The Effects of Chronic Stress on Cd8 T Cells in Human Adults: An Examination From Bench to Bedside

Life is full of stressors that challenge our health; recent evidence suggests that chronic stress leads to altered immune outcomes in humans. While the literature illustrates the chronic stress-induced changes in immune outcomes, there is limited understanding of the impact of a chronic stress response on specific immune cell subsets. The primary objective of this dissertation is to examine the effect of a stress hormone and the stress of caregiving on immune cell subsets, specifically CD8 T cells. To address this objective, we perform an in vitro experiment with isolated CD8 T cell subsets (naïve, central memory, effector memory) from human adults and treated them with stress-related hormone, norepinephrine (NE). We also perform a cross-sectional matched study of CD8 T cell subsets from twenty-one family caregivers of stem cell transplant recipients and twenty age- and gender-matched controls at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. In CD8 T cell subsets, we conducted flow cytometry analysis for immunophenotyping, RT-qPCR and a microarray for gene expression changes, and ELISA for protein level assessments on the impact of NE. We examined differences using t-tests and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for global gene expression analysis of mRNA changes in NE treated and untreated CD8 central memory T cells. We were the first to report that memory CD8 T cells express higher levels of the NE receptor, beta-2 adrenergic receptor, compared to naïve cells. We found memory CD8 T cells had an increase in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines before and after activation and a decrease in proliferation-related cytokines after activation. Protein levels were also significantly increased in pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased in proliferation-related cytokines. Individuals with high levels of NE in their serum, or were family caregivers, had a pro-inflammatory state before and after antigenic challenge of memory CD8 T cells. These findings suggest chronically stressed individuals may be more susceptible to previously encountered antigenic challenges compared to novel challenges. Future research should explore the exact mechanisms behind these stress-related changes in memory CD8 T cells and the longitudinal consequences on immunity in chronically stressed populations

Određivanje naprezanja tečenja hidrauličnim pokusom dubokog izvlačenja

In sheet metal forming operations the mechanical properties of the sheet metal (stress-strain curve, flow stress) greatly influence metal flow and product quality. Accurate determination of the stress-strain relationship is important in process simulation by finite element method. In this paper the sheet thickness gradation in different points of the hemisphere formed in the bulge test is analysed, both theoretically and experimentally. A precise determination of sheet thickness at the pole is very important in the precise determination of stress-strain relationship. The use of the hydraulic bulge test for estimation of flow stress under biaxial stress-strain state is discussed.U oblikovanju trake mehanička svojstva trake (σ–ε dijagram, naprezanje tečenjem) značajno utječu na tečenje i kakvoću proizvoda. Točno određivanje odnosa naprezanje-istezanje je važno u procesu simulacije metodom konačnih elemenata. Na pokusu dobivenim dubokim izvlačenjem analiziralo se i teoretski i eksperimentalno, po debljini trake i polukugli. Precizno određivanje po debljini trake je važno za odnos naprezanje-istezanje. Raspravljeno je rabljenje hidrauličkog pokusa dubokog izvlačenja za procjenu naprezanja tečenja za dvoosno stanje naprezanje-istezanje

A Brief History of Updates of Answer-Set Programs

Funding Information: The authors would like to thank José Alferes, Martin Baláz, Federico Banti, Antonio Brogi, Martin Homola, Luís Moniz Pereira, Halina Przymusinska, Teodor C. Przymusinski, and Theresa Swift, with whom they worked on the topic of this paper over the years, as well as Ricardo Gonçalves and Matthias Knorr for valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions, which greatly helped us improve this paper. The authors were partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through projects FORGET (PTDC/CCI-INF/32219/2017) and RIVER (PTDC/CCI-COM/30952/2017), and strategic project NOVA LINCS (UIDB/04516/2020). Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press.Over the last couple of decades, there has been a considerable effort devoted to the problem of updating logic programs under the stable model semantics (a.k.a. answer-set programs) or, in other words, the problem of characterising the result of bringing up-to-date a logic program when the world it describes changes. Whereas the state-of-the-art approaches are guided by the same basic intuitions and aspirations as belief updates in the context of classical logic, they build upon fundamentally different principles and methods, which have prevented a unifying framework that could embrace both belief and rule updates. In this paper, we will overview some of the main approaches and results related to answer-set programming updates, while pointing out some of the main challenges that research in this topic has faced.publishersversionpublishe

Application of primed in situ DNA synthesis (PRINS) with telomere human commercial kit in molecular cytogenetics of Equus caballus and Sus scrofa scrofa.

Recently, molecular techniques have become an indispensable tools for cytogenetic research. Especially, development of in situ techniques made possible detection at the chromosomal level, genes as well as repetitive sequences like telomeres or the DNA component of telomeres. One of these methods is primed in situ DNA synthesis (PRINS) using an oligonucleotide primer complementary to the specific DNA sequence. In this report we described application of PRINS technique with telomere human commercial kit to telomere sequences identification. This commercial kit may be use to visualization of interstitial telomeric signal in pig genome. PRINS is attractive complement to FISH for detection of DNA repetitive sequences and displays lower level of non-specific hybridization than conventional FISH

Resource Storage Management Model for Ensuring Quality of Service in the Cloud Archive Systems

Nowadays, service providers offer a lot of IT services in the public or private cloud. The client can buy various kinds of services like SaaS, PaaS, etc. Recently there was introduced Backup as a Service (BaaS) as a variety of SaaS. At the moment there are available several different BaaSes for archiving the data in the cloud, but they provide only a basic level of service quality. In the paper we propose a model which ensures QoS for BaaS and some  methods for management of storage resources aimed at achieving the required SLA. This model introduces a set of parameters responsible for SLA level which can be offered on the basic or higher level of quality. The storage systems (typically HSM), which are distributed between several Data Centres,  are built based on disk arrays, VTLs, and tape libraries. The RSMM model does not assume bandwidth reservation or control, but is rather focused on the management of storage resources

Change of ears creation of AHSS steels after heat treatment of zinc coating

The article deals with the normal anisotropy, the earring evaluation of deep-drawing steels DC06, micro-alloyed steel H220 and steel with transformation induced plasticity TRIP RAK 40/70 and deals with the influence of annealing temperature to ears creation of H220 steel and TRIP RAK 40/70 steel. The evaluation of normal anisotropy has been made by tensile test on TIRA test 2300 according standards STN EN 10002-1+AC1 and STN 42 0321. The evaluation of earring degree has been carried out on the cups, which have been drawn on a hydraulic press Fritz Muller 100