range of 90–150 W/cm2 in air. Dependences of ignition delay time on heat flux density were obtained along with the surface temperatures at the moment of fuel sample ignition. Ignition delay time was found to be in the range 50–520 ms for lignite. For bituminous coal ignition the delay time values are larger 1.5–2 times. However, fuel surface temperature in the moment of ignition is the same for both fuels, i.e. 640–680 °C

Coal char oxidation kinetics in air medium

Study of oxidation kinetics for three types of coal char with different carbon content in air is presented. The coal char powders of anthracite, bituminous T-grade coal and 2B-grade lignite with particle size less than 80 μm were tested. The coal char oxidation was researched by isothermal method via simultaneous TG-DSC analyzer Netzsch STA 449 Jupiter F3 in the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C. Measurements were carried out at ambient pressure. Volumetric flow rate of oxidizing medium into analyser chamber was 250 ml/min. Flow consisted of air and argon with volumetric ratio 24/1. Carbon average rate of oxidation reaction at each temperature were defined based on experimental results. Kinetic constants (the frequency factor and activation energy) were defined for Arrhenius equation modified with three submodels: volumetric model, shrinking core model and random pore model. The activation energy values for anthracite are 1,6-1,7 times higher than for chars of bituminous coal and lignite

The inverse stationary heat conduction problem for a cuboid

The heat conductivity coefficient is important characteristic which is used in various spheres. The original methodic for conductivity coefficient determination was proposed for samples in form of rectangular parallelepiped. The results of numerical solution of nonlinear heat conduction problem in heat conduction coefficient value range 0.04-5 W/(m K) with different sample relative size were presented

The inverse stationary heat conduction problem for a cuboid

The heat conductivity coefficient is important characteristic which is used in various spheres. The original methodic for conductivity coefficient determination was proposed for samples in form of rectangular parallelepiped. The results of numerical solution of nonlinear heat conduction problem in heat conduction coefficient value range 0.04-5 W/(m K) with different sample relative size were presented

Coal char oxidation kinetics in air medium

Study of oxidation kinetics for three types of coal char with different carbon content in air is presented. The coal char powders of anthracite, bituminous T-grade coal and 2B-grade lignite with particle size less than 80 μm were tested. The coal char oxidation was researched by isothermal method via simultaneous TG-DSC analyzer Netzsch STA 449 Jupiter F3 in the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C. Measurements were carried out at ambient pressure. Volumetric flow rate of oxidizing medium into analyser chamber was 250 ml/min. Flow consisted of air and argon with volumetric ratio 24/1. Carbon average rate of oxidation reaction at each temperature were defined based on experimental results. Kinetic constants (the frequency factor and activation energy) were defined for Arrhenius equation modified with three submodels: volumetric model, shrinking core model and random pore model. The activation energy values for anthracite are 1,6-1,7 times higher than for chars of bituminous coal and lignite

Physical-Mathematical Model for Fixed-Bed Solid Fuel Gasification Process Simulation

Phycial-mathmatical model for fixed-bed coal gasification process simulation is proposed. The heterogeneous carbon oxidation chemical reactions were simulated via Arrhenius equation while homogeneous reactions in gas phase were calculated using Gibbs free energy minimization procedure. The syngas component concentration field and fuel conversion distribution as well as syngas final temperature and composition were defined for fixed bed gasification of T-grade coal of Kuznetskiy deposit. The optimal fuel residence time and gasifyer specific productivity were defined. The prevail reactions in oxidizing and reduction zones together with its height were defined

Physical-Mathematical Model for Fixed-Bed Solid Fuel Gasification Process Simulation

Phycial-mathmatical model for fixed-bed coal gasification process simulation is proposed. The heterogeneous carbon oxidation chemical reactions were simulated via Arrhenius equation while homogeneous reactions in gas phase were calculated using Gibbs free energy minimization procedure. The syngas component concentration field and fuel conversion distribution as well as syngas final temperature and composition were defined for fixed bed gasification of T-grade coal of Kuznetskiy deposit. The optimal fuel residence time and gasifyer specific productivity were defined. The prevail reactions in oxidizing and reduction zones together with its height were defined

Study on thermal oxidation and combustion of aluminum ultrafine powder in high-energy material

Aluminum is a promising metal fuel for solid propellants due to the high heat of combustion and propulsion specific impulse values. In current study the results of aluminum-containing high-energy material oxidation and combustion processes were received by means of the thermogravimetry and a constant pressure bomb. Ammonium perchlorate-based high-energy materials with aluminium powder with different particles size and genesis (produced by methods of electrical explosion of wire is ultrafine Alex and spraying is micron ASD) were studied. The oxidation process mechanism and activation energy were obtained using Freidman and Kissinger methods. It was found that the average activation energy values for tested HEM samples were in the range of 120–160 kJ/mole and the burning rate for HEM sample with Alex was 2.5–3.0 times higher than HEM sample with ASD-1

Dependence of Pyrolysis Rate of Coal on Temperature

Pyrolysis process of coal has been researched to define kinetic constants which can be used for design and optimization of different processes of fuel transformation. The article considers anthracite powders and bituminous coal of Krasnogorsky mine with the use of non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectrometry. Spectroscanning microscopy and laser diffraction for definition of sizes and forms of particles distribution has been done. Other parameters – carbon content, ash and volatiles, density and moisture have been defined by standard methods. Energy of activation and pre-exponent with the use of models of Freedman, Starink and distributed activation energy model (DAEM), and also relative deviation of design data from experimental ones have been designed. The results of the analysis have shown the important influence of volatiles content and coal transformation degree on maximum reaction rate. Energy activation values received with the help of DAEM model are higher than with Freedman and Starink models. Process of pyrolysis of bituminous coal has a big rate in comparison with anthracite, and is better described by the above-mentioned models