26 research outputs found

    The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

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    Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4m4m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5m6.5m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

    Statistical relations of precipitation and stream runoff for El Niño and La Niña periods, Texas Hill Country

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    The Texas Hill Country is threatened by devastating long-duration droughts and short-duration floods, either of which can occur at any time. In Central Texas, El Niño and La Niña conditions each occur about one-quarter of the time. Long-term precipitation data for the area reveal that greater rainfall generally occurs during La Niña periods for summer months but greater rainfall typically occurs during El Niño periods for other months. Annual streamflow peaks cannot be attributed to El Niño or La Niña conditions, but typically occur during the hurricane season (June through November), especially for the largest peaks. Additionally, El Niño period runoff volumes exceed those during La Niña at all runoff-gaged streams in the area. For the streams in the northern part of the Hill Country, El Niño period runoff only slightly exceeds La Niña period runoff. However, for the streams in the southern part of the area, El Niño period runoff greatly exceeds La Niña period runoff. Citation: RM Slade, TE Chow. 2011. Statistical relations of precipitation and stream runoff for El Niño and La Niña periods, Texas Hill Country. Texas Water Journal. 2(1):1-22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v2i1.3665

    Results of Streamflow Gain-Loss Studies in Texas, With Emphasis on Gains From and Losses to Major and Minor Aquifers

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    Data for all 366 known streamflow gain-loss studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas were aggregated. A water-budget equation that includes discharges for main channels, tributaries, return flows, and withdrawals was used to document the channel gain or loss for each of 2,872 subreaches for the studies. The channel gain or loss represents discharge from or recharge to aquifers crossed by the streams. Where applicable, the major or minor aquifer outcrop traversed by each subreach was identified, as was the length and location for each subreach. These data will be used to estimate recharge or discharge for major and minor aquifers in Texas, as needed by the Ground-Water Availability Modeling Program being conducted by the Texas Water Development Board. The data also can be used, along with current flow rates for streamflow-gaging stations, to estimate streamflow at sites remote from gaging stations, including sites where streamflow availability is needed for permitted withdrawals. streamflow gains and losses from all available records of gain-loss studies done by the USGS in Texas. Since 1918, the USGS has conducted streamflow gain-loss studies on streams throughout much of Texas. The usual objective of the gain-loss studies was to obtain data that could be used to estimate discharge from or recharge to shallow aquifers. Most gain-loss studies were done during low-flow conditions because low flows are more likely to be steady (not changing with time) than other flows (except in reaches downstream from major springs or reaches downstream from reservoirs where sustained releases account for most of the flow). In 1958, the data for all known streamflow gainloss studies were compiled and published in a report by the Texas Board of Water Engineers (currently the TWDB) and the USGS (Texas Board of Water Engineers, 1960). The data for most of the studies done since 1958 have been published in annual data reports and other reports by the USGS. This study carries the documentation of gain-loss studies a ste

    Results of Streamflow Gain-Loss Studies in Texas, With Emphasis on Gains From and Losses to Major and Minor Aquifers

    No full text
    Data for all 366 known streamflow gain-loss studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas were aggregated. A water-budget equation that includes discharges for main channels, tributaries, return flows, and withdrawals was used to document the channel gain or loss for each of 2,872 subreaches for the studies. The channel gain or loss represents discharge from or recharge to aquifers crossed by the streams. Where applicable, the major or minor aquifer outcrop traversed by each subreach was identified, as was the length and location for each subreach. These data will be used to estimate recharge or discharge for major and minor aquifers in Texas, as needed by the Ground-Water Availability Modeling Program being conducted by the Texas Water Development Board. The data also can be used, along with current flow rates for streamflow-gaging stations, to estimate streamflow at sites remote from gaging stations, including sites where streamflow availability is needed for permitted withdrawals. streamflow gains and losses from all available records of gain-loss studies done by the USGS in Texas. Since 1918, the USGS has conducted streamflow gain-loss studies on streams throughout much of Texas. The usual objective of the gain-loss studies was to obtain data that could be used to estimate discharge from or recharge to shallow aquifers. Most gain-loss studies were done during low-flow conditions because low flows are more likely to be steady (not changing with time) than other flows (except in reaches downstream from major springs or reaches downstream from reservoirs where sustained releases account for most of the flow). In 1958, the data for all known streamflow gainloss studies were compiled and published in a report by the Texas Board of Water Engineers (currently the TWDB) and the USGS (Texas Board of Water Engineers, 1960). The data for most of the studies done since 1958 have been published in annual data reports and other reports by the USGS. This study carries the documentation of gain-loss studies a ste

    Results of Streamflow Gain-Loss Studies in Texas, With Emphasis on Gains From and Losses to Major and Minor Aquifers

    No full text
    Data for all 366 known streamflow gain-loss studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas were aggregated. A water-budget equation that includes discharges for main channels, tributaries, return flows, and withdrawals was used to document the channel gain or loss for each of 2,872 subreaches for the studies. The channel gain or loss represents discharge from or recharge to aquifers crossed by the streams. Where applicable, the major or minor aquifer outcrop traversed by each subreach was identified, as was the length and location for each subreach. These data will be used to estimate recharge or discharge for major and minor aquifers in Texas, as needed by the Ground-Water Availability Modeling Program being conducted by the Texas Water Development Board. The data also can be used, along with current flow rates for streamflow-gaging stations, to estimate streamflow at sites remote from gaging stations, including sites where streamflow availability is needed for permitted withdrawals. streamflow gains and losses from all available records of gain-loss studies done by the USGS in Texas. Since 1918, the USGS has conducted streamflow gain-loss studies on streams throughout much of Texas. The usual objective of the gain-loss studies was to obtain data that could be used to estimate discharge from or recharge to shallow aquifers. Most gain-loss studies were done during low-flow conditions because low flows are more likely to be steady (not changing with time) than other flows (except in reaches downstream from major springs or reaches downstream from reservoirs where sustained releases account for most of the flow). In 1958, the data for all known streamflow gainloss studies were compiled and published in a report by the Texas Board of Water Engineers (currently the TWDB) and the USGS (Texas Board of Water Engineers, 1960). The data for most of the studies done since 1958 have been published in annual data reports and other reports by the USGS. This study carries the documentation of gain-loss studies a ste
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