Dynamics and Divisions at the Salons of The Rose-Croix: Statistics, Aesthetic Theories, Practices, and Subjects

A variety of alternative Salons arose in France following the demise of the official Salon. Within this phrenetic climate for alternative exhibition venue creation, Joséphin Péladan founded the Salons of the Rose + Croix (1892-1897). He framed the Salons as ideologically unified exhibitions at which idealized works focusing on spirituality, tradition, and beauty would engender social reform by encouraging a decadent society to focus on timeless poetic and mystical ideas. Nevertheless, in practice the Rose + Croix functioned mainly as an exhibition venue for artists whose work only loosely responded to the established platform. The exhibited works reveal some overlap with Péladan\u27s mystical, idealized, and reformist aims, yet even the central ten exhibitors deviated from the leader\u27s published mandates in myriad ways, showing that the Rose + Croix was not an ideologically united group. I determine the ten central exhibitors with statistical analysis of the salon catalogs and fifty contemporary reviews, moving beyond anecdotal considerations to base my conclusions on the ideas and production of the group\u27s main affiliates. Péladan\u27s principles are clearly those of a writer attempting to direct artists. Rarely discussing specific techniques, he usually focused on subject matter and conceptual frameworks. The exhibiting artists built on many of his broader ideas, developing anti-naturalist methods to express their focus on eternal, mystical Ideas. Nevertheless, contemporary reviews and critical writings by Péladan and the artists reveal divergences between the platform and implementation in terms of: the relationship between art and life, the transformation of nature, and the influence of history and earlier artistic movements. Additionally, the artists associated with the group incorporated a range of religious and scientific--or pseudo-scientific--influences into their works, combining Catholic, Rosicrucian, and theosophical principles with optical science and psychology, especially theories about hysteria. The depictions of women and the highly varied literary illustrations and themes reveal that even in areas where Péladan issued specific guidelines, the exhibited works often deviated from his principles. The group also expressed conflicting attitudes toward women because at least five female artists exhibited works at the Salon--violating a central group tenet that outlawed women\u27s participation

Selection of the optimum stage number in pipelined floating-point units

In this work the pipeline theory applied to computing systems is reviewed. The effects of the stage delay, overhead stage delay, equalization factor and number of stages on the pipeline system performance are analyzed. A pipeline design method to identify the optimum number of stages is proposed. This method makes use of a trade-off expression that considers speed factor and hardware cost. The procedure is applied to turn a sequential Floating Point Unit (FPU) into a Pipelined Floating Point Unit (PFPU) capable to achieve a performance 600% larger. The effect of the physical limits on the PFPU maximum performance is analyzed.Eje: Arquitectura, Redes y Sistemas Operativos (ARSO)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Ultrastructural Analysis of Enamel Formation During in vitro Development Using Chemically-Defined Medium

To test the hypothesis that enamel biomineralization is regulated by sequential expression of an intrinsic genetic program, we designed experiments to determine if a serumless, chemically-defined medium is permissive for position-dependent ameloblast differentiation and subsequent enamel tissue-specific biomineralization in vitro. In the absence of serum or other exogenous growth factors, Swiss Webster strain mouse embryonic (15-and 16-days gestation) mandibular first molar tooth organs (cap stage) developed within 21 days in vitro into well-defined molar tooth organs expressing dentine and enamel biomineralization. Analysis of data obtained from von Kossa histochemistry for calcium salt formation, as well as ultrastructural information obtained from x-ray microanalysis, electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy documented tissue-specific patterns of calcium hydroxyapatite formation in the absence of scrum within organotypic cultures in vitro. An as yet unknown intrinsic genetic program regulates enamel formation in vitro

Program Design Considerations for Leadership Training for Dental and Dental Hygiene Students

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153631/1/jddj002203372012762tb05246x.pd

Autoradiographic analysis of odontoblast replacement following pulp exposure in primate teeth

Cell migration and replication associated with odontoblast replacement occurring soon after pulp exposure in primate teeth were studied. Class 5 cavity preparations resulting in pulp exposures were restored with a calcium hydroxide-containing capping agent and amalgam. Eighty-four and 96 h after this the animals were injected with 0.5 [mu]Ci/g body wt tritiated thymidine (sp. act. 6.7 Ci/mM). Teeth were extracted 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after treatment. The number of labelled cells as well as the number of grains per labelled cell were counted for odontoblast-like, fibroblast-like and perivascular cells in three 60 x 260 [mu]m zones. These zones represented the odontoblast and cell-free (zone 1), cell-rich (zone 2) and deep pulp (zone 3) areas of normal pulp tissue. Ten sections centred around the mid-point of the exposure were counted for each tooth. Matrix formation and labelled odontoblast-like cells were observed at the interface between the capping agent and the pulp as early as day 8. Other significant findings were: (1) an increase in labelled odontoblast-like cells in zone 1 over time, suggesting a continual influx of differentiating cells; (2) an increase in labelled cells in zone 1 over time with a concurrent decrease in zone 3, suggesting that the influx of cells in zone 1 was from the deeper pulp; and (3) differences in grain counts between zones, treatment times and cell types, indicating that at least two DNA replications had occurred between initial treatment and final odontoblast-like cell differentiation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28917/1/0000754.pd