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    Studying microstructure of sintered magnets Co-25% Sm

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    Metallographic study of sintered rare-earth Co- 25% Sm magnets microstructure of KS-25 brand was carried out by scanning electron force microscopy (EDS-analysis). A dendritic structure with three phases was found: branches of dendrites are SmCo5; interdendritic space is a mixture of two phases SmCo5 and Sm2Co17. Crystals of 1-5 ΞΌm of Zr5Co3FeSm compound and inclusions of Sm2O3 samarium of a globular form of 2-10 ΞΌm in size were founded also in the microstructure. Study of the domain structure on surfaces perpendicular to magnetization axis by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) showed presence of strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Comparison of magnetic images with electron microscopic images of surface made it possible to conclude that SmCo5 dendrites correspond to large domains ∼ 30-50 ΞΌm in size and the interdendritic space consisting of a mixture of two phases SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 correspond to a domain structure in labyrinth form with a size of ∼ 3-5 ΞΌm. Β© 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation: β„– 02.Authors are grateful for the support of experimental works by Act 211 Government Russian Federation, contract β„– 02.A03.21.0006

    ΠœΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Π°Ρ структура спСчСнных ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Бо–25%Sm послС элСктроэрозионной ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ

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    Scanning electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy were used to conduct the metallographic study of the surface microstructure of KS25 grade Co–25%Sm sintered rare-earth magnets after Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). The chemical composition of the studied samples: Sm – 25 wt.%; Fe – 18 wt.%; Cu – 5 wt.%; Zr – 3 wt.%; Co – the rest. One of the sample surfaces was subjected to EDM in various ways with changes in such EDM parameters as the straight-line processing speed and offset. The microstructure of magnets contains four coexisting phases: SmCo5, Sm2Co17, Zr5Co3FeSm and Sm2O3. The grain size is 10–50 ΞΌm. Crystals of the Zr5Co3FeSm intermetallic compound are 1–5 ΞΌm in size, and globular inclusions of Sm2O3Β samarium oxide are 2–10 ΞΌm. EDM affected the thickness and chemical composition of the defective layer. In general, the chemical composition varies slightly in the direction from the defective layer inward the sample: the content of Sm, Cu, O, and Zr decreases; the content of Fe and Co increases. At a distance of 500 ΞΌm from the defective layer inwards the sample, the grain size increases by 40–50 %, while the porosity decreases. At the same time, the size of Sm2O3Β oxides slightly increases. The study of the magnetic structure on surfaces perpendicular to the axis of magnetization by means of magnetic force microscopy revealed the presence of a complex domain structure of grains in the form of a labyrinth with a domain size of ~3Γ·5 ΞΌm. Separate singledomain grains ~30Γ·50 ΞΌm in size were also found. Due to the material heating and oxidation, EDM promotes the domain structure of grains appearing in the form of a labyrinth instead of single-domain grains, and the SmCo5Β β†’Β Sm2Co17Β phase transition, which causes a decrease in coercive force.БрСдствами ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ элСктронной микроскопии ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ силовой микроскопии ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ мСталлографичСскоС ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ микроструктуры повСрхности спСчСнных Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Бо–25%Sm ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ КБ25 послС элСктроэрозионной ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ (ЭЭО). Π₯имичСский состав исслСдуСмых ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ², мас.%: Sm – 25, Fe – 18, Cu – 5, Zr – 3, Co – ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅. Одна ΠΈΠ· повСрхностСй ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π½ΡƒΡ‚Π° элСктроэрозионной ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ способами ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ЭЭО, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ прямой Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ офсСт. Π’ микроструктурС ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² прСдставлСны 4 ΡΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹: SmCo5, Sm2Co17, Zr5Co3FeSm ΠΈ Sm2O3. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° составляСт 10–50 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π»Ρ‹ интСрмСталличСского соСдинСния Zr5Co3FeSm ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ 1–5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ оксида самария Sm2O3 глобулярной Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 2–10 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. Бпособ ЭЭО ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» влияниС Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΈ химичСский состав Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ слоя. Π’ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ химичСский состав ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ слоя Π² Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° измСняСтся Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ: содСрТаниС Sm, Cu, О ΠΈ Zr сниТаСтся, Π° Fe ΠΈ Π‘ΠΎ – ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 500 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ слоя увСличиваСтся Π½Π° 40–50 %, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚, ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ; Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ оксидов Sm2O3Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ возрастаСт. ИсслСдованиС срСдствами ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ силовой микроскопии ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры Π½Π° повСрхностях, пСрпСндикулярных оси намагничивания, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ слоТной Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры Π·Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π»Π°Π±ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π° с Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ~3Γ·5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ~30Γ·50 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ЭлСктроэрозионная ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π²Π° ΠΈ окислСния ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° способствуСт возникновСнию Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры Π·Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π»Π°Π±ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π° вмСсто ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ SmCo5Β β†’Β Sm2Co17, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ коэрцитивной силы

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