Zagraniczne źródła finansowania inwestycji krajowych w Polsce w latach 1994–2010

This article attempts to analyze the size and structure of foreign funding of domestic investment. The way to analyze sources of financing domestic investment was based on the absorption approach to the balance of payments. Domestic investments in Poland in 1994-2010 were financed by the overwhelming size of the national economy. Coverage of average domestic investment by domestic savings was about 89%. The role of foreign savings apparently was confined only to fill in missing funds. But we must remember that – due to the large share of capital flows in the form of foreign direct investment – foreign savings affected among others the usage and spread of new technologies, transfer of knowledge and skills in management and organization thus contributing to quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy.Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polski

Zagraniczne źródła finansowania inwestycji krajowych w Polsce w latach 1994–2010

This article attempts to analyze the size and structure of foreign funding of domestic investment. The way to analyze sources of financing domestic investment was based on the absorption approach to the balance of payments. Domestic investments in Poland in 1994-2010 were financed by the overwhelming size of the national economy. Coverage of average domestic investment by domestic savings was about 89%. The role of foreign savings apparently was confined only to fill in missing funds. But we must remember that – due to the large share of capital flows in the form of foreign direct investment – foreign savings affected among others the usage and spread of new technologies, transfer of knowledge and skills in management and organization thus contributing to quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy.Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polski

Flow of Liquid in Flat Gaps of the Satellite Motor Working Mechanism

The article describes the methodology and results of investigations of the flow of oil and HFA-E emulsion in flat gaps of the working mechanism of a satellite motor. The flow of liquid in those gaps is turbulent and not fully developed. The article presents two methods of modelling this flow. Method I makes use of the Darcy-Weisbach formula, while Method II bases on the assumption that in the variable-length gaps the flow is turbulent in the area where the length is the smallest and laminar where the length is the largest. Consequently, the flow in such gaps can be modelled as the sum of laminar and turbulent flows. The results obtained in the experiment have made the basis for calculating relevant coefficients and assessing the proportion of turbulence in the flow modelled using both method

Spirometry during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Guidelines and practical advice from the expert panel of Respiratory Physiopathology Assembly of Polish Respiratory Society

At the end of 2019, in Wuhan, the Hubei Province's capital city in China, the first cases of COVID-19 disease caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, were described. The rapid spread of the infection through the world resulted in the World Health Organization announcing the COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020. The main routes of transmission of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, according to current evidence, are via droplets inhalation, direct contact with contaminated surfaces, and transmission via the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes, and probably through airborne particles from the respiratory tract, generated during coughing and sneezing of infected individuals. During the pulmonary function testing (PFTs), which require strenuous breathing maneuvers and generate high-intensity airflow, aerosols, and micro-aerosols are formed from respiratory secretions and may contain viral and bacterial particles. Therefore, such forced respiratory maneuvers pose a significant risk of spreading the infection to patients and laboratory staff. According to current knowledge, the source of infection may also be an asymptomatic and a pre-symptomatic individual. Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been increasingly prevalent in the community, and this increases a potential risk to all patients tested lung function and staff working there. As the patients' and staff's safety is of unprecedented importance, the additional precautions when performing pulmonary function tests are necessary and unquestionable. In consequence, the greater availability of consumables and personal protective equipment is indispensable. The reorganization of daily practice will prolong test time, reduce the number of tests performed, and slow down patients' flow. The guidance provides practical advice to health care professionals on performing pulmonary function tests during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been developed basing on currently available information and recommendations from relevant health care institutions. As the COVID-19 pandemic is a rapidly evolving situation and the new scientific data has been becoming are available, the guidance will be updated over time

Flow of Liquid in Flat Gaps of the Satellite Motor Working Mechanism

The article describes the methodology and results of investigations of the flow of oil and HFA-E emulsion in flat gaps of the working mechanism of a satellite motor. The flow of liquid in those gaps is turbulent and not fully developed. The article presents two methods of modelling this flow. Method I makes use of the Darcy-Weisbach formula, while Method II bases on the assumption that in the variable-length gaps the flow is turbulent in the area where the length is the smallest and laminar where the length is the largest. Consequently, the flow in such gaps can be modelled as the sum of laminar and turbulent flows. The results obtained in the experiment have made the basis for calculating relevant coefficients and assessing the proportion of turbulence in the flow modelled using both method